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Human societies are prone to self-destruction without a means of social order. In order to preserve their own prosperity all cultures tried their own means of order through political, Philosophical, and religious ideals in order to preserve their culture from falling apart. The cultures I will observe and compare among each other will be the Asian Indian, Chinese, Chinese, Greek, Mayan and Persian Societies and from these Civilizations determine which one of these would be optimal to live in during the height of their empire.
To understand why a society has gotten to its peak, a look at its systems of order will allow an understanding of how it developed. In the Mayan Culture the societies were ruled by Priest and Nobility and rulers were determined by who was the
They would erect many temples dedicated to their priests to assure their gods favor. The Persian empire utilized Zoroastrianism and was observed in their political rulers. This teaching taught to have good moral fiber, speak without ill will, to keep a pure mind, and to do go onto others. Mostly it taught that being materialistic was a blessing from Ahura Mazda and was not discouraged, but to be embraced which gave favor to the elites of the culture. The Chinese on the other hand utilized legalism, a form of rule that focused on the good of the empire was above all else. This philosophy made even minor crimes could result in dismemberment or death and withholding information of these crimes could result in the same punishment. While this system did not make the citizens happy, it did allow china to have an efficient rule and allowed production and unification of the kingdoms. Between these cultures there is the least effective to the most effective where the most desirable would lead to the middle being
Around the years 200 B.C.E two great civilizations emerged as powerful and influential Empires. The Han civilization and the Roman Civilization. Both civilizations contributed to the ancient world, with revolutionary technologies, literature, mathematics, and extensive trade. Although these were powerful nations, the causes of their decline were quite similar. Inept rulers, social discordance, and hostile incursions, are some of the numerous factors that brought about their inevitable downfall.
Han China and Ancient shared bureaucratic governments. This means that they had a government ruled by unelected officials, giving the people little to no say in government. In Rome the ruler was once a king but then their government transitioned to an oligarchy, which would put the rich people in the highest place in society. On the other hand in Han China, which was an imperial dynasty, and emperors were decided by the Mandate of Heaven. The Mandate gave the common man a chance to become a major ruler during the Han period. The Han government was mainly influenced by confucian government while Romes was based on Roman law and the classics. The Han government spread Confucianism since that was the basis for their government. Rome also relied on local rulers to make sure that their many lands were following rules and not plotting against them. Both the Han and Rome shared a bureaucratic government which affected their social structures in different ways.
The Classical Era was a time of greatness. Great empires rose to power, the likes of which the world had never seen before. In the west, Rome emerged as the dominant power. Originating in the Italian peninsula, the Roman Empire would eventually stretch from Britain to Mesopotamia and Egypt, a huge empire maintained through a vast network of roads. This empire was made of hundreds of different cultures. In the east, the Han dynasty ruled China, Vietnam, and northern Korea. Han China was united not only by government, but also by culture. Confucianism, a belief system focused on maintaining order, was extremely influential, as was another belief system called Daoism, to a lesser extent. During the Classical Age, the creation of powerful empires allowed for safer trade. Safer trade allowed huge amounts of cross-cultural interaction, trade and the sharing of ideas. But as other empires had done before, and as many did after, the empires of Rome and Han China fell. Rome and Han China had both similarities and differences. The most important similarity was plagues and diseases, and the most important difference was the destruction of culture.
