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Chapter 26: infection disease prevention aand control
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The world today faces many challenges: climate change due to global warming, hunger and malnutrition in third world countries due to poverty, poor governance and corruption, endless wars and conflicts, and the list goes on. But the issue of communicable disease is what alarms most of the people in every nation particularly the third world countries. In fact, large percent of deaths all over the globe are caused by infectious diseases. This concern should be tackled first amongst other issues. Communicable diseases doesn’t only affect a single country, it can also become pandemic.
First and foremost, communicable diseases or infectious diseases have been a major issue around the globe. HIV/AIDS (Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), and Swine Influenza (H1N1) are some of the communicable diseases that affected the world recently. Among these communicable diseases, HIV/AIDS is seen as the greatest threat that endangers everyone around the globe. According to WHO (World Health Organization), there has been a 50% increase in HIV infected people since 2004. It is reported by Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS that from its discovery in 1981 to 2006, AIDS killed more than 25 million people. Furthermore, HIV/AIDS doesn’t choose a specific person to infect. Anyone can be infected by HIV/AIDS or other infectious diseases if proper precaution is not observed.
It has been asserted that health problems of another country, especially developing countries, should be left alone for the government to solve. It is the responsibility of the governments to tackle the issues of their own countries. However, health problems of a country have the potential to beco...
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...tive measures to avoid contacting these diseases. People should avoid travelling to places that are known to have infectious diseases. Getting immunization from health centers is also one of the best preventive measures. Lastly, always wash your hands when in public places.
In conclusion, communicable diseases are so alarming that it cannot be disregarded. Every single person in the world is at risk of getting infected by various infectious diseases. This issue must be the first priority of every government. It can not only affect their country, but the world as well. Building more health centers at poverty-stricken communities can lower the chances of spreading diseases in a small area. Thus the chance of creating a pandemic is lowered. In addition, observing proper preventive measures will help lower the chance of contacting infectious and deadly diseases.
According to World Health Organization, the statics show that: - The world needs 17 million more health workers, especially in Africa and South East Asia. - African Region bore the highest burden with almost two thirds of the global maternal deaths in 2015 - In Sub-Saharn Africa, 1 child in 12 dies before his or her 5th birthday - Teenage girls, sex workers and intravenous drug users are mong those left behind by the global HIV response - TB occurs with 9.6 million new cases in 2014 - In 2014, at least 1.7 billion people needed interventions against neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) (“Global Health Observatory data”, n.d.) B. A quote of Miss Emmeline Stuart, published in the article in
The spread of aids threatens our population daily. Lives lost to it number over 12 million, including 2 mil...
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized as a new disease in 1981 when increasing numbers of young homosexual men succumbed to unusual opportunistic infections and rare malignancies (Gallant49).During this time, many people were contacting this disease because it was not discovered yet and people did not have knowledge about it.Scientists believe HIV came from a particular kind of chimpanzee in Western Africa. Humans contracted this disease when they hunted and ate infected animals. A first clue came in 1986 when a morphologically similar but antigenically distinct virus was found to cause AIDS in patients in western Africa (Goosby24). During this time, scientists had more evidence to support their claim about this disease. Once discovered this disease was identified as a cause of what has since become one of the most devastating infectious diseases to have emerged in recent history (Goosby101). This disease was deadly because it was similar to the Black Death, it was killing majority of the population. Since its first identification almost three decades ago, the pandemic form of HIV-1 has infected at least 60 million people and caused more than 25 million deaths ...
National health systems are assessed by the extent to which expenditure and actions in public health and medical care contributes to the crucial social goals of improving health, increasing access to quality healthcare, reducing health disparities, protecting citizens from penury due to medical e...
In our everyday life, we run the major possibility of becoming sick. Just from talking to somebody else can increase our chances of contracting a disease. Infectious Diseases can be contracted from just about anywhere, from the food we eat to the air we breathe. We have been dealing with disease for as long as we can remember and while they are still poise a major problem for us, we have gone through major steps to try and decrease the spread of these diseases.
Emerging diseases have been a threat to humanity for centuries. The many technological advances have allowed scientists to discover the ways, in which these diseases can be controlled and, in some cases, eradicated. By definition, emerging diseases are those diseases that have emerged on specific geographical locations where they were not recorded previously, or diseases that already exist on a specific geographical area but are rapidly spreading throughout a population (Jorge R. Ray, 2015). There are different ways of how these diseases can be spread out. Some examples of this are inappropriate interactions between humans and animals, environmental changes, and interactions with people that have travel internationally. These are some of the
Mortality associated with influenza has historically been a major concern for low-income countries due to lack of sanitation, medical care, and other preventative measures. This year we have seen a wave of increasing influenza associated deaths in higher income countries, like the UK, US, and Australia. These are countries that have the means to preventative care and medical research. Media has a way of influencing the masses on the opinion of vaccination and other preventative care. Government can maintain Public Health through policy. There is an overwhelming amount of research and evidence behind the worldwide phenomena of antibiotic resistance. Medical research has suggested that vaccines are a resource that can begin to combat bacteria and viruses being resistant to western medicine. From the 3 articles of journalism I read, I transparently saw the underlying voices of opinion. Within the topic of Global Health, there are theories, ideologies, and other speculations on how Global Heath should influence a country’s response. In the case of influenza virus, and its increasing popularity in the media, perhaps we will see a worldwide response of action. This could benefit the low-income countries that are impacted by the flu outbreak every year. This same concept could be accepted to the many other infectious
Diseases are everywhere in this world, in humans, animals, and even plants. It's a part of life but it's up to us to develop new technology and new techniques to take care of diseases. We should all help each other to take care of ourselves and live a better life and avoid catastrophes.
