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development of christianity
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Bibliographic Information for Three Articles
1. The Guys Fawkes Plot
Bowden starts by referring back to the gunpowder plot in which Fawkes together with a small group of English Catholics, attempted to assassinate the then protestant King James. After his assassination, they had a plan of replacing him with his catholic daughter in an attempt to make England a catholic state. After the introduction, the author reflects on popular issues concerning Catholicism and Protestantism, which saw the Catholic Church viewed as a cruel religion.
The author highlights a number of sermons that were directed at thwarting the cruelties of the Roman Catholic Church and its popish atrocities. These sermons also glorified the Anglican denomination above the Catholic Church. Bowden further illustrates how the image of Guy Fawkes and the Gunpowder plot has moved from the spiritual perspective into the temporal world.
Bowden uses earlier literatures like Sterne’s sermon on the inauguration of the then King, which traces the path of Christianity in Britain and the history of the nation as well. This history begins with the work of the earlier Christian missionaries who came to deliver the nation from darkness and idolatry. The history also includes how the earlier German tribes, Queen Mary and other individuals, attempted to put out the light that the earlier missionaries had lit.
The author ends by discussing the connections between Roman Catholicism, the light of Christianity and the darkness of heathenism. He further illustrates the link between Catholicism and the evil persecution and cruelty that was prevalent at that time.
The author starts by explaining that modern day philosophy was born in the seventeenth century revolution and rat...
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...nciples were an earnest and in-depth study of the bible in private and public meetings. This was referred to as the ‘ecclesiolae in ecclesia’. The second principle was based on the fact that Christian priesthood is universal, and therefore the laity was to share in the Church’s spiritual government. The third guiding principle was that the knowledge of Christianity must be attended by its practice. The fourth and most important principle was that the training of theology in the universities should be reorganized in order to provide more prominence to devotional life. And lastly the author claims that this movement advocated for a change in the styles of preaching, from a pleasing rhetoric tone to a life impacting one.
Works Cited
Sorensen, Aage, B. “On Kings, Pietism and Rent-seeking in Scandinavian Welfare States” Acta Sociologica 41, no 1 (Oct 1998): 419-436.
With all the events which were occurring in the world, Urban had successfully chosen to launch the crusade at a time when the Christian West was ready to put a stop to the fighting in the East by eliminating all opposition to the Christians. It was also the perfect time for the Pope’s message of ‘guiltless, meritorious violence’. To an audience bred on fighting but fearful of hell the promise of an Indulgence was irresistible.
The 17th century was a chaotic time period in England. England saw a transition in their nation’s religion during the reign of different monarchs. Before the start of the 17th century, England was under a Roman Catholic monarch with Queen Mary. Mary attempted to turn the Church of England into a Catholic Church and in the process earned the name “Bloody Mary”. She earned this name through her executions of many Protestants in England. However once Mary was unsuccessful in creating a Catholic England and was no longer the monarch, the Church went back to a Protestant Church. With the church now being Protestant, the Catholic minority in England began to become upset with the church and even plotted to make the church Catholic again through violence.
The Anglican Church and the English government were closely related to each other; the king not only ruled the country, but was the head of the church as well. Therefore, disobeying the church meant that people also acted against the king[i]. Like governmental organization, the Church of England was based on a hierarchal structure. It favored powerful bishops, ornate services and liturgies, and allowed people to personally observe the religion. During King Charles I’s reign, royal and elite citizens of England largely composed the Church of England[ii]. These close connections between the church and the state allowed for much corruption to take place[iii].
Little was known about the clergy during the Black Death. For a long time people believed that the Catholic Church had fled from its duty to serve the people, but that could not be further from the truth. In recent discovery it was found that greater than 50 percent of clergy were killed during the Black Death. This was not because the clergy were running away; rather, the clergy stayed and helped the people in villages, knowing the likelihood they would survive would be slim throughout this epidemic. It is my goal in this paper to describe what was occurring during the Black Death and how the Catholic Church and its clergy reacted to the epidemic.
The religious wars of the 16th Century caused intense strife throughout Europe, economic hardships, personal and emotional questioning of belief. Through the pain of many rose rays of hope from artists and intellectuals to help guide them through their uncertainty (455).
