Oil palm is a multipurpose plantation yet it is also productive producer of biomass. Palm oil industry’s waste may provide an alternative sources of bio-fuel energy like bio-ethanol, bio-methanol, bio-hydrogen and bio-diesel. The oil palm is a well-known plants for its other substances of renewable energy with enormous quantity of biomass by-products that are developed to produce value added bio-plastic, methane gas, bio-compost, organic acids, plywood, animal feedstock and activated carbon. Commonly, palm oil forms around 10% of the whole palm tree, whereas the other 90% remains as biomass which is full of cellulose and fibre that generally used to generate steam for power generation in palm oil mills (Lim, 2010). Significantly, it can reduce the use of electricity and energy at the oil palm processing factory.
There is a large potential of converting EFB into renewable energy resource that could replace the existing energy demand at the oil palm processing factory or other industries. Shredding, chipping and drying are pre-treatment steps that are required to improve the fuel property of EFB (Zafar, 2013). This process will significantly improve its handling properties and cut the transportation cost. Under such scenario, EFB along with kernel shells and mesocarp fibres are currently used to provide heat for mills that can be relieved for other usages off-site with higher economic profits for palm oil millers (Zafar, 2013). This method can replace the usage of fossil fuel for biomass boiler combustion and somehow plantation consortium may experience cost saving for this change.
Plentiful sources of oil palm based biomass provide a stimulus for the sustainable generation of bio-ethanol. Conversion of biomass into bioethanol, p...
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...CH. Retrieved from: http://www.intechopen.com/download/get/type/pdfs/id/44387
Lim, M. H. (2010). A case study on palm empty fruit bunch as energy feedstock. Retrieved from: http://www.onlinereview.segi.edu.my/pdf/vol3-no2-art1.pdf
National Association of Smallholders Malaysia. (2013). Empty fruit bunch or EFB. Retrieved from: http://pkpkm.org/index.php/en/tandan-kosong-eng
Poo, C. (2012, July 9). From waste to wares. The Star Online. Retrieved from: http://www.thestar.com.my/Lifestyle/Features/2012/07/09/From-waste-to-wares.aspx
Tree-free paper made from palm waste set to be positive step forward for palm oil industry. (2013, June 16). PRWeb. Retrieved from: http://www.prweb.com/releases/2013/6/prweb10834282.htm
Zafar, S. (2013). Energy potential of empty fruit bunches. Bioenergy Consult. Retrieved from: http://www.bioenergyconsult.com/tag/uses-of-empty-fruit-bunch/
Both biodiesel and ethanol are derivatives of biomass that have been processed to create a liquid biofuel. Both types of biofuels have been touted as secure and environmentally safe alternatives to fossil fuels, however the research verifying these claims is extensive but often contradicting. In the following paper, the efficiency and quality of the two types of biofuel will be discussed. The effects of variables such as source materials and production techniques on efficiency and quality will be considered. Due to the limited scope of this paper however, only generalized net analyses of ethanol and biodiesel production will be considered. The production of ethanol requires one of two source materials, cellulose or sucrose, both of which are complex sugars. Currently, corn and sugar cane are the primary source materials for ethanol; however it can be produced from any plant cellulose. Ethanol is created using chemical and non chemical processes. These processes include liquefication, saccharification, fermentation, and distillation (Malca and Freire, 2006).
With the ever‐rising prices of fossil fuels and the realization that our supply is severely limited, the need for an alternative energy source is rising steadily. Clearly the most efficient of the alternative options lies in bio fuels because they are naturally grown and thus have an unlimited supply, have virtually zero emissions, and can be us...
There any many different biomass feedstocks available for catalytic fast pyrolysis, including rice stalks and switchgrass to name just two. These have different chemical compositions and therefore tend to yield slightly different bio-oil compositions, due in part to impurities in the dry biomass. It is common to dry the biomass feed and catalyst before they are added to the reactor in order to minimize the amount of water introduced to the system and then grind the biomass and catalyst particles so that they are very small, on the order of 100 microns for both3–5.
Cosmetics, soap, chocolate, and frozen meals. These general products all have something in common; they include palm oil, a resource found in oil palm trees located primarily in Indonesia and Malaysia. Palm oil is a valuable resource that is contained in many everyday products. However, the mass consumption of this ingredient caused wide deforestation in wildlife’s natural habitat and is leading to the endangerment of several animal species. Sustainable palm oil is grown and harvested by companies on private land to avoid deforestation and harm to wildlife, so people should consider purchasing products that include sustainable palm oil rather than palm oil taken from natural forests.
Palm oil is produced from the fruit of oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis). Palm oil can be separated into a various distinct oils with different properties. Because of this versatility, palm oil has replaced animal and other vegetable oils to be used in a wide variety of products. Palm oil is also a very productive crop. The amount of oil produced per hectare per year, or the yield, is far greater than that of other vegetable oils. Best-in-class palm oil plantations can produce up to 10 times more oil per unit area than that of soybean or sunflower oil. The production costs for palm oil are also lower, mainly due to low labor costs in the countries in which oil palm trees are grown. Less fertilizer, pesticide, and fuel energy are needed in the cultivation and processing of palm oil.
