The country of Austria is a landlocked country located in central Europe, just north of Italy and Slovenia. Austria also borders Germany, Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Switzerland, and Lichtenstein. In comparison to the United States, Austria is about the size of Maine at 83,870 square kilometers. The terrain includes mountains, or the Alps, in the South and West, and flat land in the North and East (“Austria”). Mountains cover about three-fourths of the country. Austria is also known for its many valleys, lakes, and forests (Beller). The climate is temperate, with moderate summers and cold winters. Both seasons receive regular rain, except for frequent snow in the Alps during winter. The majority of the population lives in the Northeast flatland due to the poor soil and steepness of the mountain region. The Danube River runs through the northern part of the country with the capital, Vienna, on its banks (“Austria”).
People began migrating to the current land of Austria as early as 800 B.C. It was finally a conquered land in 15 B.C. when the Romans gained control of the area south of the Danube. When the western part of the Roman Empire fell in 476, German tribes invaded Austria. At the end of the eighth century, Charlemagne ruled the country. Later, Otto I of Germany governed Austria and became the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, leading Austria to become the most important area in the territory. The Austrian region became a duchy, or a land ruled by a duke, and was controlled by the Habsburg family, who ruled from 1273 until 1919. In 1867, the famous dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary took form. Hungary was in search of greater status, and Austria found the solution by joining with Hungary. The two countries were integrat...
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... some pretty unique attributes to their celebration (“Austrian Traditions”).
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Beller, Steven. “Austria.” World Book Student. World Book, 2011. Web. 9 December 2011.
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“Sharp decrease in number of Austrians leaving Catholic Church.” NCTimes. North County Times, Escondido, CA, 2011.Web. 18 December 2011.
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Wolfsgrüber, Cölestin. “The Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.” The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 18 December 2011
...s for more liberal reforms, helping the conservatives. This also helped show how paranoid the government was of potential rebellion against them and how pragmatic they were. Then throughout 1848, there was a multitude of rebellions and when the dust settled it seemed as if the Austrian government was going to lose it was able to get back up and fight back with the help of the Russians and get back control for the conservatives. By the end of 1851 Austria was able to remain a strong conservative dual monarchy, a concession made to appease the Magyars, but their king still had to report to the Austrian king. Throughout 1815-1851 there were many demands for more liberal reforms and strong opponents of conservatism, but by the end on 1851 Austria, Prussia, and France were still some of the few nations where conservatism was able to achieve its goals and stay in power.
Further, Count von Beust voices his intentions to reinstate the Hungarian empire by stating, “The leading principles of my plan are, not the creation of a new kingdom and a new Constitution, but the resurrection of an old monarchy and an old Constitution; not the separation of one part of the empire from the other, but the drawing together of the two component parts by the recognition of their joint positions…” Beust specifically states that he attends for the
He was always hostile to the Magyars, and there was no secret about his association with the so-called policy of Trialism, which aims ostensibly at adding to the Dual Monarchy a third great Slav State. Yet there were limitations to the Archduke’s leanings towards the Southern. He had a good deal to do with the capture of Bosnia and the Herzegovina in 1908, and could he have had his way the change would have been made earlier.
The Austro-Hungarian Red Book. Section 1, Nos- 1-19, Appendices 1 and 2, 1914. The Great War Primary Documents Archive, Inc. 1995
Disputes between Austria-Hungary and Serbia provided a basis for the archduke’s assassination. By the Treaty of Berlin in 1878, Austria-Hungary was permitted to occupy and administer Bosnia and Herzegovina. When Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia in 1908, it stirred an upsetting reaction from the West, and many Serbians wanted a pan-Slav state directed by Serbia, a province that had better relations with Russia than with Austro-Hungary. Serbia protested for independence and Serbian newspapers demanded a strip of territory extending across Novi-Bazar and Bosnia-Herzegovina to the Adriatic. The Government of the Dual Monarchy refused to receive the Serbian protest by denying that Serbia had any right to raise question the annexation. Austria-Hungary, which was a dynastic empire, comprising of many different races, hated Pan Slavism, the nationalism which Slav races of the Balkan aspire to set up in their own nation-states. Austro-Hungarians felt the threat of losing the southern territories inhabited by Slavs to Serbia as imminent. As a result, Dimitrijevic planned to assassinate Archduke ...
