In the modern European Union, lies an ancient culture and language unrelated to the dominant cultures around it. These are the Basques who have struggled to retain their customs through invasions and cultural repression. The territory which they call home is a small but powerful force within Spain. Spanish ideologies exerted upon them in recent memory have put a damper on Basque cultural practices and language, but out of this came Basque nationalism. The means used by Basque nationalists to gain independence are sometimes questionable and violent, and have had an impact on the economic health of the region. The Basque Country gained autonomy in the Spanish Constitution of 1978, but many feel that autonomy doesn’t go far enough.
Spain, a country of nearly fifty million people on the Iberian Peninsula, contains the vast majority of Basque people in Europe. Basque Country in Spain (Euskadi in the Basque language) encompasses the north Spanish provinces of Álava, Vizcaya, and Guipúzcoa (see Fig. 1). The province of Navarre directly to the east of Euskadi is sometimes included in the term ‘Basque Country’ because of its large population of Basque people. However, Navarre is a separate autonomous region within Spain and will be excluded from the term ‘Euskadi’ for the purposes of this report. Euskadi is a mountainous region situated between the eastern Cantabrian mountains and the western slopes of the Pyrenees and is bordered by France to the northeast, the Bay of Biscay to the north, and the rest of Spain to the west, east, and south. In the 2010 census, there were 2,178,339 people living in Euskadi, a majority of which were people of Basque descent. The largest cities include Bilbao (pop. 353,187), Vitoria-Gasteiz (pop. 2...
... middle of paper ...
...agirrel, Concepción de la Rúa, Oscar García. “The Place of the Basques in the European Y-chromosome Diversity Landscape.” European Journal of Human Genetics 13, 1293-1302 (2005). http://www.nature.com.ezproxy.viu.ca/ejhg/journal/v13/n12/full/5201482a.html
Ben-Ami, S. (1991). Basque Nationalism Between Archaism and Modernity. Journal of Contemporary History, 26, 493-521. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.viu.ca/stable/260657
Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Population Figures and Demographic Censuses. Madrid: INE, 2011.
Plaza, B. (2000). Evaluating the Influence of a Large Cultural Artifact in the Attraction of Tourism: The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao Case. Urban Affairs Review, 36, 264-274. doi: 10.1177/10780870022184859
Zuazo, K. (1995). Towards a History of the Basque Language (J.I. Hualde, J. Lakarra, R.L. Trask, Eds.). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub.
With regards to modern Quebec, the question that poses itself: what is the prevalent type of nationalism in the province? In this paper, I attempt to answer such question by providing three arguments that elucidate the complexities surrounding contemporary Quebec nationalism. The characteristics of these types of nationalism are examined through their underlying ideologies that continuously influence the Quebecois political debate. Finally, the notion of ambiguity is contemporaneous depending on whom the question is posed to , and what factors one should focus on.
The past years have seen both an unusual increase in the number of museums throughout the world and an astonishing expansion and diversification in the services provided. This work focuses on museums as the intricate amalgam of historical structures and narratives and the way they have marketed their narratives and strategies of display to their audiences.
Spanning approximately 20,000 square kilometers, with three provinces in the “north” under French rule, and four provinces in the “south” under Spanish rule, the Basque people enjoy a strong sense of pride in their culture. This pride stems mainly from their unique language; the true essence of Basque identity. Its roots trace to before the invasion of the Indo-Europeans, around 4,000 years ago. Therefore, it is the oldest known language in all of Europe.
Strategic analyses can be either internal or external. Internal analyses take a look at firms on an individual basis to determine their abilities, while external analyses look at the industry or overall business environment. The PEST analysis evaluates the environment surrounding an industry. It looks at political, economic, social, and technological factors that are current or potential future drivers that shape the landscape. The tool is useful for both strategy and market research and will provide a broad framework for Casa San Ysidro to consider in their future decisions. In the context of this project, we decided to to focus on a few specific factors that can affect museums within the U.S.
To conclude, by charting how certain cultural artefacts were abused by the Franco Regime, in its efforts to mould the people of Spain, by imposing moralistic cultural values, and the notion of a united Spanish Nation with a shared and uniform cultural heritage. The paper has followed a natural progression from the civil war years, through the changing face of the Dictatorship, from a fascist focused regime, to the relentless endeavours of the Catholic Church, as they tried to ingrain their doctrine on the Spain nation. The cultural division in Spanish society this produced, maybe go some way to shining a light on the current fracturing of Spain; as Catalonia and The Basque region look for autonomy from the centralised national government in Madrid.
The Catalan people have existed in the northeastern region of Spain for over a thousand years. Their customs, identity, and language, form a culture different than that of the rest of Spain, making them a unique people, and an ethnic group of their own. With figures such as Salvador Dali and Antoni Gaudi, the Catalan people have been persecuted for hundreds of years under a Spanish regime that has attempted to diminish their culture, and treat them as no different than the rest of Spain. Recently however, Catalan people and their region Catalunya in Spain, have gained more autonomy and freedom to govern themselves and their territory. With an independence referendum set to take place in September of 2014, the idea of Catalan separatism and independence is as popular as ever. This paper will examine the aspects of cross cultural communication that are involved in the debate and discussion concerning Catalan separatism and the future of Catalunya and the Catalan people.
