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Importance of sampling in research
Literature review of transformational leadership
Literature review of transformational leadership
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Recommended: Importance of sampling in research
Assessment of a study of the relationship between transformational leadership, empowerment and organizational commitment
Introduction and Purpose of Study
The implications of transformational leadership on a firm’s employees and the success of the firm overall are areas of ongoing research according to Ismail, Mohamed, Sulaiman, Mohamad, and Yusuf (2011). The authors make the case that in a changing global environment transformational leadership styles, rather than transactional styles, are a means organizations are using to meet their strategies (p. 90). They argue previous research suggests that some aspects of transformational leadership, such as empowerment, may motivate the followers to unite, change their own goals, and even look beyond their own self-interest to achieve the organization’s interest (p. 90). Thus, the use of a transformational style may impact employee outcomes, especially organizational commitment resulting in increased organizational performance. According to Ismail et al. (2011, p. 91), despite studies showing this important relationship, there is insufficient explanation of how and why transformational leadership affects organizational commitment. Their study begins to address the shortfall by studying the mediating effects of empowerment on the relationship between the variables Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment.
The assessment presented here focuses on the sampling methodologies used by the authors and argues that potential weaknesses in the methodologies limits the conclusions to something less than that which is presented by Ismail et al. (2011, pp. 100-101). This paper will have three following sections. First, there is a methods section to discuss the author...
... middle of paper ...
... approaches rely on random sampling to draw inferences. As the sample drawn from the population becomes less random, the results become skewed, and conclusions become limited and should be viewed with skepticism. Thus, the results reported by Ismail et al. (2011) must be viewed with skepticism.
References
Burns, R. B., & Burns, R. A. (2008). Business research methods and statistics using SPSS. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
Girden, E. R., & Kabacoff, R. I. (2011). Evaluating research articles: From start to finish (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Ismail, A., Mohamed, H. A., Sulaiman, A. Z., Mohamad, M. H., & Yusuf, M. H. (2011). An empirical study of the relationship between transformational leadership, empowerment and organizational commitment. Business & Economics Research Journal, 2(1), 89-106. Retrieved from http://www.berjournal.com
In Leadership Theory, Application & Skill Development, transformational leadership is defined as “seeking to change the status quo by articulating to followers the problems in the current system and presenting a compelling vision of what a new organization could be” (Lussier & Achua, 2013, p.331). This theory, in combination with the exercise regimen, CrossFit, is the focus of the book Transformational Leadership and High-Intensity Interval Training by Carol R. Himelhoch, PhD. Himelhoch illustrates a correlation between a leader’s ability to tap into the transformational leadership style and their consistent participation in intense workout sessions. A transformational leadership style benefits from High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) via challenging the participant, which imparts a sense of achievement when they complete a demanding Workout of the Day (WOD). HIIT encourages the individual to push themselves and take risks, not only during the workout, but also in their leadership roles at work.
Leadership style is a behavioral model that leaders use it to interact with followers. Leadership is a combination of providing direction, making decision, motivating sub-workers and achieving goals (Fertman & Liden 1999). Furthermore, Chemers (2007) asserted that leadership is the executive of organizational intelligence in which leadership effectiveness is linked to organizational performance. In addition, Obiwuru et al (2011) stated that the leadership styles are predictor to leadership effectiveness whereby leadership style in an organization is one of the factors that play significant role in enhancing or retarding the interest and commitment of the individuals in the organization. In this paper, we will concentrate on three leadership
Yi- Feng Yang (2016) and Ganos and Galla (2013) state that to lead others you should know yourself very well and what leadership skill you attain. Change of leadership helps to bring up leadership trust and change commitment. Leadership models and styles are defined as trust, admiration, loyalty, respect and integrity. Originality and value in a leader show different opportunities of styles such as engaging, goal-oriented and involvement. To be precise, these leadership styles demonstrate good characteristics of a leader displaying good leadership skills. Yi- Feng Yang (2016) state that these skills are very important in the workplace environment. Leadership trusts are viewed as a social bond to the employees to have faith
What is leadership? “Leaders are people who do the right thing; managers are people who do things right”. The meaning of leadership can bring to a variety of images. For example:
...eption, and laissez-faire.” (Northouse, 2013, P, 214) The pros with the transformational approach are that it put importance on the significance of followers in the leadership procedure and how they want followers to achieve more and have increased job satisfaction. The cons with the transformational approach are the validity of the MLQ, and how effectively it determines good transformational leaders. Some researchers have also claimed that transformational leadership could be used in damaging ways and would be result in negative outcomes for companies and organizations.
