In the 19thand first half of 20th centuries, Infectious diseases considered as one of the biggest factors contributing to high mortality rates until the discovery of medicines. Various drugs control the infections related to bacteria viruses and fungi. The revolution in vaccines has also created several benefits for people. In fact, according to Omer,Salmon, Orenstein, deHart, & Halsey( 2009, p. 1981) “Vaccines are among the most effective tool available for preventing infectious diseases and their complications and sequelae." There was reduction in vaccine preventable diseases such as measles, mumps, rubella and deptheria because of high immunisation coverage. However, at the same time there is public concern about the real and perceived adverse …show more content…
The vaccines are helpful to prevent the occurrence of illness or diseases in the future. Furthermore, prevention of illness is cheaper than its treatment. For instance, human papilloma virus and Hep B virus comes under sexual transmitted disease which cause infection and cervical cancer. The treatments, which are available to treat this illness, are more expensive. In fact, primary prevention of these vaccinations would be helpful to decrease the cost of treatment.The potential economic benefit of high coverage of immunisation are significant, such as in India the administration of childhood rotavirus immunisation is projected to save approximately US $ 21 million in treatment cost per year (Davis, 2015, p.797). Further, vaccines are clinically safe because vaccines are tested before insertion. All vaccines are licensed and monitored closely prior to introduce. The main motive of testing is to identify the adverse effects of vaccines. It could be benefit because if vaccines administer without testing, it may cause sever adverse effects in human. Mostly vaccines tested on animal because animal and human are mostly identical in biology and there is no severe adverse reaction in animals such as fever and low milk production. However, if any lethal effect found in animal then it may test on several human volunteers. (Gethman et al., 2009, p. 419).In addition, food and drug administration (FDA) …show more content…
The demerits of immunisation come in to two categories such as common and uncommon risks of vaccination. Primarily, common factors are those, which do not last for long time and are not critical. It includes fever, irritability, pain, inflammation and local reaction such as redness or skin reactions. (WHO and Rossi, as cited in Cowie, 2010, p. 755). Whereas uncommon risk factors lasts for long time but it occur rarely. These effects are anaphylactic reactions, which could occur after the administration of Hepatitis B, which may happen to only one person in 600,000 people. Additionally, febrile seizures may appear or persist for three or more hours after some of the vaccination. Some combination of vaccines also shows some side effects. As an illustration, DTP immunisation may lead hypotonic or hyphoresponsive episodes after its insertion and MMR may cause swelling of glands (Kimmel, Burns, Wolfe and Zimmerman, 2007, p. 6). After these acute and chronic effects, there are some other problems, which happen after immunisation but are not proved and evidenced yet, in particular autism spectrum disorders made some parents wonder if there is connection with vaccines. Besides it, some vaccines may neither 100% effective nor perfectly safe because some time illness may diagnose, when vaccines are also routinely administered (Bigham and Hoefer, 2001, p. 173).Consequently, there are number of general and
Health care is a major global issue that affects millions of people every day. In this paper I am going to review an important health care topic that includes childhood immunizations and religious exemption policies. Immunizations are one of the most cost-effective public health achievements that protect both individuals and the community as a whole. Vaccinated individuals help the community by creating what is called herd immunity for those who cannot be vaccinated due to age or current health conditions get some protection because the spread of contagious disease is contained. High vaccination rates and low incidences of diseases indicators of successful immunization programs.
The article’s information is presented with the goal of informing a reader on vaccines. The evidence is statistical and unbiased, showing data on both side effects and disease prevention, providing rates of death and serious illness from both sides. This evidence is sourced from a variety of medical organizations and seems reliable, logical, and easily understood, no language that would inspire an emotional response is used. The validity of studies is not mentioned in the article, but it does encourage readers to investigate further to help make a decision. The article allows a reader to analyze the presented evidence and come to their own
The effectiveness of vaccinations continues to be proven (Malone and Hinaman n.d.). For example, after development of the measles vaccine and the implementation of the vaccination program, the number of reported measles cases declined from 57,345 in 1977 to 2587 in 1984( CDC 2010 ). However, even though vaccinations have been proven safe and effective; there are still risks as well as the implication that not every person who is vaccinated will obtain immunity. That being said, serious damage from vaccination is a rare occurrence (Malone and Hinaman). A Glanz study (2013) from the Vaccin...
There have been many issues surrounding vaccinations all around the world. Vaccines are made with dangerous toxins that can cause disorders in many different people. Dr. Joseph says that almost all vaccines are made with immune adjuvant, which causes the immune system to react in a harmful way (qtd. in Garcia). Some serious side effects of the immune adjuvant include lowering of intellectual and sexual abilities and death in serious cases (Garcia). Also, in a recent study Mark Geier and David Geier found that thimerosal in vaccines is linked to neurodevelopment disorders, such as autism. They found...
The controversy concerning parents vaccinating their children has been a debate for many years. A vaccination is an injection of a weakened or killed organism that produces immunity in the body against that organism. In further detail: when germs such as bacteria or viruses, invade the body, they attack and multiply. This is then called an infection (an infection is what produces illness). When the immune system realizes, it then must fight back the infection with antibodies that the human body produces against the foreign substance. Once the infection is fought off, the body is left with a supply of cells that help recognize and fight off that specific disease in the future. Vaccinations
Why would anyone want to leave their child at risk of developing a sickness that could easily be preventable? Some people believe that vaccines do not work and are only harmful; they are wrong. Vaccines can be helpful not only to the child of the concerned parent, but also the children of other parents as well. Parents should vaccinate their children because it prevents illnesses, rarely has negative effects, and vaccines have increased the human lifespan. If an illness is preventable, parents should ensure that their children are getting the medical protection available.
