Football is a very physically demanding sport. According to Taylor (1969), “Professional football is basically a physical assault by one team upon another in desperate fight for land.” (pg. 23) The body is used as weapon to prevent an opposing player from crossing into another's territory. The body must be strong and well equipped to endure the stresses of physical contact. The body is very susceptible to injury when engaging in football. It is important for those who participate in football train their bodies effectively. The same can be said for ballet. It is a physically demanding activity as well but the body is used as a form of expression. According to Huwyler M.D. (2002), “ For the dancer, his body in his means of expression, the instrument is his heart. Ballet is meant to be graceful and elegant, it does not appear to be a physically demanding sport as football is. Looks are deceiving, According to Kennedy M.D and Hodgkins M.D. (2008), “The grace and art of the ballet performance belie the great physical strain of the body as a whole. (Preface) Ballet places a great deal of strain on the body; it is important that those who participate in ballet receive adequate and effective training.
When to begin training
Ballet training should begin as early as possible for children who aspire to be professional dancers. The beginning stages of ballet training should be designated for: the development of coordination, rhythmic ability, musicality, and most important of all for enjoyment. A strong commitment regarding pursuing a profession in ballet should made by the age of ten. Due to the physical demands of ballet technique it should not be introduced until the age of ten. According to Howse (), ballet training should not...
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...be related to a football player who desires to increase or improve their skills. A football player may achieve such results by performing a particular activity with increasing resistance, increasing speed, increasing duration, or any combination of these. (Dick, 2002, pg. 218) For example, if a defensive back desires to increase his strength; defensive backs are required to be strong and powerful. A defensive back could increase the training volume performed in seated bench press as a means of achieving overload.
The principle of overload consists of three training variables, duration, frequency, and intensity. These variables must be increased or manipulated to experience increases in the improvement of performance, skill, and technique.. Following proper training guidelines will enhance the performance of any athlete not just a ballet dancer or football player.
The ‘Teacup Ballet’ is one of the first and best artworks Olive Cotton has exhibited outside Australia. It was created in 1935, a Gelatin Silver, 37.3cm x 29.6cm, photograph. Six identical teacups are laid out precisely, they each have pointed, triangular handles and slender bodies. Each teacup is placed on a circular saucer. In the centre, background two teacups are placed diagonally to each other, their handles pointing in the same direction, on the left hand side. In the middle ground, three teacups are placed in a diagonal line, parallel to teacups in the background. This time the teacup handles all point to the right hand side. In the foreground, right hand corner, there stands alone one teacup, its handle facing towards the left, pushed a little more inward, than the others. In the background, there is a light shining through lighting up the teacups, and shadows are formed. A curved line is also shaped contrasting the light from dark.
Ballet has been an art form since the late fifteenth century, but society did not truly see the impact of ballet until the nineteenth century. Modern day thinkers possess the idea that ballet began with tutus and pointe shoes, but it wasn’t until the nineteenth century that this opinion was observed. Ballet has come a long way. It has survived the turmoil of many wars and has changed itself by accepting new ideas and impressing the audience with its unique stylistic views.
...he same themes are present in Ballet that could be found in North American or European life, but even things like the aesthetic values can be reflected. "Shown in the long line of lifted, extended bodies, in the total revealing of legs, of small heads and tiny feet for women, in slender bodies for both sexes [...] To us this is tremendously pleasing aesthetically." (Kealiinohomoku 1970) So pleasing, that after the second world war the schools that were opened in Canada and the United States did not lack students and these students certainly were not lacking talent. In fact, by the end of 1958 there was funding in place to open the first full time academic and ballet school in Canada so that students would not have to choose between their dance career and their education.
The sport of football is an anaerobic sport, which means the players heavily rely on The ATP-PC cycle for energy because the average football play lasts less than 10 seconds. Along with the short duration of play length there is typically long recover time. To be exact, each play lasts on average, 5.6 +/- 2.0 seconds with a work rest ratio of one to six (Rhea, Hunter & Hunter, 2006). The athletes that play football train to gain and maintain power, strength, hypertrophy, speed, and agility. Some of these attributes are more important than others depending on the position that the player plays. For example, defensive backs rely heavily on speed, vertical power and agility and less on strength and hypertrophy. On the other hand, offensive linemen rely heavily on strength and hypertrophy and less on speed. According to a study that analyzed positional physical characteristics of players drafted in to NFL, “lineman positions performed inferiorly in sprint, jump, and change of direction ability measures and superiorly in the upper body strength measures” (Daniel, 2011). It also states, “Defensive back positions were the worst performers in the upper body strength test” (Daniel, 2011). Furthermore, football athletes have to train to prepare for the movements of their sport instead of training individual muscles like body builders. Body builders train for the physical gratification whereas football players have to train to prepare for constant change of pace, direction, and impact. One of the ways that strength and conditioning coaches get a baseline to track the progress of the athletes is through testing. We had the opportunity to work and collect data from the football team here at Florida International University. Our...
Lehmann, Manfred, Carl Foster, and Joseph Keul. "Overtraining in endurance athletes: a brief review." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (1993).
