Task 1
• Basic Hydraulic Principles
A simple hydraulic system consists of the following components
• Hydraulic fluid,
• Pistons or rams,
• Cylinders,
• Accumulator or oil reservoir,
• Working mechanism, and
• Safety devices.
They control variety equipments which transmits force that are carried by Hydraulic Fluid in a specific medium. In modern systems hydraulics transfer forces which are accurate and rapidly even in small pipes of any shape and a long distance.
• Pascal’s Law:
Pascal's Law, framed by Blaise Pascal, states that “Pressure applied to any part of a confined fluid transmits to every other part with no loss. The pressure acts with equal force on all equal areas of the confining walls and perpendicular to the walls." This is the Hydraulic system basic principle.
• Hydraulic Pressure & Force:
Pressure can be defined as “the force acting on unit area, applied in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the object”.
Pressure = Force/ Area.
This is stated as the force exerted by a fluid on unit area, on the surface anywhere within the system.
http://www.brighthubengineering.com/hydraulics-civil-engineering/43171-what-are-the-basic-principles-of-hydraulics/
Brake system
This illustrates Pascal's law in a hydraulic press, and this principle is also used in aircraft to brakes. There is a mechanical advantage you can create where a small force is used to gain a larger force somewhere else.
Directional Control Valve
• Check Valve
• Directional spool valve
• Directional poppet valve
Pressure Control Valve
• Control task: variable throttle valve
• Switching task: fixed throttle valve
Electro-hydraulic valve
• Servo hydraulic valves
• Proportional hydraulic valve
http://www.dta.eu/hydraulics/hydraulic-valves
Task 2
Hydraulic Fluid
Transmitting then pressure from the fluid which is used, lubricate the parts of the hydraulic system and also act as a coolant. The oil used has a low viscosity for easy filling of aluminum pips and all other pipes. As the oil heats up it retain the properties over a wide temperature range.
Three types of hydraulic oil are used:
• Vegetable,
• Mineral
• Synthetic based.
Vegetable
These are colored blue and made from Alcohol and castor oil. They are mostly used in older aircraft where natural rubber seals are used. These Vegetable oil can also cause corrosion or sludge.
Mineral
These are colored red and they are based on a widely used kerosene petrochemical product. They have good lubricating properties which in small quantities occupy corrosion and foaming. They are stable and low viscosity which changes with temperature. Mineral oils are flammable and may not be used with rubbers.
Synthetic
These are colored purple and are less flammable then the mineral oil. They attract water as they are based on synthetic phosphate eater. They also attacks certain paint and plastics.
They just forgot to mention the other effects of fluids in nature. “The influence of the fluid on a body moving through it depends not only on the body’s velocity but also on the velocity of the fluid,” this is called relative velocity ( ). The relative velocity of a body in a fluid has an effect on the magnitude of the acting forces. For example, as a long distance runner is running into a head wind, the force of the fluid is very strong. If the runner is running with the help of a tail wind, the current’s force is reduced and may even be unnoticeable.
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