According to Piazza, “Negative reinforcement plays a significant role in the maintenance of problematic behavior (Iwata, 1987)” (Piazza, 1997). In a study done by Wahab in the article “Managing Learners’ Behaviors in Classroom through Negative Reinforcement Approaches” “it examine discipline management in classroom from the aspect of the types of disruptive behaviors among students in classroom, the practice of teachers’ negative reinforcement approach in managing and tackling these disruptive behaviors in classroom as well as to identify if there is any significant difference of various negative reinforcement approaches practiced by teachers (warning, scolding and punishment) on students that display disruptive behaviors based on the teachers’ …show more content…
He goes on explaining that teachers who have a successful management of their classroom, maintain clear and appropriate rules and boundaries, and that they deal with the antecedents of the students’ behavior problems. Degeling defines antecedents “as things that trigger or lead to specific behavior”. An example he gives is “boredom may be an antecedent to a child getting out of their chair and wondering around the classroom” that punishing the student is not going to deal with the problem. He listed six different practical ways to decrease misbehavior in class. The six ways are 1. Keep them busy, 2. Be amongst them, 3. Keep them engaged, 4. Make sure there are lots of opportunities for students to participate in active ways, 5. Develop relationships, and 6. Structure the class (Degeling, 2012). As regards of positive reinforcement Dedeling quoted “Students are more likely to do things they will be rewarded for than punished for (Grossman, 2004). But unfortunately, teachers often focus more attention on punishing poor behavior, than on rewarding appropriate behavior (Martin et. al., 1999)” (Degeling, 2012). Even though positive reinforcement will probably not be effective in certain situations. That’s why it is important …show more content…
Just like Ali in the article “Use of Reinforcement Practices in the Educational Institutions and Its Impacts on Student Motivation” had said that motivation has an impact on the students’ behavior Diedrich wanted to see if behavior modifications was an effective method to use by educators. She says that one of the most common problem that is faced by teachers is classroom management because the disruption of a student behavior can affect the time of learning. According to Diedrich teachers struggle with the decision of whether or not a student should be rewarded for expected behavior. And that some educators believe that rewarding expected behaviors is not their job that is the job of the parents. By educators having a strong classroom management can possibly end or avoid the increase of disruptive behavior (Diedrich, 2010). She believes that the use of positive reinforcement and rewards would motivate students to display appropriate social skills. Diedrich paraphrases an article by Chitiyo and Wheeler (2009) saying “educators can teach students appropriate behaviors by establishing classroom routines, modeling the desired behaviors, and building naturally occurring reinforcement aimed at displaying positive behaviors and improving the classroom environment
In second grade I was apart of a wild classroom. Their was a lot of chaos from all the young children. My teacher struggled to get everyone on task and to complete our work. After some time my teacher decided to make up a reward system (positive reinforcement). The children in the classroom were able to earn tickets for doing their homework, being respectful, and many other things. We were able to save these tickets and cash them in on fridays for treats, toys, or even sometimes extra recess. The teacher had a separate system for when we misbehaved. There were 3 colors you could earn everyday. If you weren’t on task, out of your seat, or just being disruptive she would change your color from green to yellow. If it happened again you got a red card and lost your tickets you earned for that day. This is a perfect example of positive punishment. It gave each child an opportunity to earn tickets for good behavior, and a warning system with the cards that possibly would lead to losing your earned tickets. Our teacher was using operant conditioning to produce a change in our
F. Skinner’s behaviour theory states Children learn from their experience. For e.g. if a child gets told-off for tearing pages from a book, he/she does not repeat the same act. In school teachers appreciate good behaviour by praise, smileys or stickers which encourages them to continue behaving well. Teachers give timeout or detentions in case child displays wrong behaviour. For e.g. pushing peers, hitting/kicking other children or throwing classroom equipment at peers, speaking rudely, disrupting the session, etc. Both positive and negative rewards become part of child’s experience and they learn about acceptable social behaviour and develop their own
The teaching technique used in intervention is behavior modification, it is known that people learn because they are rewarded by others or their environment Albert Bandura (1977). People’s actions are shaped by input from others, including feedback and reinforcement. Behavior modification takes place through three step process, antecedent (task explanation, model, cue) is provided, response is then elicited and a consequence (feedback, reinforcement) occurs immediately.
Both students were close to repeating the third grade and have serious behavior problem displayed in the classroom and at home. A PBS plan was created as an intervention to get these students back on track in the classroom. The goals were to prevent aggressive and distracting behaviors in the classroom that was impeding their education. The methods used in their PBS plan were self-monitoring, teacher and peer mediated support, and positive reinforcement (Lynnette, Young, & Marchant, 2004). The positive reinforcement used most often was praise for appropriate behaviors and a token economy system administrated by teachers and paraprofessionals that interacted with the students (Lynnette, Young, & Marchant, 2004). The result of the plan was an immediate improvement in their socially appropriate classroom behavior. This was measured by comparing their behavior in a sample of same-aged student evaluated by their teachers (Lynnette, Young, & Marchant, 2004). All in all, the researcher found a major difference in the two student’s behavior in the classroom that lead to them improving
There are different ways that a teacher can deal with a student’s undesirable behavior. Some of these strategies are: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment or extinction. The type of r...