The two main component of fitness used extensively in football is cardiovascular and muscular endurance. Cardiovascular endurance is mainly focused on the respiratory system and it determines how effective your heart is in pump blood and oxygen to the muscles. It also focuses on what level your heart rate is at (bpm) and how much oxygen you physically need when playing sports. Muscular endurance mainly focus on the muscular system and it determines how long you muscles can be physically working for, at both lower and higher intensities, when playing a sport. It is the speed which your muscles take to tire and fatigue. In football, you are having to constantly running around the pitch to either receive passes, create space, run back to your
Using published peer review academic lecture, studies illustrate strength plays a significant role in basketball players as it’s a component they are very reliant on due to the power necessary for running, jumping, passing, shooting and rebounding. Many actions on the court are fast, that often involves a quick burst and necessitates great heights of power output, specifically in the leg and hip area as research has proven lower body strength increases an individual’s vertical jump (Baker, 2000; Fleck, 1999; Kevin & Fulton, 2001). Correspondingly the recruitment of muscle mass is crucial in basketball because this contributes to the stretch shortening cycle of the leg muscles that facilitates the leg muscles to create more contractile energy (Clutch et al, 2000; Bobbert and Van Ingen Schenau, 2002) as jumping plays a large role in an individual’s ability to jump for the ball. Therefore the purpose of this work-out preparation programme for Lewis Hards will dominantly be based upon strength as (many refs) reveal it’s a key catalyst in empowering athletes and enhancing human performance. Additionally it has been declared by (Chandler and Brown, 2008) it is important for the design of an appropriate training programme involves the controlling of the number of sets, intensity of exercise, volume, load, rate of progression and rest periods in order for greater gains in performance over the long term. In comparison it is also importa...
The transfer of training effect = This principle states that every exercise can help to improve a competition lift to a varying degree. Movements that more closely mimic a competition lift will have high degree of carryover. Lifting variations for this program were chosen based on how closely they mimic the competition
In order to fully understand the impact and effect of overtraining, defining and establishing the difference of what overtraining is from other conditions, such as overreaching, is necessary. Overtraining is defined as the accumulation of both training and non-training stresses producing a long-term effect on the athlete’s performance capacity, with or without physical and psychological overtraining signs and symptoms in which recovery of the performance capacity will take weeks to months (Halson, 2004 p. 969). Overreaching, however, is defined by the accumulation of training and non-training stresses with a short-term effect on the a...
In this paper I will be looking at an article called The Over Training Syndrome, which was written in 1994. I will be comparing the information in the article with the content from the week 6 Qualifying Sports Training lecture. This will be done by directly quoting the article, then the lecture and having a short discussion on the quoted point. The four areas of comparison will be; the definition of overtraining, the cause of overtraining, the effects of over training, and the recovery time from overtraining. The goal of this paper is to discuss the advancement in knowledge over the last twenty years in these four points on overtraining.
Ballet first originated in Italy in the 1400’s, its purpose was to impress the nobility of other countries. The ballerinas would wear the fashion of the times, with big dresses, wigs, and shoes that were not good for dancing in. Ballet was brought to France when Catherine de Medicis married King Henri II. She brought the culture of ballet with her to Paris. Eventually Paris became the capitol of the ballet world. Up until 1681 all of the female ballet roles were played by men. Many people fell in love with ballet. George Balanchine brought ballet to America.
Ballet is a beautiful and romantic type of performance art. It originated in the Italian court systems in the 15th century (Jonas). Since its origination, ballet has undergone many changes and gained worldwide recognition. Filled with elaborate costumes, cheering audiences, lights, weightless movements and beauty; ballet is admired by many. On the magical stage ballerinas can become whoever they wan to be, and perform in a world of fantasy. For these reasons, children, especially little girls, all over the world dream of becoming ballerinas when they grow up. However, becoming a professional ballerina is an extremely difficult accomplishment, in which few will achieve (Kelso 1). The world of ballet may seem to be filled with glitz and glamor but, behind the curtain there is an entirely different story. There are extreme demands and pressures put on these young dancers to be very thin and nearly perfect. Some of which include body and weight demands, competition, and social pressures. These constant pressures can lead to a negative body-image and even debilitating eating disorders (Price and Pettijohn).
The world of sports and athletics has become inundated with ways to get fit, trim fat and build muscle. The truth be told there are no quick fixes or workout plans that work the exact same for everyone. Many factors play into the effectiveness of a successful workout program. There are just as many techniques of working out as there are factors to success. Finding which workout technics work for each athlete or client can be the difference between mediocre progress and phenomenal progress. A few of the workout technics that stand out amongst the pack are Forced Repetitions, Periodization (cycling), Pyramid System and last but certainly not lest Super Sets. The afore mentioned techniques span beyond the basic iron pumping mentality of weight training and narrows the scope of training down to a more scientific application. For the purpose of this research a more in-depth look will be taken into each technique and then further identify any similarities and or contrasts.
All across the world, millions of athletes are attempting a number of different avenues to get that extra edge. Some use ergogenic aids, others use a wide variety of training additives, but almost all intermediate and advanced athletes have at one point or the other, used the training principles that will be discussed in this body of work. Those principles include: Super sets, Forced-repetitions, Pyramid systems, and Periodization. The first principle of supersets is likely the most used by the average athlete in the gym. It is performed in a number of manners either utilizing antagonizing muscles or using the same muscles. Forced repetitions is one of the more debated advance training principles, as to
Physiological responses can be analysed in the term of immediate (acute) or long term (chronic) responses. Training routines are aimed at improving both of these. Acute responses are considered to be fast acting, therefore, they are called immediate while long term responses influence the athlete’s performance (Steele J, 2012). Chronic responses which also comes under the word of adaptations, and happens when training occurs, the changes are permanent while an athlete