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Has addiction been studied as a disease essays
Introduction of drug addiction being a disease
Extended definition essay on hoarding
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Addiction can be a disorder filled with denial and regret, and is often sparked by one’s free will. Children are taught, as early as elementary school, to abstain from drugs and alcohol, which constitute the two of the largest culprits of addiction. Naturally, when one ponders addiction, his or her mind automatically travels to the realm of addictive substances, and does not consider what else may constitute as an addiction. What about an addiction affecting nearly a million Americans that does not involve choice? It is an addiction so mysterious that a significant percentage of sufferers go undiagnosed due to hidden mounds of unnecessary clutter. According to Randy Frost and Tamara Hartl, hoarding is medically defined as “the acquisition of, and inability to discard worthless items even though they appear (to others) to have no value” (Defining Compulsive Hoarding). Compulsive hoarding is a devastating disorder that affects an estimated 700,000 to 1.4 million people in the United States (Maidment). Hoarding may appear in a variety of forms, including Clinical Compulsive Hoarding, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder or ‘perfectionist’ hoarding, and Animal Hoarding. Clinical Compulsive Hoarding proves to be the most common type (Defining Compulsive Hoarding). Similar to many other addictions, a compulsive hoarder’s addiction exists both figuratively and literally behind closed doors. Merriam-Webster defines a hoard as “a supply or fund stored up and often hidden away”, or alternatively, “a secret store of valuables or money” (“Hoard”). OCD hoarding is a term that is applicable to most forms of hoarding in the sense that the act itself is one out of both obsession and compulsion. The afflicted person may have either a variant of Obses... ... middle of paper ... ...e entryway due to excessive amounts of what they defined to be “solid masses of debris” (Penzel). The Collyer residence was crammed to the brim with over two thousand dusty books, five pianos, dressmaking dummies, bundles of newspapers and boxes upon boxes of miscellaneous clutter (Penzel). It took police multiple attempts to even begin to locate the deceased body of Mr. Langley Collyer amongst the disorder. It was clear that his disorder had not only taken over Collyer’s life, but due to immense filth, reclusiveness, and secrecy, it had taken it as well. Hoarding is an addiction that is both socially debilitating and alarmingly enigmatic. While compulsive hoarding is classified as it’s own respective disorder, it is also a rather extreme form of addiction. Often kept under wraps and undiagnosed, attention is seldom brought to the secret lives of hoarders.
Obsessive-Compulsive disorder (OCD) - is characterized by persistent, uncontrollable and unwanted feelings or thoughts (obsessions) and routines or rituals (compulsions) in which individuals engage to try to prevent or rid themselves of these thoughts. In example of common compulsions include washing hands or cleaning repeatedly for fear of germs.
You may cling onto your favourite fashion magazines, seize the sea shells you once collected as a child, even nestle notebooks from high school, however compulsive hoarding is much more than this… it’s a severe anxiety disorder. Many fail to realise the severity of this desolated illness. Hoarding can have detrimental effects whethe...
Sally Satel, author of “Addiction Doesn’t Discriminate? Wrong,” leads us down a harrowing path of the causes and effects that lead people to addiction. It can be a choice, possibly subconscious, or a condition that leads a person left fighting a lifelong battle they did not intend to sign up for. Mental and emotional health/conditions, personality traits, attitudes, values, behaviors, choices, and perceived rewards are just a few of the supposed causes of becoming an addict.
Animal hoarding is when an individual has a large number of animals that he or she may not be able to take care of. The life that these animals are living can cause serious illness and even death. The
Lehman, H, and P Witty. "The present status of the tendency to collect and hoard." Psychological Review. 31.1 (1927): 48-56. Print.
Grisham and Barlow (2005) define hoarding as the excessive collection of items and the inability to discard them. As per DSM-5 (2013), hoarding falls under obsessive-compulsive and related disorders due to the recurrent and persistent urges, as well as its repetitive behaviors or mental acts. The act of hoarding can affect anyone, regardless of age, sex or economic status. However, according to development and course, there is a strong association in having a family member who is a compulsive hoarder and becoming a hoarder oneself. This problem usually emerges in early adolescence and tends to worsen with age (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Individuals have been known to develop hoarding after experiencing a stressful life event they had difficulty coping with, such as the death of a loved one or divorce. Additionally, individuals affected by hoarding behaviors usually have complications with information processing, problems forming emotional attachments, behavioral avoidance, and flawed beliefs about the nature of possessions (Muroff, Bratiotis & Steketee, 2010). Furthermore, people who hoard are typically socially withdrawn and isolated while, ironically, others turn to the comfort of hoarding out of loneliness.
