Benefits of a Tax on High Fat Foods

Descartes

In this essay, I will explain Descartes’ central method of doubt to investigate the truth of things, in which he wanted to be critical and generated four rules that he would use as guidance. With his method, he suspends judgment and prejudices to obtain better results. Descartes argues that despite syllogisms has truth in logic, it still has something defective, which is predominantly the multiplicity of rules. These rules might bring immorality and confusion, thus prevent him for arriving at the knowledge of things because it might bring more doubt than truth.

At the beginning of the creation of his method, Descartes looks for a method of reason that would be free of the defects of logic, however, he still sought his method to have some features of the sciences - geometry, logic and, algebra- with the exclusion of their defects of course. Descartes’ curiosity to find a method, where he could be certain of the truth of things, led him not to think of a logic like Peter of Spain’s because he knew that his logic has some flaws in its reasoning, especially the multiplicity of rules in logic. Descartes was really worried about the diversity and large number of rules in logic due to the fact that this leads to confusion and immorality. He claims that having fewer laws or rules are more observable, meaning that one can analyze those rules more precisely and careful than if we would have a large number of them.

Descartes makes clear that the defect of multiplicity of rules and laws in logic needs to be avoided. He claims that anything that is created by single effort is more perfect than those things made by collective efforts. An analogy to this example, he uses, are the rules of God that are so perfect because he has cre...

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...the way that we use to show that this argument is not possible to be invalid rather than trying to show it is valid is what Peter of Spain refers to reduction. This is really a type of conversion like the previous examples, where we modify the terms in premises. The process of reduction happens in the moods of the figures. The Letters, B C D F, and consonants S P M C, are really the key concepts for reduction. One example of reduction may be with the work FAPESMO:

Here, from figure 1:

A= Every terrorist is a male

E = No policemen is a terrorist

O= Therefore, a-certain male is not a policemen

We reduce to figure 2 by simple conversion:

A= Every male is a terrorist.

E= No policemen is a terrorist.

O= Therefore, a-certain male is not a policemen.

A reduction is a form to change a syllogism into another form of figure from the figure of the syllogism.