Film induced tourism has grown in every aspect around the globe whether its because of the curiosity of the people to indulge in this kind of tourism or just being a part of the artificial world. Then it comes to define film tourism many authors have different views, according to Hudson and Ritch (2006a), it is describe as people visiting places which are directly influenced by films to see the landscapes, building, places as it was shown on TV, advertisement or in cinema screen. In addition to the meaning above for film induced tourism, Riley & Van Doren, (1992) further added that people visiting these places may be overwhelm with the romantic gaze of the place, and feel emotionally attached to it and also with the focal points of the film such as actors and their attributes, where they used to live, themes, social patterns and so on. However this essay will also discuss the originality of film tourism and its implications towards the destination and how it effects the local culture and community.
To what extent was Mexico’s independence from Spain a “full-scale assault on dependency”? This essay will investigate how the Mexican independence from Spain was only slightly a “full-scale assault on dependency”, due to several political and social conflicts. Firstly, Mexico remained a monarchy (but not under the control of Spain) after the insurgency. Secondly, there was still an official state religion in Mexico. Another reason is because social conflicts reduced the desire for independence .On the other hand, it assaulted dependency because there were some changes within the social hierarchy, and because Mexico was free from Spain.
Quebec is a distinct society within Canada (Darkside). With its own civil code, language, and a single dominant faith (Roman Catholic), French Quebec is defiantly distinctive from the rest of Canada and many Quebecois are fighting to preserve that distinction (Darkside). Francophones of Quebec are fighting not only to preserve this distinction but also to be recognized as an entity separate from Canada with acknowledged cultural differences ranging not only from religion, but from ethnic roots which spread to linguistic differences as well. This desire to preserve their culture is what makes them a politically relevant example of a country pursuing nationalistic causes. We will explore the ethnic and linguistic traits and cultural events that inspire Quebecois nationalism.
The Basque people are an ethnic group who have their own language and are actually growing around the world. They mostly started with Spanish or French roots. The Basque people can be found in small groups in many different areas of Europe. Some of these areas are; British Columbia, Quebec, and the Eastern seaboard in Canada. They can also be found all over the United States.
What political factors contributed to the idea of Albanian nationalism after the breakup of Yugoslavia that contributed to the Kosovo Crisis of 1999. To determine the political factors that contributed to Albanian nationalism, this investigation will focus on the aftermath of the breakup of Yugoslavia, the social landscape of Kosovo after the breakup and the Kosovo Crisis of 1999. The views of the Albanians and Serbs will be examined to help develop a more contextual understanding of the rise of Albanian nationalism. Only the events that are relevant to the Kosovo War will be explored in this investigation.
Nations and nationalism are an immense force in shaping the world as we know it. However, people have there seem to be conflicting ideologies among people regarding the origins of a nation. The first approach defined as ‘Modernism’ is the belief that nations are a product of highly cultivated, literate, structured and scientifically advanced societies from the modern world. Secondly, there is another approach called ‘Ethno-Symbolism’ which I believe to be truer to a more true to the causes of origins of a nation because it encompasses the belief that a unique culture, shared history and memories as well as bonds of ethnicities and kinship are the factors which unite people from a certain territory into forming a distinct identity in form of a nation. Therefore, I disagree with the statement, “Nations are primarily products of the modern world.”
Europe has a history of war and conflict that predates living memory and the idea of a united Europe is something that appears repeatedly in that history. Hitler, Napoleon, and the many Roman Emperors all sought a united Europe. Their quests although in many ways motivated by a horrifying desire for power sparked the minds of philosophers and other political thinkers to imagine Europe united in harmony and peace despite national differences. Today we have the European Union which is quite unique. After the horrors, bloodshed, and economic disaster of the twentieth century, in a desire for peace and harmony and economic and political prosperity twenty-seven states have limited their national sovereignty.2 With national interests and ambition still in mind these countries see the European Union and supranational governance and the benefits of peace and prosperity therein as something worthwhile. However, in the history of European integration there has been much conflict and Euroskepticism. Some see unity in diversity and diversity in unity as impossible, and the existence of differentiation in the EU as highly problematic. However, differentiation in the European Union’s integration process is not the hindrance it is often defined as, rather it creates further cooperation in Europe bringing the European Union closer to its objectives of peace, and economic and political growth, resulting in a more effective and efficient bureaucracy. Differentiation in the EU’s integration process has created more successful integration as it allows the nations who wish t...
There has always been rich and poor in Spain but never like in recent years, the distance between them is very significant, as well as the difference in relation of incomes. The unemployment rate has taken a toll on the family income. More than 1.7 million households, according to the latest Labor Force Survey, have all members unemployed, and only 67% of those registered in employment offices receive any assistance or provision of the state. As a result, Spain is one of the most troubled positioned countries in statistics that measures social inequality and has the biggest distance between high and low incomes.
As a result, by defining the primary and secondary elements in the tourist bubble, it could determine what effect urban tourism has on cities. Therefore, primary elements include: cultural facilities (museums and art galleries, theaters, cinemas, concert halls and convention centers), sport facilities, amusement facilities (night clubs, casinos and festivals), p...