Moral Responsibility In Herman Melville's Billy Budd

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Throughout our history, we have repeatedly tried to exploit the environment (i.e. nature) in order to perfect our lives. We not only manipulated the materialistic and economic aspect of our world, but we have also struggled to use the moral and the spiritual in making progress within ourselves. Instead of relying on ourselves to accomplish this purpose, we have unfortunately sought help from society's traditional institutions. These institutions, in turn, have tired to manipulate us for their own good, resulting in more harm than help. During the nineteenth century, authors such as Emily Dickinson, Herman Melville, and Nathaniel Hawthorne recognized this and have tried to stop it through their writings. To this end, they have adopted Ralph …show more content…

No one is his own sire." Thus, his writings both mimic Emerson's views and repel it. For example, Emerson believed that "society everywhere is in conspiracy against the manhood of everyone of its members." While this might be true, Melville depicts an individual has no power in his/her society. To illustrate this, in Billy Budd, the sense of moral commitment over riding professional responsibility is almost none existent. After Billy kills Claggart for spreading blasphemous information about him, he is sentenced to hang. Although Captain Vere understands that the punishment for death is death, he justifies the court's decision of hanging Billy by saying that because of "military necessity so heavy a compulsion is laid." In actuality, before the court even meets, Captain Vere has decided that Billy must hang and in turn he uses his powers to manipulate the court's decision. Thus, justice is denied for someone in order to appease naval law. Captain Vere overlooked his moral obligations of not interfering and, instead, help his professional responsibility higher. Melville believed in this. He believed that the evil in people disguised as hypocrisy has found a comfortable niche for it in the world in humans' hearts. Interestingly, evil is not left unpunished, as we see in Billy Budd, Captian Vere, who killed Budd to prevent a mutiny, …show more content…

I believe her poems lack the ebullience of Emerson's writings. However, like Emerson, her poems exhibit the significance of disqualifying society's "dos and don'ts" (i.e. traditional rules) and, instead, confirming the importance of an individual's soul and morals. One can see that Dickinson has lived by these views not only in her poems, but also in her life. For example, she was an educated woman. As such, she refused to be inferior in a male-dominated society. Like Emerson, she believed that "Whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist." For instance, in her poem, "Much Madness is divinest Sense--," she explains how the rule of the majority can become a form of tyranny in her image of "handled with a chain." One can see how true this image was in recent history. When the Grand Old Party wanted Bill Clinton out of office, they used their majority rule to repress the minority's rights, in turn, becoming tyrants. She also strongly believed that "the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude." Although this image might be realistically difficult, it is none the less

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