Although Rome and China both had a centralized government, their method of centralization differed. Han China built their system using bureaucrats, or state officials. Their method was based upon the Confucian system, whereas the Romans based theirs on Greek and Republican Roman values. Both Rome and China had vast empires controlled in a patriarchal manner. Both had the notion that men should be in control; however, the Chinese supported the notion through filial piety whereas the Romans supported it through families. Both had a singular leader with support, but Rome’s leader was considered to be at least partially divine while China’s
Hunt discusses the way in which Ancient Greece and Rome forced many people into slavery and created many treatises in order to organize society by decree of ideology. Society had to be structured in order to properly operate, as Diamond conveys the idea that ideologies must be present for the society to have structural integrity. Once again, in chapter 14, Diamond discusses the importance of ideology as groups structure in bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states. As groups progress and evolve their ideologies, society advances and allows prosperity and welfare among the people. On the contrary, Hunt discusses the importance of custom and tradition within medieval societies. Many of these societies lacked the central authority that allowed for organization, so many systems were based off the mutual obligations and services of the people. This allowed for various ideologies to facilitate the advancement of society as their changes altered the changes of society. Thus, the medieval societies required much attentiveness to following ideology in order to operate on a sound
The Han dynasty and the Roman Empire were both powerful empires during their era. However, the ways they obtained their power varied greatly because they used different methods that involved their political structures, which revolved around their centralized governments. The Han dynasty and the Roman Empire acquired very unique techniques that allowed them to control social and political. For example, the Han dynasty adopted a religion known as Confucianism, which monitored everything in the lives of the Chinese. Contrary, the Roman Empire established a monarchy but allowed its residents more freedom as compared to the Han. Nevertheless, the two empires were similar in political structures in that the power was depended on the wealthy that were in authority, the peasants struggled with their lives because of concerning issues such as food supply. The empires were able to create and preserve a peaceful and sustainable lives for a long time, unlike the past empires. Social distribution were under the control of the wealthiest and they could effortlessly impact community viewpoints and interactions among the residents. These two empires existed during the Classical Period had comparable and various social, political, religions, as well as economical values and practices. However, they both possessed differences and similarities in their economic and social perspectives even though the two empires were established around the same era.
After starting the Chinese Empire, Shihuangdi based the empire on a harsh law system called legalism and was also influenced by Confucianism. Since Shihuangdi was the only ruler of the empire, the government was considered a strong central monarchy. When the Chinese empire had a good start, they expanded their territories to northern Vietnam, Korea, and the northwest steppes. Shihuangdi believed the harsher the empire the more respected, so he invested heavily into a strong military army a...
And some might say that Daoism had a greater impact because some Chinese people still follow Daoism today, such as people in Taiwan. All three of these philosophies (Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism) had an impact on ancient China. They not only changed the people but also affected the way the government functioned and ruled ancient China. These philosophies provided very different models for society. Some offered a more peaceful and free way of life, while another provided a much harsher and stricter way of life. Of all of them, Confucianism had the greatest impact on ancient China, influencing the culture, government and people, and creating a good model for a peaceful and just society. Many of these principles can still be seen in Chinese culture
The Han Dynasty governed China for more than four hundred years. It rose to power in 206 BC and stayed until 220 AC. The Han Dynasty played a vital role in China’s development. This dynasty pioneered a political system and social structure that lasted in China for almost 2,000 years. The Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire were considered two of the most strongest civilizations at that time. The Roman Empire lasted from 27 BC to 393 AD. This empire changed the way Romans lived. The Romans made rapid advancements in science and technology. Both of these civilizations successfully took control of their countries. While they both have an abundant amount of similarities, they is an overwhelming amount of differences that set these two empires apart. The decline of these two civilizations were both caused by internal affairs. The Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire both ruled close to the same time span, they both had highly centralized political systems, and they both were the most advanced civilizations in their region of the world. Their similarities did not overshadow their differences however. The Roman Empire had a senate that served as their legislative body and in China, the emperors ruled over the city. The Han Dynasty implemented national equality, and used Confucianism thoughts to keep the country united, while the Romans divided their citizens into different social classes and kept ethic discrimination. While both civilizations had strong social class separators, the Roman Empire made their’s more apparent. Both civilizations were strong and advanced for their time, however, they both ruled their countries differently.
Regarding religion, Chinese culture saw the emergence of Confucianism and Buddhism as the major influence. Confucianism stressed filial piety which meant respecting elders and superiors, ruling righteously, and obeying commands and orders. Confucianism was introduced by the Chinese thinker Confucius. Buddhism was brought to China, but originated in India and was founded by Siddhartha Gautama. Followers of Buddhism worshipped Buddh...
