The Crusader’s Background The Army focused on building the XM 2001 Crusader self-propelled howitzer from 1987 to 2002 in order to enhance its self-propelled 155mm artillery capabilities (Bruner & Bowman, 2002, p. 1). Since the Crusader was developed starting in the late 1980s, the system was intended to combat the firepower of the Soviet Union’s artillery. Among the tasks the weapons system would have fulfilled were “direct-fire maneuver forces, such as tanks and infantry, with immediate, heavy, indirect fires from a distance” (Bruner & Bowman, 2002, p. 1). The Army originally planned to equip its units with 1,138 of the Crusaders starting in the 2008 fiscal year (Bruner & Bowman, 2002, p. 2). The program was revised in 1999 to build 480 vehicles at a total cost of $11 billion. United Defense, which is headquartered in Fridley, Minnesota, would have built the Crusader. United Defense would have used a newly constructed plant in Oklahoma near the Army’s home of the field artillery in Fort Sill, Oklahoma. In addition, United Defense would have used subcontractors in the states of California, Michigan, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Virginia to produce the Crusader (Bruner & Bowman, 2002, p. 2). The Crusader would have also created jobs in the state of Massachusetts and the District of Columbia . The states of California, Massachusetts, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Virginia are considered politically powerful or swing states. Other, the production of military hardware becomes a very parochial issue. Michigan is the home state of Senate Armed Services Committee Chairman Carl Levin and California has two senior Senators in Barbara Boxer and Dianne Feinstein. Minnesota and Virginia had then Senate Armed Services Comm... ... middle of paper ... ...n made by the chain of command. As stated earlier, Rumsfeld wiliness to go around the military leadership and his suggestion to General Shelton that military advice to the President should go through him demonstrated to the military and career civilians that Rumsfeld was not interested in their input. Therefore, in order to make their views felt a need to go around Rumsfeld. The talking points memo was a way of going around Rumsfeld. It is likely the military and career civilian leadership felt they had to ignore the chain of command to have their views heard by the Congress. However, Congress knew the military did not agree with the civilian leadership of the military. Shinseki had earlier testified before Congress, in his view, the Army needed the Crusader. Both Rumsfeld and the military leadership are to be blamed for the talking points memo controversy.
In today’s time frame the term disrespect can be defined by many different things. The dictionary defines disrespect as the lack of respect or courtesy. In the military disrespect can be show as not only talking back, but hand gestures, body language, the emphasis of your voice when responding to a command, or even not acknowledging one command. Out of all the possible signs of disrespect I think personally that talking back, body language and the emphasis of your voice are the major ones that can get you in trouble. Even not going to the authorize position of parade rest is a sign of disrespect, because as Non Commissioned Officer if you out rank the subordinate the person who is receiving information, criticism, or a command should be at
Air Defense Artillery remains one of the most respected assets to the United States Army, ready to deploy its units and weapon systems at anytime and anywhere in support of freedom. Works Cited Brigade General Scales, Robert H. JR. Certain Victory. The U.S. Army in the Gulf War. NewYork: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1993.
Army. Unfortunately fratricide was a reoccurring issue during this battle as well. Due to the lack of training and knowledge of aircraft identification, American AAA gunners and infantryman shot down several friendly planes in the heat of this battle, including several easily identifiable P-38 fighter planes. Those mistakes could have easily been avoided had the soldiers of that time been instructed of proper identification of both friendly and enemy targets. The primary focus of the battle of Kasserine was that of a technical aspect, and in no form tactical. Aside from poor aircraft identification, there was also minimal training in combining air support with maneuvering ground troops on the battle field. This supreme poverty of training in turn led to yet more fratricide and loss of friendly life. A positive lesson learned was that the most effective means of Air Defense during the battle was the use of mounting two and four .50-caliber M2 machine guns on half-tracks. One aspect that proved to be ineffective was the 37mm guns, which failed to stop or destroy the German tanks. Aware of this fact, the U.S. Army began the development of armor piercing shells and anti-tank guns. The U.S. Army was mindful of the shortcomings during the battle of Kasserine Pass and only weeks after refined and revamped its tactics and strategies in air support, amour fighting, and artillery. Due to weapon
Overall, this text book is a useful guide in grasping a better understanding of all the elements that influenced military technology throughout the Middle Ages. The broad range of material, in a condensed form make this book a good starting point to begin research within the topic of medieval military technology. If the reader can go through the book without getting lost in the minute details, then they will be left with a book that has encompassed a broad argument that builds a good foundation for further work within the field.
