Nowadays, many applications for learning using ASR system. ASR can capture children's interest and engaged them in their learning (Husniza. H, Fauziah. A.R., Sobihatun. N.A.S., 2012). ASR also can increase the quality of learning and teaching help make sure e-learning is accessible to all through the cost-effective production of synchronized and captioned multimedia ( Mike. W., 2002). So, IMELDA is one of application using ASR technologies to help challenging young children in primary school in Malaysia. IMELDA was encouraging children to interest in learning English. However, during testing IMELDA at school for six children from primary school some limitation be found in this ASR system that affect accuracy. In order to ensuring this application using ASR technology work properly, it need be able to handle any of the possible caused affect performance an ASR engine (Victoria. Y., 2012). The theory of the literature reviewed relationship between ASR recognition performance as measured by the accuracy where % of the word correct, divided by the total number of words used. ACCURACY OF ASR The accuracy ASR is a challenging problem to handle for Automatic speech recognition system. This difficulty causes from some factor . According Victoria Y (2012) these error are caused by two factors: external and internal factors. An external factor which is noise environment and internal factor from error of components and language model (LM) by ASR system. In IMELDA factor causes ASR problem from both (e.g. Child's voice, noise environment, pronunciation error and language model (LM) used in IMELDA not suitable for L2. Noise environment The noise in the environment is one of the external factors that determine th... ... middle of paper ... ...ion error happens when younger children may not have a correct pronunciation. Furthermore, the model an ASR engine in IMELDA not suitable for children L2 because the phonetic from children L2 is different with children L1. Sometimes young children not known how to articulate specific phonemes (Schotz, 2001). Almost speech recognition system develops using English language. Thus, ASR system gives it problem for children L2 especially in accuracy because style pronunciation English language is different compare children L1. According to Muhirwe. J (2005) to build speech engine we need a corpus. Speech corpus can get from collections of text and speech and both are used basis of the statistic processing of natural language processing (NLP). Cole et al., (1994) also state to develop a speech corpus may involve data collection and transcription.
I became inspired to become a speech-language pathologist when I first watched the film, Paulie. This film depicted a small girl, named Marie that had a speech impediment, which caused her to stutter. In order to improve Marie’s speech her mother would pronounce certain sounds and practice daily with her. While watching this film I began to realize that there is a number of individuals in our population that have different speech impairments. As I noticed how the character of Marie struggled with her speech impairment I sought to research the different treatments for individuals similar to Marie, and came across speech therapy and speech-language pathologists. I have always been fascinated by language and how it is essential in communication. I view speech-language pathologists as having a major role in helping
Automatic speech recognition is the most successful and accurate of these applications. It is currently making a use of a technique called “shadowing” or sometimes called “voicewriting.” Rather than have the speaker’s speech directly transcribed by the system, a hearing person whose speech is well-trained to an ASR system repeats the words being spoken.
The article begins by defining phonemic awareness and gives examples which gave me a better grasp of the topic. Phonemic awareness gives a person the ability to hear the difference between sounds in words even when they sound similar such as the words “sat” and “sit”. Phonemic awareness is a division of the larg...
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (November 2002). Retrieved October 17, 2004, from http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing/coch.asp
Language is integral to learning as it is linked to our thoughts. It helps us to organise our thoughts in an organised way. If a child has difficulties in communicating with others due to a speech and language delay or disorder, they will not be working to their full potential, as they will be less able to organise their thought processes and express themselves. This becomes even more of a problem as children become older and the curriculum becomes more demanding, the use of rational and abstract thinking will become more important, hence the importance of early detection and intervention. The early years are a time of rapid learning and development, therefore the earlier the diagnosis of delayed language acquisition, the easier it will be for professionals and others to target the childâ€TMs needs so that they are able to give appropriate support, thus benefiting the
The Phonological Components Analysis treatment program is an Internet-based program designed to improve naming deficits in individuals with aphasia. This audio program was accessed remotely by both the participant and the clinician. The clinician presented pictures and target words on the computer screen which included a question for the participant to answer, such as “What sound does this picture end with?” Then results for the three usability elements were
This research is intended to analyze the transcript of a child’s speech. The target child is a female named Majorie who is 2 years and 3 months old. The transcript is from The Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. The linguistic aspects that will be examined are the phonological processes of the child including speech errors, syllable shapes, and her phonetic inventory consisting of manner and place of articulation. Included in the analysis will be her stage and development of lexical knowledge and what words she uses.