Not to state the obvious, but there is a lot that goes into creating a government. The central focus of this paper are the differences and similarities between two very different nations’ constitutions: The United States of America and The Islamic Republic of Iran. A constitution is a document that entails the fundamental rules that govern a land and establish its structure, values, and limitations. On the surface, the American constitution (1787) and the Iranian constitution (1979) are similar in that they both ensure a president who is elected from majority rule, a legislature, and a powerful judiciary. However, there are far more differences in the organization of their governments than similarities, and this can be accredited to their different
One of the similarities between two civilizations in terms of religion affect political hierarchy would be how did the kings keep their power. First of all, most of the emperors of China started out as a general in the military and that is the same for the Aztecs because they believed that the best warrior shall be the ruler of the Aztecs. In order for the Aztec rulers to stay in power, they eat human flesh and the human heart just like their gods. They do this so they can be seen more like and god or more superior than the regular citizens. In China, they do not eat human flesh nor do they do anything to please their gods instead they follow the ways of the Mandate of Heaven and do the things that a good emperor or “son of heaven” should do. They are similar because they do things to make people consider them as partially “god” or a god.
1. The warring states of China were united through a combination of philosophical and religious traditions. One of the first answers to the problem was Legalism. Legalism was created by Han Fei, who believed that an empire would only succeed if it imposed strict laws on its people to discourage bad behavior. Legalism quickly fell out of favor after the end of the Qin Dynasty because of its harshness. The successor to the Qin Dynasty, the Han Dynasty, adopted Confucianism. Confucianism was not really a religion, but more of a philosophical outlook on life. Filial piety, social harmony, and ethics were now emphasized. The final major school of thought that integrated Chinese culture was Daoism. Daoism was based on the concept of nature, and urged people to "disengage in public life" and to seek out nature instead.
In the sixth century B.C, the land that we now call Iran was the center of the largest empire in the world. The kings of Ancient Persia( such as Cyrus the Great) were the leaders of a great civilization that made amazing advances in laws, goverment and communication. Founded in 550 B.C by King Cyrus the Great, the Persian Empire spanned from Egypt in the west to Turkey in the north, and through Mesopotamia to the Indus River in the east. Unlike most empires at that time, the Persian kings were benovelent rulers, and allowed a diverse variety of diffrent people with diffrent ethnic backgrounds. The Persian empire was split into three diffrent empires with three diffrent time periods but the first empire was called the Achaemenid Empire. It began with King Cyrus the Great and ended with King Darius III.
Afghanistan is address to different cultures, language and traditions and every group has its own uniqueness and its own way of living. Even after the country’s infrastructure was badly destroyed during the civil war, people didn’t lose hope and they again started building their homes. Even after such tragedy people again started assembling at chai kahnas (Tea house) which is also called Samawar, and in urban places like restaurant they participates in sports, festivals and play games. The tape emits loud and raucous music. People of are Afghanistan mostly follow the religion Islam. Afghans have a tradition of cultural and also modern afghan music. Traditional afghan music is unique charm which acts as part of the celebrations. People treat themselves during the holy Nawroz celebration. This is the Persian New-year and is celebrated in the regions where there is Persian influence or migrants from Iran. Afghans show fierce loyalty to their respective tribes. They also believe that Islamic law allows every 'believer' to keep arms when ordered by the ruler. This requirement becomes more important because of the geographical location and the difficult living conditions to survive in the mountains. They show very simple but at the same time very nourishing cuisine which comprises of hand baked bread and vegetable or meat preparations. Their food is very rich and spicy, keeping the climatic conditions in mind. Their simple and down to earth lifestyle has worked in both the ways in favour of them as well as against them. In the past many times their friendly nature has been misguided as a compromising attitude which led to the present political conditions. Afghans are hardworking and to an extent non interfe...