Vaccines have been used to prevent diseases for centuries, and have saved countless lives of children and adults. The smallpox vaccine was invented as early as 1796, and since then the use of vaccines has continued to protect us from countless life threatening diseases such as polio, measles, and pertussis. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2010) assures that vaccines are extensively tested by scientist to make sure they are effective and safe, and must receive the approval of the Food and Drug Administration before being used. “Perhaps the greatest success story in public health is the reduction of infectious diseases due to the use of vaccines” (CDC, 2010). Routine immunization has eliminated smallpox from the globe and led to the near removal of wild polio virus. Vaccines have reduced some preventable infectious diseases to an all-time low, and now few people experience the devastating effects of measles, pertussis, and other illnesses.
During the 20th century, one of the greatest medical innovations was achieved, which was the vaccine. The vaccine used various chemicals and biological substances as a way of preparing the immune system for some sort of future infection, particularly by a virus, which are more difficult to treat than bacteria. However, since the time of its use, vaccines have been under constant scrutiny, especially when some of them were mandated by the government for entry into school. Nevertheless, even though some disagree with the policy of mandatory vaccinations, these vaccines are an ethical way of ensuring the safety of individuals.
Vaccines work. They have kept infants healthy and have saved millions of lives for more than 50 years. Most childhood vaccines are 90% to 99% effective in preventing disease so why would you keep such an advantage away from your child? “ Vaccines are made with a tiny amount of dead or weakened germs. They help the immune system learn how to protect itself against disease. Vaccines are a safe and effective way to keep your child from getting very sick from the real disease.” (healthycanadians.gc.ca).When the word vaccination comes to mind the first thing that should come to our minds is life saving, helpful, and beneficial. Unfortunately not all people would think positively when it comes to vaccinations, they think of the worst that could happen. I understand they want to know the cons to getting the vaccine for their infant, but information can show you that pros outweigh the cons. Vaccinations can not only protect an infant but it goes as far as saving their lives. Society has a strong influence on people 's decisions. In this case society and parental beliefs get in the way of infants well beings.
Mumps, Measles, Whooping Cough, Smallpox, Polio and, Diphtheria are all deadly diseases that were once a death sentence to children and adults around the world, but there is something that can help combat these fatal diseases. Vaccinations can change the course of these lethal diseases, but some families are still refusing to vaccinate the future of the world. Vaccinations can not only be beneficial to the child itself but to rest of humanity as well. There is evidence that goes against false claims bashing vaccination and the positive effects of vaccination overrule all of the negative. Vaccination can have a positive effect on the world due to its life-saving properties, effects on humanity and the extensive amount of safety and care that
These negative reactions can range from minor to life-threatening, and even death. One of the most common vaccinations is for chickenpox. Some of the many reactions known to occur with this vaccine include: fevers, allergic responses, deafness, convulsions, paralysis, death, learning disabilities, epilepsy, mental retardation, and behavior disorders (Neustaedtr 37). Another common and mandatory vaccine is for measles, mumps and rubella; also known as the MMR vaccine. The list of side effects for this vaccine includes: encephalitis, meningitis, autism, subacute sclerosin panencephali...
A vaccination is the injection of weak disease-causing agents that help the body develop immunity against specific infectious diseases ("Why Are Childhood Vaccines So Important?"). It is through these vaccinations that children will develop immunity without suffering from the actual diseases that vaccines prevent ("Why Are Childhood Vaccines So Important?"). The field of medicine has come a long way. Vaccines are considered to be one of the public health’s greatest accomplishments to date. With the help of vaccines and public health, the overall goal is to prevent disease and promote health.
Throughout the 21st century, the amount of medication consumed has inclined dramatically. One form of medication that is used by many is vaccination, which is very important to prevent illnesses and diseases such as measles, shingles, smallpox, etc. that anyone may encounter (“Importance of Vaccines”). Doctors and health specialists expect parents to bring their children vaccinated for the benefit of their healthiness especially young children. However, there are some who choose not to get vaccinated because they believe vaccinations have risks and disadvantages. They believe that the risks of getting vaccinated are a far greater risk than getting the probability of getting diseases. No matter what may the disadvantages
Vaccinations have significantly reduced the disease rate throughout the world. Usually, vaccines prove to be between 90 and 99 percent effective. This reduces disease and mortality rate by thousands every year (Jolley and Douglas 1). On average, vaccines save the lives of 33,000 innocent children every year (“Vaccines” 1). In addition, if a vaccinated child did contract the vaccine’s targeted illness, that child would, in general, have more mild symptoms than an unvaccinated child that contracts the same illness. These vaccinated children will have less serious complications if they do contract the disease; they will be much more treatable, and have a lower risk of death (Jolley and Douglas 2). The risks of not vaccinating greatly outweigh the small risks of vaccination. Diseases like measles and mumps can cause permanent disability. While there i...
The history of vaccine started with the spread of smallpox disease. Smallpox was a contagious disease and, it was spreading fast leaving permanent scars on patients' faces or worse taking their lives. At the time, there were several attempt to treat and prevent smallpox, but Edward Jenner had the greatest rule in eliminating smallpox.“Jenner's work represented the first scientific attempt to control an infectious disease by the deliberate use of vaccination”. ( “Conclusion” 1,2). Nowadays, Statistics show significant reduction in the cases of infectious diseases after the widespread of vaccination. There were annually 63,000 cases of Pneumococcal among children in the United States. After the beginning of vaccination, the cases redu...