First, be sure to recognize the difference between reinforcement and punishment. To increase the desired behavior, reinforcement should be used. Punishment is used to decrease unwanted behaviors. Second, when an adult begins to use positive reinforcement and ignoring the inappropriate behavior, some students may begin to exhibit behavior that get worst. This abnormal behavior is referred to as “extinction burst”. The student is acting out in an effort to generate the reinforcement they use to get from the adult. Thirdly, teachers and adults should use positive reinforces that are attainable quickly and easily. Sometimes, food is not accessible and is not appropriate so positive phrases work well. Lastly, inappropriate behaviors should always be ignored, unless they are
The theory focuses on establishing a class atmosphere by attending directly to students needs, caringly controlling behaviour by adapting effective class rules and consequences so that, learning can take place as intended (Charles, 2005). Additionally, teachers educate students on proper behaviour by specifying rule such as “We raise our hands to speak” that are specific and visible. Teachers use specific reinforcers such as recognition when rules are followed and punishers for breaking them (Eggen & Kauchak, 2001). Therefore, the main principles of AD specify that children behavoural limits and consequences need clarification (Lyons et al., 2014) and have the right that these requirements are taught by an assertive and caring teacher who determinedly works to encourages the best welfare for the students Likewise, teachers have the right to teach students, disruption-free, which is based on a clear classroom discipline plan that is supported by the school and parents (Charles, 2005).Hence, AD is a positively controlled style of discipline endorsed by the
...orce the good behaviour with rewards and decrease the likelihood of negative behaviour being repeated. The structured discipline of both parents and teachers help the child to appreciate that good behaviour is much more beneficial than bad behaviour but without this structure in one or both of these settings, could lead to the child not understanding, leading to it being much more difficult to correct behaviour that isn't wanted without resorting to drastic measures of physical or psychological punishment that would do more harm than good. Further research into helping the children in these sort of circumstances would be much more beneficial to the topic of child behaviour and punishment.
.... I feel that in most cases, once a student has been punished through negative reinforcement for doing wrong, the student will attempt to correct such behavior in the future to avoid punishment. In addition, positive reinforcement should be given for those students who are the majority and behave, as well as for the students who are occasional troublemakers because positive reinforcement helps show what is correct behavior in response to bad behavior.
Positive reinforcement is a gentle and effective method to implement discipline in the classroom, where students understand the importance of good behaviour, and as an outcome students behave well (S, 2016).
The reward system is a beneficial behavioral modification teaching method, which promotes more positive behaviors in the classroom (Charles & Barr, 2014). Many teachers generally use the reward method of praise within their classrooms for a variety of reasons. The first advantage of using praise within the classroom is because it encourages students do repeat positive behaviors in the classroom. Many children are simply looking for attention and enjoy it, which makes it a great technique to use in the classroom (Charles & Barr, 2014). Another advantage for this reward type is that due to the encouragement, the students are able to perform at a better rate; students excel academically. A final advantage to using praise is that it is easily implemented into the classroom and requires little to no preparation. This makes the reward method a great addition for teachers as well as students because students get instant feedback without
Increased Proximity: A teacher can reestablish positive behavior simply by being closer to the student, reminding them that they must stay on task and avoid misbehaviors by adhering to the classroom rules.
Positive Discipline is a concept that can be extremely misinterpreted and when it is misused it can cause more harm than good. A common form of discipline for children is punishment and it is widely used because it is the believed to be very effective. “However, discipline comes from the Latin word discipulus or disciplini, which means a follower of truth, principle, or a venerated leader” (Nelson, pg. 15). Punishment in itself is not a positive method nor is it a positive form of leadership to follow or exert. (Quote) By eliminating punishment, using the kind but firm technique, and having mutual respect, child abuse can be significantly reduced or even prevented.
Of all the variables in a comprehensive literature review classroom management had the largest effect on student achievement. Therefore, teachers need to provide clear purpose and strong guidance regarding both academics and student behavior. Teachers and students need to collaborate as a team sharing concerns about the needs and opinions of others. Teachers should be aware of high-needs students and have a plethora of specific techniques for meeting some of their needs. Positive support from the parents, administration, support personnel and the community to bring about positive changes in student behavior is also necessary. Teachers can make a modification; they can construct a community that nurtures and develops social and emotional skills as well as academic
As discussed throughout this paper we build our classroom management plans based on our past experiences, our knowledge, our professional learning and our very own personal reflection. The importance of our beliefs, values and our philosophy play a major role in our planning. I, personally have a strong desire to support students who are often labelled ‘troubled’ and ‘the naughty child’, I believe there are reasons behind why students misbehave and strive to do my best as an educator to engage students through positive reinforcements as discussed and continue to put in place preventive practices. Building our own positive learning framework is key to a successful classroom. Even throughout our ongoing experiences we may adapt to other methods, theories and even values according to our journey as a teacher. Even as teachers we will always be learning and continue to perfect our individual