Kaiser, Thomas. "From the Austrian Committee to the Foreign Plot: Marie-Antoinette, Austrophobia, and the Terror." French Historical Studies 26, no. 4 (2003): 579. http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy2.apus.edu (accessed September 22, 2010).
...st number of followers. The staunch Christians have reduced and the few remaining are either partial or affiliates in terms of family or baptismal names.
On March 12th, 1938, Austria was Annexed By Nazi Germany. Austria Gladly let Nazi Germany take over. It happened because the Nazis were super influential. They were so influential they banned all other political party except one which was Christian Social Party. One of the failed Austrian Nazi party was murdered so
The Habsburg Monarchy first had to deal with the Magyar demands of autonomy which culminated into the Compromise of 1867. From then the Emperor Francis Joseph would have the title of King of Hungary. This dual monarchy was to be a success in satisfying both the Habsburgs and the Magyars but had the effect of causing both disappointment and resentment to the significant national minorities in the empire. The Habsburg Monarchy managed to appease many nationalities such as the Poles and Italians (though they had always strived for a unified Italy) by giving them a favoured position in the empire, in which their nobility and relative autonomy was sustained. I will split this answer up into two sections; the Cisleithanian (Austrian) and the Hungarian parts of the empire. Both dealt with the nationalities within their borders differently and consequently were faced with varied political parties representing the demands of their group. The Habsburg Monarchy ruled over a nations of poor, more backward countries of Europe; and in an age where small countries tend to get absorbed by their more powerful neighbours, national minorities were more willing to remain part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Sked points out that the majority of important political movements did not want a break from the Monarchy; rather they wanted either reforms such as the use of their cultural language in schools or proportionate representation in government. Another reason for the lack of any real demand for sovereignty within the empire by its various national minorities is that the division between the Slavs (which constituted roughly half the total population) meant they were unable to exert any real power as a unified nation.
Two major European states played an increasingly important role in European international politics: Prussia and the Austrian Empire of the Hapsburgs. Frederick William I and Frederick II, were two prussian kings who made the army and the bureaucracies, two institutions that were very important in Prussia. Frederick II (1740-1786), was well educated and was influenced and educated in the enlightenment. He established a single code of laws for his territories that got rid of torture, with a few exceptions, and also granted limited freedom of speech and other freedoms. The city of Vienna was filled with art and detailed structures that were built in the baroque style, which made it the music capital of Europe. Catherine the Great was one of the
Austria was formed during the Napoleonic Wars. Napoleon I, leader of the wars, had conquered the Roman Empire in 1804. Austria feared that Napoleon I was going to attack the country. As a result, Austria banded with other regions, forming the Austrian Empire. Near the end of the Wars, the Austrian Empire demonstrated that it was one of the most powerful forces, which also included the Kingdom of Hungary. The Empire was fraught with internal problems. The Magyars, the original rulers of Hungary, demanded more control, while the regions within the Empire demanded independence. However, the majority of the Habsburg government in Austria showed that the emperor had commanding power, which was not to be shared
After battles in 1761–1762 went well for Russian and Austrian forces, in January 1763 Russia had suddenly abandoned Austria after the rise of Peter III who recalled his army from within Berlin and Pomerania upon the death of Queen Elizabeth of Russia
It’s in the east part of Austria and shares borders with Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. It has the second largest number of German speakers after Berlin. Before Vienna came into being, it was controlled by a Celtic settlement called Vindobona, later it was taken over by the Romans and then turned into a military camp. (Vienna). It is also a place of historic architecture and cosmopolitan living. The Waltz is a big part of the Austrian culture. In an Austrian wedding ceremony, the Waltz is the first dance performed by the bride and the
Under the rule at the time of the assassination, the old Austrio-Hungarian Empire was built by conquest and intrigues, by sales and treacheries (The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand). Franz Ferdinand was a man who many believed would make this empire even more harsh and oppressive and these people fought against such an outcome. However, it has been noted by some that the changes Ferdinand wished to implement may have saved the nation, but while such radical reforms might have saved the empire, they were not popular among those with vested interests in the existing structure (Franz Ferdinand).
The Congress of Vienna in 1814-15 created the so-called German Confederation under Austrian and Prussian hegemony, but this unit disappointed the dreams of nationalists. The rivalry of Austria and Prussia paralyzed it in a way comparable to the effects of Soviet-American dualism on the United Nations during the Cold War. Almost everywhere, the old rulers repressed the nationalist movement after 1815. The German princes realized that nationalism required ...