Issues with her fine motor skills; and expressive aphasia, even more critical, results in the inability to verbalize sound. This makes it difficult for her to perform speech discrimination testing. The reason why this patient would have difficulty with speech discrimination is not due to inability to understand speech but rather to produce it. Although the client is able to hear and comprehend speech, she is not able to create it so being tested by using speech stimuli would prove to be unbeneficial and also produce false results of the patients ability to understand
McCleery et al. (2006) studied the speech sound development of minimally verbal and nonverbal children with ASD and compared their development to typically developing children who were matched for language production and comprehension skills. Their findings indicate that children with ASD, even those that are severely language delayed, show the same general consonant production patterns as typically developing children. Moreover, the production pattern of children with ASD is practically identical for sounds produced spontaneously and sounds produced in imitation....
Speech Language Pathology helps solve or improve situations with language and speech. Some of the things that works are: articulation, fluency, and oral motor disorders. In the articulation disorders we can found: the difficulties in producing sound and the correct pronunciation of words. In the other hand the fluency and the oral motor disorders we found di...
The portions of the test gather both qualitative and quantitative data. One big difference is the evaluation scoring. The examiner uses clinical judgment to rate the presence and severity of impairments on a five-point scale (0 “normal,” 0.5 “questionable/very mild,” 1 “mild,” 2 “moderate,” and 3 “severe”) within thirteen specific domains of speech and language (Sapolsky et al., 2014, p. 4). The scores are meant to reflect the examinee’s current functioning level and to be used to compare results over time. The PASS helps monitor the new problems emerging too. It helps indicate the strengths and weaknesses at baseline and following evaluations. Another difference is the examinees are encouraged to use their most functional modality to respond to all questions. This allows the examiner to determine appropriate, compensatory, and adaptive strategies functional communication domains. PASS involves quantification of symptom severity using information for language test performance measures, as well as the judgment of the examiner. This is similar to many other Aphasia tests; however, the PASS correlates the severity and location of atrophy in regions important for functional communication. This tool can also be used as a systematic approach without a standardized assessment. (Sapolsky et al., 2014; Croot, 2014; Dickerson, 2011; Chapey,
Child development language is a process by which children come to communicate and understand language during early childhood. This usually occurs from birth up to the age of five. The rate of development is usually fast during this period. However, the pace and age of language development vary greatly among children. Thus, the language development of a child is usually compared with norms rather than with other individual children. It is scientifically proven that development of girls language is usually at a faster rate than that of boys. (Berk, 2010) In other terms language development is also a crucial factor that reflects the growth and maturation of the brain. However, this development usually retards after the age of five making it very difficult for most children to continue learning language. There are two major types of language development in children. These include referential and expressive language development styles. In referential language development, children often first speak single words and then join the words together, first into –word sentences and then into th...
The field of voice recognition systems began with the development of speech synthesis. The first product on the market that used speech synthesis to “talk” to the user was the Speak & Spell, which was introduced in 1978. It was the first device to use a digital signal processor (DSP), a specialized integrated circuit that executes algorithms in real time. The DSP enabled the duplication of human speech by using linear predictive coding to formulate a mathematical model of a human vocal tract. The model could predict a speech sample based on previous input (Goff).
For a learner, it often seems natural to seek perfection of the language (Bygate 2000:30). They may try to convey the message using a full sentence and complex constructions. The speech of lower level speakers isn’t filled with reduced forms such as contraction, elision, assimilation, and reduction. They may not use weak forms, linking, assimilation or intrusion and consider reduced forms as signs of lazy or careless English. Though appropriate in written language, and to a certain extent in short-turn formal speech, such language may sound too formal in everyday conversations, causing unfriendliness and hostility from the listener. Moreover, they are unable to understand natural spoken language.
Phonetics and phonology have many possible applications both in theory and practice. Speech and speakers recognition and speakers synth...