The final chapter of this book encourages people to be critical when taking in statistics. Someone taking a critical approach to statistics tries assessing statistics by asking questions and researching the origins of a statistic when that information is not provided. The book ends by encouraging readers to know the limitations of statistics and understand how statistics are
In the history of our world, we have seen so much change, our civilization has always been on the process of changing, on the process of getting better. All these movements whether good or bad were all involved with great leadership. From the start of the Christian movement, we saw Jesus who was able to inspire fishermen to one-day die for their faith in Him; Rosa Park’s action was able to inspire the whole country to take action against racial segregation; Gandhi’s civil disobedient movement was able to force the United Kingdom to grant India their independence. All of them had many things in common, they were all willing to be radical in their own time, Jesus preached a very different message, Rosa Park ignored the social norm and fought
The articles, published after 1996, contain varied methods of research attainment, but share similarities such as being a self-survey, having a small sample size, and being
A Transformational leader would elevate the interests of their employees, they would generate awareness and acceptance of the goal for the group. (Bass, B. M. ,1991) An example of transformational leadership in a hypothetical situation would be if there was a monthly goal set for each individual on the team and the leader finished his goals first then went on to help the rest of the team, taking extra time to see every employee as an individual. Another situation would be if a team member had a death in the family and the leader would provide emotional support for the employee as well as rallying the rest of the team to console the team member. Napoleon declared that an army of rabbits commanded by a lion could do better than an army of lions commanded by a rabbit (Bass, B. M. ,1991). The world is full of transformational leaders but we need more. Transformational leadership can be learned, and it can and should be the subject of management training and development (Bass, B. M. ,1991). Next, we will look at Servant
Transformational leadership is one of the most popular leadership styles. According to Kendrick (2011), “Transformational leadership involves four factors: 1. idealized influence, 2. inspirational motivation, 3. intellectual stimulation, and 4. individual consideration.” These four factors make transformational leadership have an impact on followers. The goal of transformational leadership is to cause a positive change in individuals, help motivate them, and develop a leader within each individual.
Zikmund, W., Babin, B.J., Carr, J.C., & Griffin, M. (2010). Business research methods (8th ed.). Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western
The concept of transforming/transformational leadership is the process in which the leader and follower help one another to develop a greater level of morale and motivation (Anonymous, N.D.). According to Burns, the transforming approach was to generate substantial change in the life of the people and organization to aspire the followers (Anonymous, N.D.). Through further research, Bass transformational approach measured the leader in terms of their impact on the followers. The qualities of the transformational leader presented trust, loyalty, and respect towards their followers. These results from the leader offered more than self-gain, but inspire followers to a mission to visualize their own identity within the organization, by being successful within the team and those they are serving. These are the characteristics that motivates the writer to continue being a successful transformational leader within their
If we consider appropriately sized sample groups, we must ask ourselves how we define appropriate. If it is a particular ratio, that ratio would have to be...
The old system of management has undergone many changes within the last century. An employee once performed the assigned job duties during the allotted hours and then went home. Now employees are encouraged to grow, give input, and to contribute for the good of the organization. There is a plethora of information for leaders to learn why and how to grow personally thus allowing the organization to grow as well. This new emerging leader is a transformational leader.
This paper discusses different types of sampling techniques used in quantitative research. It begins by looking at probability sampling (also known as random sampling) before discussing non-probability sampling (non-random sampling). The discussion ends by looking considerations that should be made before selecting a sampling technique before concluding. Because quantitative researchers prefer probability sampling and only use non-probability on rare occasions the e...