Beowulf Links Pagan and Christian Traditions "Beowulf" is a link between two traditions, Pagan and the Christian. The virtues of courage in war and the acceptance of feuds between men and countries as a fact of life stem from the older Pagan tradition. On the other hand Christianity's moralities are based meekness and poverty. "Beowulf" brings this two convictions together through the actions of the characters. Even though Beowulf possesses spiritual strength, he isn't particularly concerned with the Christian virtues. He wants to help people, in a Christian way, but his motivation for doing so is complicated. Beowulf has a eagerness for material rewards and earthly fame which is a characteristic of Paganism. Beowulf had the heart of the Christian to help people but wants the selfish rewards of Paganism. Shild's funeral is another example of Paganism, it takes place at the end of the prologue. The people that were under his reign put him on the deck of a ship and surrounded him with jewels, gold, helmets, swords, etc. The importance of material goods are one of the cardinal characteristics of the Pagan's beliefs. Hrothgar and his counselors make useless attempts to appease Grendel in Verse 2. They can't offer him gold or land, as they might an ordinary enemy. Like most people in a time of crisis they slip back into old ways of thinking. Instead of praying to God for support, they sacrifice to t he stone idols of their pagan past. The Christian motifs that run through the poem contrast with the pagan system of values that underlies the actions of the kings and the warriors. The influence of Christianity was just beginning to make its mark in this world, and most of the characters are torn between their newly discovered religious feelings and their old, heathen way of perceiving things. The idea that there's a higher being that controls one's actions revolutionized people's concepts of themselves, and infused their day-to- day lives with a sense of wonder. "Beowulf" is a epic poem that combines the contrasting beliefs of the traditional Paganism and the modern assessment of Christianity. The majority of the characters in "Beowulf" are Pagans which is based of the belief of many gods (polytheism). As shown in the prologue. Many characters were petrified of the newly uprising of the monotheism (belief in one god) which was present in Christianity. Due to this fear Christianity was not highly thought of in the poem even though the poem was hand written by the monks of the Christian religion.
throne, and only wanted to find a faster way to obtain that authority, thus he
support and troops and went to Rome to make his adoption official. When he got to
by his wife -- but still, we respect his perspective as the shade of a great king --
Four Management functions are planning: determined goals and policies and procedures, Organizing: est. structure to carry out plans, Staffing, Directing: human resources, Controlling: appraisals, quality control.
Teams can enjoy a significant competitive advantage over individual employees in any organization through the facilitation of trusting, open, and supportive relationships. This advantage helps to foster collaboration in the organization. Trust is the basis and most common and ôfundamental element of a winning teamö (Kouzes and Posner, 2007, p.225). Literature suggests that ôpositive relationships help produce effective teamsö (Lafasto & Larson, in Pierce & Newstrom (Eds.), 2008, p160). Successful cooperation will enable individuals in team to accomplish much more than any one person could do alone.
by his wife and the witches to kill the King. He then became the King
The forward Currency Exchange Market allows interested parties to trade forward contracts on currencies (Madura, 2006, p117). Forward contracts are an agreement between a firm and a commercial bank to exchange a specified amount of currency, at a specified exchange rate and on a specified date. Forward contracts are being used around the world to mitigate the risk of wildly fluctuating foreign exchange rates in day to day business transactions. Firms use the forward contracts when they know they will need a certain amount of foreign currency at a set date in the future, it allows them to lock in a future exchange rate (Wikipedia, 2006).
Because he is an abomination that has been exiled from man by God, Grendel lives in the darkness. He constantly hears the sounds of celebration coming from the mead hall full of warriors causing him to cringe. The demon waits till darkness has fallen, then he strikes on the slumbering soldiers. He slaughters thirteen men and takes them to his lair, leaving a trail of blood from behind. In the morning Hrothgar, the warriors’ lord, mourns over his lost men. Grendel continues to attack until the only men left were those who had fled. A man from Geatland, said to be mightier than anyone else in the world, hears of Hrothgar’s struggle; his name is Beowulf. Beowulf gathers his strongest men and takes a boat to go execute Grendel. From the very first description, Beowulf is described as an epic hero. He is mightier than all others before him, is a leader and takes charge, and is brave enough to go face against
One thing a successful company has is a great staff filled with people in working in different areas, all doing their best to keep the business moving forward. Like an army, the staff does need a leader, or maybe a few, to make sure that everyone in the business is organized, informed and all moving toward the goal of the company. Some people may think that this person is the owner but most of the time this person is the manager. Successful managers must know, and be able to apply the four functions of management: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling, to their daily work routine.
him to a tragic end of his own life, and also caused the deaths of
Utilizing the management function of organization is one that allows for businesses to operate smoother and be more productive. The author stated that due to the increased social and economic/environmental changes comes the need for new approaches to being organized. The author defined organizing as the management job dealing with the arrangement of activities and resources for the business. Organizations have multiple purposes such as separating work by specific jobs and responsibilities, coordinating diverse tasks, and establishing authority. Most organized managers will incorporate organizational charts to their business. These charts are designed to give the business an ordered way of showing authority (right of a manager to tell you what to do), responsibility (managers duties) and unity of command (how well others work with commands). When this chart is utilized the business is able to increase its efficiency due to everyone knowing his or her place and responsibilities within that
The concept of management within an organization typically occurs in an organizational setting. Organizations compromise a group of individuals who work together toward common goals. The concept of management within an organization can also be looked upon as a context as well as a process. Within the process of management there are four major functions planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
Management is not just about making decisions, watching over employees, and bossing others around. Good management result is satisfied customers, who provide better customer service. In order for new managers to be successful they need to be about to have good communication, human skills, and ability to motivate others. The ability to do these skills effectively makes a big difference in a manager and the company’s overall success. Companies depend on managers to fulfill skills and knowledge to help their company excel. The knowledge managers need to possess is technological inclined and globalization. Effective management can enhance a company’s performance by contributing to employees and customer satisfaction, productivity, development (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, & Wright, 2010).
function, managers need to analyse how activities and resources are to be grouped and carry out plans successfully (Bartol 2007). A manager have to understand their ability to manage the lower level employee which is the most valuable of the company as they are the key of output and implement in the planning. Then manager will coordinate the jobs between authority and responsibility that is to define the role position of them (MSG 2012).
Over the past hundred years management has continuously been evolving. There have been a wide range of approaches in how to deal with management or better yet how to improve management functions in our ever changing environment. From as early as 1100 B.C managers have been struggling with the same issues and problems that manager’s face today. Modern managers use many of the practices, principles, and techniques developed from earlier concepts and experiences.