Biomass is in many ways a better source of energy. Wood has always been used as a source of fuel for ovens, fires, and traditional heating methods, but the introduction of biomass power brought about more uses and more advantages than wood. Biomass fuel products are readily available and can be produced in large quantity. What’s more, this type of power can be used in anything from energy plants to engines.
“According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations’ global hunger data, more than 10% – about 800 million people – are undernourished and do not have enough food to lead healthy, active lives (Farmers Weekly). Global food shortages are a day to day issue that all organisms on Earth suffers. Biofuels are a huge part of global food shortages because it is made from the oils of plants which could be converted into food. Biofuels are produced from plants that are burned in furnaces or diesel engines. The the oil from those burned plants is mixed with petroleum, furthermore this process creates biofuels. Biofuels mainly consist of corn which could be used as food instead. Farming techniques are very important to the food shortages too. Without proper farming techniques crops wouldn’t be growing as well as the plants are today. Hydroponics can help this
Palm oil is considered an essential ingredient for the production of foods and other products in which human use. Orangutan Project (2015) states that ‘palm oil is derived from the fruit of the oil palm tree’, and the ‘palm oil plantations are the main driver for deforestation in Indonesia’. The harvest of the palm trees for the production of palm oil affects the ecosystem as it can affect the environment. This investigation with highlight out the advantages of the palm fruit providing nutrients, it is essential for the productions of products, and this production being that palm oil can reduce poverty. The negatives of how the production of palm oil negatively affects the environment, the habitat of the animals, and social consequences
Introduction:The idea of biofuels is a old concept, reaching as far as the ending of the 19th century. Solid in its idea but flawed in its presentation. Biofuels are a alternative energy to fossil fuels that are made from natural methods such as plants and crops and are key in solving the apparent flaws of fossil fuels. While fossil fuels have been in use for over a century, Biofuels have now risen to the popularity and been exposed to the press. At one point of time biofuel were being considered by some of the most brilliant minds ever in human history such as Henry Ford and Rudolph Diesel who believed that biofuels had the potential to be the new evolution s on only to reappear a century later. Now the world faces the struggles of global warming and the depletion of fossil fuels slowly dimming by day. Throughout the last century biofuels have proven to have a place in our society as a new alternative fuel source. Specializing in Being Natural and healthier than fossil fuels, biofuels have had a rough beginning against its competitor due to key situations such as pricing, Side effects, to fuel power. However the idea was passed on a to the later generations, and continued to pasand prolong usage. However through the last decade they have been highly advertised by politicians and Government officials claiming it to be the future of a powerful working society, and to help in making a new energy free world. Through belief Some even claiming that “By 2050, a new generation of sustainable biofuels could provide over a quarter of the world’s total transport fuel, according to a recent report by the International Energy Agency” (last name). With such improvement biofuels should be the obvious answer to providing a better future to th...
Journal 1: High free fatty acid coconut oil as a potential feed stock for biodiesel production in Thailand, No. of citations: 77
The composition of biomass as raw material provides a convincing explanation for the general use way which is renewable, available and biodegradable (21). Bioplastic produced of biomass have generally three main opportunistic include, the economy, the environment and medical application.
Vegetal oils are one of the most rapidly expanding sectors in agriculture. Palm oil is an example of it, being the most produced than any other vegetable oil. The oil palm plantations are found in tropical forests, ecosystems really suitable for this kind of practices due to their high conservation values. The deforestation practiced for the plantation of this monoculture, lead to a destruction of the habitat and the consequent eviction of the forest-dwelling people.
...ch is used to replace natural gas. He also stated that, among the equipment used to burn the biofuel, the suspension burner have the ability to exceed 99% efficiency and whole-tree burner can reduce the cost of harvesting and handling woody fuels by about 35% (Brown, 2003). Moreover, the usage of bio-energy in long term is to provide a degree of ecological balance and climate change, avoid acid rain, reduce soil erosion and minimize water pollution (Gevorkian, 2007). Therefore, biomass is environmental friendly like solar energy. Based on the research that has been carried out regarding the synthesis of gas from biomass, the gas gasifies in the internal combustion engine. The relative energy density of synthesis gas is higher than the fossil fuel under certain conditions. In addition, the relative flame speed of synthesis gas can reduce the time for spark ignition.
At early 2000 most of the oil palm plantations were controlled by the state capital for them to utilize the profit for development. Then the government realizes that palm-oil industries have advantage in bio-fuel and can improve for the country economy sector. Palm oil creates new market demand where the comodity prices were firming up. This would help to decrease the risk for the prices falling to a low level during the time where there was a surplus bank in 2001. Palm oil industries also help the economic growth of a country because it helps the rural places society to generate their income. It is also reduce the rate of unemployment because this sector offers variety of jobs and field to join. After years research and development of palm oil, they have found that there are many advantage using palm oil as the bio-fuel. One of the advantage is the combustion of pal oil bio-fuel does not rise the level of carbon dioxide on the atmosphere as the oil is merely returning the carbon dioxide obtained earlier from the atmosphere through photosynthesis. After that, the scientist suggested that using bio-fuel for burning is much better instead using fossil fuel because fossil fuel is green house gas that decrease the ozone layer
Among various options available for bio-energy, bio-diesel, bio-ethanol and biomass gasification are three major options, which have huge potential in India to develop as energy sources and where investments made would be economical. The objective of this Business Plan is to review the option of electricity generation through the use of biomass energy.