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, commonly known as HIV/AIDS is a disease, with which the human immune system, unlike in other disease, cannot cope. AIDS, which is caused by the HIV virus, causes severe disorder of the immune system and slowly progresses through stages which disable the body’s capability to protect and instead makes it vulnerable for other infections. The first blood sample to contain HIV was drawn in 1959 in Zaire, Africa while molecular genetics have suggested that the epidemic first began in the 1930s (Smallman & Brown, 2011). Currently, according to the Joint UN Program on HIV/AIDS, 35.3 million people worldwide are living with HIV. In 2012, an estimated 2.3 million people became newly infected with the virus and 1.6 million people lost their lives to AIDS (Fact Sheet, UNAIDS). It is due to the globalized international society that a disease which existed in one part of the world has managed to infect so many around the world. Globalization is narrowly defined by Joseph Stiglitz as "the removal of barriers to free trade and the closer integration of national economies" (Stiglitz, 2003). Globalization has its effects in different aspects such as economy, politics, culture, across different parts of the world. Like other aspects, globalization affects the health sector as well. In a society, one finds different things that connect us globally. As Barnett and Whiteside point out (2000), “health and wellbeing are international concerns and global goods, and inherent in the epidemic are lessons to be learned regarding collective responsibility for universal human health” (Barnett & Whiteside, 2000). Therefore, through all these global connections in the international society, t...
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) first came to light in 1981. There has been a long and arduous global effort on the prevention of HIV/AIDS. HIV is a virus that is spread through body fluids that affect the specific T-cells of the immune system. Without treatment HIV infection leads to AIDS and there is no cure for AIDS. HIV infection can be controlled and the importance of primary pre...
Beitsch et al. (2006) also conveys the main functions of state public health institutions, which include the assessment of diseases, policy development, and the commitment to health protection and promotion activities. While Brumback and Malecki (1996) reveal that the role of public health agencies is to assess and analyse public health problems, form policies, layout development, and implement
In the 1960s, doctors in the United States predicted that infectious diseases were in decline. US surgeon Dr. William H. Stewart told the nation that it had already seen most of the frontiers in the field of contagious disease. Epidemiology seemed destined to become a scientific backwater (Karlen 1995, 3). Although people thought that this particular field was gradually dying, it wasn’t. A lot more of it was destined to come. By the late 1980s, it became clear that people’s initial belief of infectious diseases declining needed to be qualified, as a host of new diseases emerged to infect human beings (Smallman & Brown, 2011).With the current trends, the epidemics and pandemics we have faced have created a very chaotic and unreliable future for mankind. As of today, it has really been difficult to prevent global epidemics and pandemics. Although the cases may be different from one state to another, the challenges we all face are all interconnected in this globalized world.
Throughout human history disease has been linked to many facets of life and even the rise and fall of entire civilizations. Biological, social, political and economic forces have all influenced how the outbreak of disease is handled. Epidemics have altered history in how they have developed and the impact that they have had. In turn, epidemic management has been influenced by history and governments as humans have learned to cope with outbreaks and the social and political implications that result from them. Today, biomedical engineers, politicians, historians and social scientists are leading the battle in an attempt to understand and combat infectious diseases. This report will explore epidemic management and its historical relationship with the international political system. Issues will be investigated that range from the societal effects of epidemics, to observing today’s public policy debates regarding outbreaks to the possible reduction or even dissolution of conflict in exchange for food and medical technology between nations. Research has made it abundantly clear that humans must be vigilant in combating epidemics. By drawing on multiple disciplines, it is possible to implement a sound disease management plan that will control and reduce the spreading and mortality of infectious agents across the globe, as well as reduce tension and conflict between the developed and developing worlds.
London, England. The.. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine n.d., Session 5: The role of the state. in global health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England. Ricci J.
Preventing diseases is every countries’ responsibility, whether they are poor or rich. Poor countries lack the knowledge and the money to gain, and expand medical resources. Therefore, many people are not been able to be cured. For wealthy countries, diseases are mutating at incredible speeds. Patients are dying because drug companies do not have enough data to produce vaccines to cure patients. When developed countries help poor countries to cure their people, the developed countries could help underdeveloped countries. Since developed countries can provide greater medical resources to poor countries, people living in the poor countries could be cured. As for the developed countries, they can collect samples from the patients so that the drug companies can produce new vaccines for new diseases. When trying to cure diseases, developed countries and poor countries would have mu...