“Many people with hoarding problems have a predominant theme to their hoarding, such as fear of waste, the allure of opportunity, or the comfort and safety provided by the objects.” (Frost15) They make no attempt to organize, categorize or even display the items they hoard. Typically, new items carried into the home are just piled on countertop, tables, in corners of the room or lining the hallway. Sometimes the piles get so big that their valued items get stacked to the ceiling. More times than not hoarders do not even know what is hiding in the massive piles of stuff, nor do they use the useless items that are accumulated. The levels of unmanageable stuff can get so large that clothing, boxes, and other articles cover the beds, or end up getting stacked in the showers. The clutter and mess make the home incapable of being used as intended. Sometimes family members are left wondering what compels these compulsive collectors to create such unlivable conditions in their homes for themselves and others. Most people form an attachment to the things they own or collect same as someone who hoard, however the hoard takes it to an extreme level of emotional attachment. A person who suffers from a hoarding disorder will experience severe anxiety over the thought of throwing out any of the accumulated items they have. They may even become violent and verbally
Animal hoarding is an issue in every division of society around the world (Donaghey 2011). Whether rich or poor, there may still be an animal hoarder living right next door (Donaghey 2011). In some situations there may be obvious signs that a person is a hoarder; however, others live seemingly regular lives to the public eye and the problem is growing. Animal hoarding is a growing problem because of the lack of understanding of the issue and lack of action.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder has been classified as a type of anxiety disorder under DSM-5, in which there is a presence of obsessions, compulsions or both. Obsessions are defined as “intrusive and mostly nonsensical thoughts, images, or urges that the individual tries to resist or eliminate,” while compulsion are the thought or actions that accompany these obsessions to try to suppress and provide relief. (TEXTBOOK) The obsessions are categorized into four major types, and each is linked with a certain pattern of compulsive behaviors.
Main Point: What defines an addiction? According to Psychology Today, “Addiction is a condition that results when a person ingests a substance…. or engages in an activity….that can be pleasurable but the continued use/act of which becomes compulsive and interferes with ordinary life responsibilities, such as work, relationships, or health.” This can range anywhere from drug use to eating disorders, to gambling, to even texting in today’s generation. Shocking to say the least, especially when most people do not even know they are addicted or are an addict until they realize this definition.
Hoarders are normally very socially impaired. They are usually embarrassed about the disarray in their homes, so they rarely have friends over. They also rarely go out unless they’re going to gather more things because they feel they have to be home to look after their possessions. Hoarders also often experience a rise in family problems due to the multiple issues hoarding creates. “…high degree of family dysfunction, particularly relating to conflict, distress, and marital discord (Steketee, 1997)” (Wilbram, Kellette, and Beail, 2008, p.59). A psychological issue that stems from hoarding is separation anxiety. Hoarders find it hard to be separated from their possessions regardless of how valuable or inexpensive they may be. When accepting help,” Counselors must systematically and intentionally integrate these sources of information…”(Kress, Stargell, Zoldan, and Paylo, 2016,
When it comes to the topic of addiction, most of us will readily agree that it is a miserable trait to possess. An addiction is a physical and psychological state of being that if not treated correctly could result into harmful wrongdoing. In The Power of Habit by Charles Duhigg, he recounts a story in which a fatigued housewife named Angie Bachmann lost all of her family’s assets, amounting to a million dollars due to a gambling addiction. Every habit has three components: a cue or a trigger of an automatic behavior to start, a routine the behavior itself, and a reward which is how our brain learns to remember this pattern for the future. According to Duhigg, “you cannot extinguish a bad habit, you can only change it” (63). Duhigg suggests that in order to change ones bad habit the “Golden Rule” must be implied. The Golden Rule is a theory of shifting a habit by retaining the old cue and reward, and tries to change only the routine. Duhigg’s answer to the question in the chapter title, “Are we responsible for our habits?” is simply “Yes.” If we have an awareness of our habits, then we are responsible for their consequences. In the case of Angie Bachmann, she should be held accountable for her gambling debts because she was well aware of her own bad habit and did not try to seek for help.
A clean home is something that should come easy for anyone. Most people would consider anyone with a dirty and cluttered home to be lazy or filthy, but many are unaware of the psychological disorder Hoarding, which affects about 5% of the population, both men and women (Neziroglu, n.d.). Hoarding is the act of one having difficulties separating from their belongings. Although many confuse hoarding with collecting, there is a significant difference from the two. Those who collect, gather a specific product as a hobby or a profession, but those with a Hoarding disorder keep items without a notable worth and it accumulates in areas that were previously used for living. It is believed that hoarding is caused by a deficiency with a person’s information processing or led by a cognitive disorder, or a disturbing emotional shock (“The Hoarding Project”, 2016
Hoarding is a mental illness which leads its victims to live in squalor. Hoarding is a form of obsessive compulsive disorder. This is commonly referred to as OCD. OCD is a mental illness that causes obsessions which lead to repetitive behavior. In contrast, minimalism is based on not having a multitude of things. Minimalism promotes a clear mind. This tool is based on reducing things that cause stress. Theoretically, less stress puts an ease on the mind. The tool of minimalism is also used to gain better awareness. Through awareness comes a better understanding of situations. As a minimalist, having less stuff can lead to being more focused on the important things. Things such as relationships, health, dreams and passions. Minimalists only own things that add value to their
Compulsive hoarding has been a problem affecting millions of people worldwide for decades now. For some, hoarding begins at a young age, and for others, it begins later on in life. The exact cause of why someone may become a hoarder is unknown. It has been suggested that hoarding is far more likely to affect someone who has a family history of those who have been affected. It has also been suggested that one’s upbringing may also trigger them to begin hoarding. For example, if my parents were hoarders, and I was raised in a house where compulsive hoarding took place, I would most likely follow in my parent’s footsteps and begin hoarding as well. One of the most mistaken assumptions about hoarders is that they are lazy. Compulsive hoarders are not lazy, nor are they weak and unable to clean up. This disorder is psychol...