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National development in Nigeria
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Recommended: National development in Nigeria
An Overview of Nigerian Venture Capital and Private Equity
Executive Summary
Nigeria is facing an uncertain future as outbreaks of ethnic and religious violence
continue to place strains on Africa’s most populated country. With the 2003 elections
approaching, the continuing battle amongst incumbent politicians and between competing
ethnic and regional groups is likely to intensify. Such an environment will test Nigeria’s
fragile democracy, which has never witnessed a hand over from one civilian government
to another. The Nigerian government is expected to continue with economic
liberalization, at a slow pace. The government’s main challenges will be to curb
spending, increase the pace of its privatization program, liberalize domestic fuel
subsidies, improve the nation’s infrastructure and improve homeland security.
The challenges and constraints that private equity investors face in Nigeria can be
grouped into three areas:
· Macro/country factors,
· Industry-specific factors,
· Company-specific factors.
The fact that majority of the capital funds was in the form of portfolio capital instead of foreign direct investment (FDI) had also worsen the situation. The ratio of portfolio capital to FDI had increased substantially from 1:1.3 in 1990 to 1:6.5 in 1993. Given the volatile nature, portfolio capital tends to respond with greater speed to changes in the environment.
Niger, home of the free flowing Niger River, is a Sub-Saharan, western African nation. Sadly, it is an extremely poor country because part of the country is desert and less than 3% open for crop use. The present economic situation is bleak at best. Yet, the vibrant tradition and history of this country lives today in its tribes and its people even through all of its adversities. From severe droughts to military coups to a dysfunctional government to the culture has stayed strong.
At the same time, investment funds seek to raise funds to enable increased Brazilian investment in Africa. In this sense, the Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV Projects) aims to raise funds of approximately $ 1 billion for the development of agricultural projects. DWS Investments, manager owned by the German Deutsche Bank, coordinate the fund. Moreover, in June 2012, BTG Pactual, the largest investment bank in Brazil, also announced plans to raise $ 1 billion and create a ’world’ investment fund to Africa, for areas such as infrastructure, energy and agriculture.
Crowdfunding websites offer feasibility, convenience, and popularity on a global reach, thus catering to the needs and functionality of members on a large scale. Kickstarter is a crowdfunding platform that allows filmmakers, musicians, artists, designers, and anyone attempting to generate funding for a creative project to gain access to a supportive community willing to pledge money. As an artist, using a service like Kickstarter is crucial if the opportune moment presents itself with attention from fans and journalists, especially if the media attention is available to the public. To utilize a crowdfunding website such as Kickstarter when attention exists on a particular artist creates a sense of investment and community between fans and the producer of the project, thus aiding in the consumption and circulation of an artist’s project throughout the net. Therefore, this paper will argue the wide range of support and backing of fans for an artist’s work makes the benefits of involving users outweigh the disadvantages of involving users in the platform process. Users engaged in Kickstarter offer a sense of community created through fans, a donator sense of investment in the project, and if successful, a sense of reward. Whereas the disadvantages of using a Kickerstarter platform runs a risk of failure if the project does not succeed, possible disappointment and anger with fans, and potential legal issues.
The form of the additional capital funding (i.e. equity vs loan) has no tangible impact on SJKII and Fosun’s voting power since Fosun and SJKII are the majority shareholders and the debtors.
7. U.S. Department of State. 2013. “2013 Investment Climate Report.” U.S Department of State, (Accessed 12 December 2013), .
According to the IMF China has the world`s largest purchasing power parity and as by 2015, it was the world’s second largest economy with growth rates averaging about 10% annually. This environment has generated the development of multinational companies which are keen to maximize their economies of scale and economies of scope through expansion and setting up in new countries. In view of that, Sub Saharan Africa which also has some
In a comparative light there seems to be significant problems, or obstacles, for African-American entrepreneurs. These problems are categorized by environmental factors, opportunity factors, and issues related to capital. The purpose of this paper is to provide sociological, and economical insight to the plight of African-American entrepreneurs. There is an effort to trace the development of African-American entrepreneurship throughout American history, in the post-reconstruction era to the present, in relationship to social conditions of discrimination. Uniquely, African-American entrepreneurs are involved in the affirmation of a paradox of American ideology. African-American entrepreneurs, in pursuit of the American dream, have been taught to stress individual success where what is needed is communal solidarity to foster access to the things that they have been categorically denied.
...onsider the market characteristics as not important. Hoel, unlike others mentions that a good location is also an important factor for success as it helps in hiring good professionals.
Some other cons and challenges of doing business in Nigeria that also affects this group are; lack of infrastructure, poor power supply, inadequate security, inconsistent government policies, transportation challenges, inability to access funds and lack of government support.
Adelman, P. J., & Marks, A. M. (2010). Entrepreneurial finance. (5 ed.). Bedford, Texas: Prentice Hall.
The main areas that needs to be investigated as a potential investor in one of the emerging markets is to see wither the investment is profiting the community it should serve the community as a whole, without the concept of corporation we wont have the ci...
... Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, 8(3), 77-88. Retrieved September 22, 2011, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 2349548361).
standards, catch up with the trends and produce tax revenues. The importance of equity investors
Corporate Entrepreneurship can be seen as the process whereby an individual or a group creates a new venture within an existing organization, revitalizes and renews an organization ,or innovates. Zahra’s(1986) definition of corporate entrepreneurship suggests a formal or informal activity aimed at creating new businesses in established firms through product and process innovations and market developments,whereas sathe(1985) defines corporate entrepreneurship as a process of organizational renewal. Corporate Entrepreneurship has emerged as a much needed ingredient contributing towards the growth of any organization under a changing business environment.