In this essay I will be discusses what Archbishop William Laud did wrong when trying to impose order and unity on English religion and how his efforts contributed to the civil war and the collapse of the Church of England. Harbottle Grimston referred to Laud as “the sty of all pestilential filth.” (Hirst, 167) Other historians had similar opinions of Archbishop William Laud. Robert Ashton writes “if there is the person to whose actions and policies the fall of the Stuart monarchy may be attributed, that person is William Laud.” He takes his opinion further by saying “the style of all the pestilential filth that hath infected the state and government of this church and commonwealth.”(White, 34) Archbishop William Laud went wrong in his aggressiveness and need to impose his ideas and views over the people of Britain. Laud was also known for his persecutions as well as humiliation of Puritans. His actions and influence over King Charles I would play a part in the start of the English Civil War. Archbishop Laud was adamant in getting Scotland to comply with using the English Prayer Book.
Pullen, H. W. Modern Christianity, a Civilized Heathenism. Boston: William F. Gill and, 1875. Print.
In The Voices of Morebath: Reformation and Rebellion in an English Village, renowned scholar Eamonn Duffy investigates the English Reformation. Duffy pears through the eyes of the priest of a small, remote village in Southwestern England. Using Sir Christopher Trichay’s records of the parish, Duffy illustrates an image of Reformation opposite of what is predominantly assumed. Duffy argues the transformation that took place between 1530 and 1570, through the transition of four monarchs, was much more gradual that many interpret. Even though state mandate religious change affected the community of Morebath, the change did not ensue the violence that is often construed with the Reformation. Sir Christopher Trichay’s leadership and his portrayal of community life, the development and removal of St. Sidwell, and the participation in the church through stores develop Duffy’s argument of appeasement rather than violence during the English Reformation.
The English Civil war was partially a religious conflict, which brought Church and State against Parliament. Under the reign of James I, England saw the rise in Protestants dissenters. Groups like Barrowists, Puritans, Fifth Monarchists, Quakers, and many more demanded for more religious reform. They felt that the Church of England’s liturgy was too Catholic for a Protestant church. James VI and I accepted the more moderated Puritans and other dissenters, and he was able to keep his kingdom in peace. However, his son Charles I did not believe that kings were answerable to Parliament, but to God. In fact, he ruled without Parliament for many years. He trusted the running of the Church of England to William Laud, who believed that the Church had already gone through too many reforms. Laud went wrong when he tried to make church services more about doctrine and sacraments, and sought to make freewill the official doctrine of the Church. He did not stop there. He ordered that alters should be re-sited from the central places in churches to the east end of churches across the country. This essay will discuss Laud’s Arminian doctrines and his misjudgement of England’s religious mood, which led to his downfall and to the civil war.
Roles of the Catholic Church in Western civilization has been scrambled with the times past and development of Western society. Regardless of the fact that the West is no longer entirely Catholic, the Catholic tradition is still strong in Western countries. The church has been a very important foundation of public facilities like schooling, Western art, culture and philosophy; and influential player in religion. In many ways it has wanted to have an impact on Western approaches to pros and cons in numerous areas. It has over many periods of time, spread the teachings of Jesus within the Western World and remains a foundation of continuousness connecting recent Western culture to old Western culture.-
McManners, John. "The Oxford History of Christianity." The Oxford History of Christianity. New York: New York Oxford Press, 2002. 28.
Shuck, M. That They May Be One: Social Teaching of the Papal Encyclicals, 1749-1891. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press. 1991.
Livingstone, E.A., ed. 1997. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 3 ed. Ed. the late F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone. New York: Oxford University Press, USA.
The tithes from the people were what made the Church so wealthy (“The Medieval Church”). With wealth and power, and the fear of damnation, the Church was able to be as corrupt as it wanted because there was no one to stop them. Because of this corruption in the Church, a man by the name of Geoffrey Chaucer bec...
The Story of Christianity is a very informative summation; a continuation of Volume 1 which covered the beginning of the church up to the Protestant Reformation, while Vol. 2 dealt with the Protestant Reformation up to more modern time period. This author delivers a more comprehensive and deeper look into the development of Christianity, which includes particular events which had transpired throughout the world; particularly how Christianity has expanded into Central and South America. Gonzalez opens up this book with the “Call for Reformation,” where he shares with his readers the need for reform; the papacy had started to decline and was corrupt, in addition to the Great Schism, which had further weakened the papacy (p.8). The author explains how the church was not the only issue but that the church’s teachings were off track as well, seeing that the people had deviated from...