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How to manage diversity in a classroom
How to manage diversity in a classroom
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Mathematics education has undergone many changes over the last several years. Some of these changes include the key concepts all students must master and how they are taught. According to Jacob Vigdor, the concerns about students’ math achievements have always been apparent. A few reasons that are negatively impacting the productivity of students’ math achievements are historical events that influenced mathematics, how math is being taught, and differentiation of curriculum.
Basics. Many people in the United States believe that the most important aspect in raising the overall math achievement rates is going back to the basics. I agree with this viewpoint. Before the Space Race occurred, teachers focused on the basic fundamentals of mathematics.
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The pressure endured by teachers and school districts resulted in teachers “teaching to the test”. Teaching to the test became very noticeable and common when No Child Left Behind was established. When a teacher takes this approach in teaching students mathematics, the students are required to learn quickly (because there is a lot of information to be learned), and as a result of learning quickly, they often find themselves wondering how they arrived at the correct answer. Mathematics can always be explained why they work. If students can make sense of what they are doing, and not just memorize the procedure, they will enjoy the content they are studying and develop an appreciation for it. In return, more students will want to pursue math careers because they know that math can be used to solve problems they may be curious about.
A possible solution to this recent problem is the necessary approach taken by the teacher. Teachers should not only focus on what should be taught, but how the concept is taught. Colleges and universities are to be blamed for the teachers not knowing how to teach a
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Every child is unique in many ways, such as the way they learn, personality, and hobbies. All students learn at a different rate and different teaching methods make sense to certain students. Expecting all students to master a given subject at a given grade level is ridiculous. It is important that all students know the fundamentals of math and why they work, but it is necessary to allow for some differences in the courses taken to accomplish these goals. In the past, students were often tracked based on their career aspirations or ability levels. Today, all students are expected to master the material needed to enter a four-year college. This has forced teachers to differentiate less, “dumb-down” the curriculum for high achieving students, and cause much frustration for struggling students. Differentiating curriculum will enable students to act on their curiosities in areas that interest them. In the end, all students will be more successful in the careers they
Herring, C. (2010, March 8). Schools’ new math: the four-day week. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://www.online.wsj.com
United States. National Center for Education Statistics. Long-Term Trends in Student Mathematics Performance. Sep. 1998. Web. 2 May 2009. .
The article “Tying It All Together” by Jennifer M. Suh examines several practices that help students to develop mathematical proficiency. It began with a mathematics teacher explaining that her students began the year struggling to understand basic mathematics concepts, but after implementing the following practices into the classroom throughout the year, the students began to enjoy mathematics and have a better understanding of math concepts.
Teachers and textbooks present math as a settled notion, but mathematics is the exact opposite for it is continually discovered. “School mathematics is largely made up of a sequence of facts and rules, facts which are certain rules which come from a higher authority and cannot be questioned. It treats mathematical matters as completely settled. Mathematics is not settled”, exclaims Jordan Ellenberg. For this reason, students view math as a set of regulations rather than the structure of their entire lives. Jordan Ellenberg speaks of the dangers of modern math saying, “If we settle on a vision of mathematics that consists of getting the answer right and no more, and test for that, we run the risk of creating students who test very well but know no mathematics at all.” Apparently, Common Core Standards does not require teachers to instruct students mathematics with meaning, but rather let the teacher choose their strategies which will ultimately lead to a complex idea of
Today, schools in Oklahoma are being graded largely on their students’ achievement levels in four core curriculum subject areas (Oklahoma State Department, 2014). If a student fails to gain the knowledge needed in only one content area each year, then by the end of 5th grade he or she could possibly be behind in six content areas or be six years behind in one area. A number of students come into (6th grade) middle school math classes without the necessary math skills to begin the state core curriculum for their grade level (O’Byrne, Securro, Jones, Cadle, 2006 ). Oklahoma’s 6th grade math curriculum has definite expectations that must be met before a student can begin the curriculum and expect to have any success. Students entering 6th grade are expected to be proficient in operations with fractions and decimals (Oklahoma Academic Standards, 2014). During sixth grade students will learn to evaluate expressions and solve equations that contain fractions and decimals (Oklahoma Academic Standards, 2014). A need exists to find the best method to identify the students with deficiencies and address those deficiencies by adjusting instructional strategies at the beginning of the school year in order to give those students an opportunity to be successful in class and to score at the proficient level on state tests.
Stigler, James W., Lee, Shin-Ying & Stevenson, Harold W. (1987). Mathematics Classrooms in Japan, Taiwan, and the United States. Child Development, 58, 1272-1285.
Steen, Lynn Arthur . "Integrating School Science and Mathematics: Fad or Folly?." St. Olaf College. (1999): n. page. Web. 12 Dec. 2013..
Also while United state’s eighth-graders already rank lower in math than students in five other “the results of a report issued by trends in international Mathematics and Science study (TIMSS) reveal that US eighth-graders ranked lower in math than students in five other countries, whi...
With this promise came serious concerns over education taught students ranked 28th in the United States out of 40 other countries in Mathematics and Sciences. 80% of occupations depend on knowledge of Mathematics and Science (Week and Obama 2009). In order to ensure that educators have enough money to fund the endeavor to be more competitive with the rest of the world in Mathematics and Science, President Obama will increase federal spending in education with an additional 18 billion dollars in k-12 classrooms, guaranteeing educators have the teachers, technology, and professional development to attain highly quali...
Sherley, B., Clark, M. & Higgins, J. (2008) School readiness: what do teachers expect of children in mathematics on school entry?, in Goos, M., Brown, R. & Makar, K. (eds.) Mathematics education research: navigating: proceedings of the 31st annual conference of the Mathematics Education Research Group of Australia, Brisbane, Qld: MERGA INC., pp.461-465.
When teaching mathematics to children the teacher’s enthusiasm can determine whether or not the child's math experience is negative or positive. For instance if you do not like math chances are, it will show up in the activities that you prepare for the child, as well as the way you go about a question because the children will sense your frustration that you have for math. If a teacher likes math on the other hand the activities will be well thought out, and the children will be able to ask questions without having the feeling that the teacher is frustrated because they are giving off a positive attitude. This is what shapes the person's feelings towards math, how good of a math teacher one is, and how whether or not the person's experience is negative or positive.
Skemp, R (2002). Mathematics in the Primary School. 2nd ed. London: Taylor and Francis .
...S. and Stepelman, J. (2010). Teaching Secondary Mathematics: Techniques and Enrichment Units. 8th Ed. Merrill Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Logic and mathematics starting with basic arithmetic showed me how to follow steps, one at a time and one after another, to arrive at the results, one step at a time and after another. I learned that an error in one step will make all the following steps and results wrong. Mathematics like any other rule and pattern based discipline may show through experience and trial or error, how to solve problems first by following given methods and later, if needed, by combining and exploring different methods.
Allowing children to learn mathematics through all facets of development – physical, intellectual, emotional and social - will maximize their exposure to mathematical concepts and problem solving. Additionally, mathematics needs to be integrated into the entire curriculum in a coherent manner that takes into account the relationships and sequences of major mathematical ideas. The curriculum should be developmentally appropriate to the