The operational requirements of the Army during overseas contingency operations have been extensive. The Army Force Generation (ARFORGEN) Model has proven effective in sustaining persistent mission requirements by ensuring units are operationally prepared to deploy. Commanders and Senior Non Commissioned Officers (SNCO) have responded professionally to the ARFORGEN process by building and maintained cohesive units ready to meet the stringent demands of COIN operations. U...
A majority of weapons used in World War II were improved weapons from World War II. Most guns increased in power and abilities. In World War II people thought that pistols were useless but this was proved wrong due to the fact that the U.S. Mi...
Rather he focuses on the logistics of warfare through the innovations in gunfire, cannon manufacturing and operation, and defensive warfare. Moreover, Parker does not attempt to use his position and research to criticise other scholars position on the military revolution. He simply agrees with Michael Roberts definition and attempts to contribute his principles of innovation as a means to strengthen Roberts
Warfare was in a state of transition. Older commanders and generals in the French and British militaries were very cavalry and infantry focused. These commanders believed that cavalry, infantry, and artillery would assure victory in any circumstance, against any foe. They clung to the static tactics of the bygone World War I era. World War I had been fought primarily on French soil, and the military as well as the government never wanted that to happen again, therefore they wanted to reinforce their main border against any future German. Little did they know that only twenty two years later they would be bested by German forces in a way that would shock the world. This research will be analyzing many important assumptions, oversights,...
"Tanks: The New Fighting Machines of World War II." HubPages. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2014.
Respect to me is admiring someone for their abilities, qualities, or achievements. I think respect is always earned an can never be given. As soldiers soldiers we should always respect our peers because they have made the same sacrifice as us. But as soldiers we should have a higher level of respect for our NCOs because they have done their time an have earned it. Being respectful is not hard it is simple, just treat others the way we would like to be treated ourselves.
The fact that ther are numerous Defense policies and situations competing for a president’s attention means that it is worthwhile to organize political activity in order to affect his agenda. A president may be compelled to reconsider a problem even though he could not overtly be force to alter the prevailing policy. If presidents are convinced that the current policy is best, the likelihood of gaining sufficient force to compel a change is quiete small. The man who can build foreign policies will find presidents beating a path to his door.
As a result of these two conditions, many more casualties were sustained. Add to that the lack of medical knowledge of disease and infection and the numbers truly began to grow. This paper provides an overview of the types of weaponry that was used during this time. Artillery generally falls into three basic categories: guns, howitzers and mortars. The main difference between them is the trajectory of the round fire.
"The soldier is the Army. No army is better than its soldiers. The Soldier is also a citizen. In fact, the highest obligation and privilege of citizenship is that of bearing arms for one’s country” (-General George S. Patton Jr). Here within our borders we are the lucky ones, we have been blessed with the pleasure of so many brave men and women; to volunteer in the world's greatest military; and put their lives on the line for something that they believe is a moral obligation. But, think of some other countries, that have conscription (the practice of ordering people by law to serve in the armed forces) laws. We as a nation have some laws on conscription, and if you are male and above the age of 18 you have already signed the slip of paper stating that in the time of war; if our great nation re-instated the draft then there is a great chance you will be serving on the frontline of the next Great War. This brings me to my first topic of this page, is it ethical to have a draft? My second topic that I will discuss will be on if it is morally acceptable to "draft dodge". What I mean on the second topic is if you have a right; that morally allows you to not go fight in the war.
When we take a look back at all of the Crusades that took place in the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth centuries, we see that the Crusades brought many new ideas and inventions to the rest of the world. Most of the contributions that the Crusades have made have been to warfare, arms and armor. The weapon has evolved over time and began with “the rock and the club proceeded through the sling and boomerang, bow and arrow, sword and axe, to gunpowder weapons of the rifle and machine gun of the late nineteenth century” . Throughout the Crusades we saw the introduction to new ideas such as siege towers, fortifications, pitched battles, ranged weapons, polearms, and blunt hand weapons. The question that I will be focusing on throughout my paper will be, how the warfare of the Middle Ages, specifically the Crusades, impact warfare of the modern day? I will be looking at both the Muslims and the Christians and will be covering the time period from 1000-1300.
By violating simple guidance put forth by the Army Chief of Staff, is a direct smack in the