Side Effects of Antidepressants
Side effects have played a significant role in the development
of SSRI’s. The first drug, iproniazid, was developed to fight
tuberculosis in the early 1950's, and had a noticeable side
effect on mood elevation. Soon it was known as a "happy drug".
This drug immediately gained attention from physicians and
depression researchers. At that time the only drug on the
market for depression was opium, which was a highly addictive
substance (Turkington 49-50). Ten years of specific drug
research to identify different models of nerve transmissions and
tailoring chemicals to affect these processes resulted in the
development of Prozac (Turkington,61).
"Eli Lilly and Co.'s (Prozac's manufacturer) official product
information acknowledges that tremors alone occur in 10% of
patients on Prozac. Any side effect occurring in 1% or more of
patients is acknowledged as "frequent" by the pharmaceutical
industry (Glenmullen). Some of these side effects that have
been reported are feelings of jitteriness, sleep problems
"tardive dyskinesia," and "sexual dysfunction". Other side
effects from Prozac include weight gain, tiredness, increased
appetite, feeling weak, sore throat, and trouble with
concentration (Smith).
Side effects of antidepressants fall in three different
categories: sedation; dry mouth, blurry vision, constipation,
urinary problems, increased heart rate, and memory problems; and
dizziness on standing up, orthostatic hypotension. Those that
interfere with dopamine, such as Effexor and Asendin, may
produce movement disorders and endocrine system changes.
Blocking serotonin may create stomach problems, insomnia, and
anxiety. The newer drug...
... middle of paper ...
...r,
and it's been great."
References
Boyles, S. (2005). Mixed results on antidepressants
and suicide. Web MD. News Feb, 18.
Janicak, P. G.,& Davis, J.M. (2001). Principles and
practice of psychopharmacotherapy (3rd ed.). New
York: Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins.
Glenmullen, J. (2000). Prozac: pro and Con,WebMD Feature June,2.
Mason, S. E. (2002). Prozac and crime: Who is the victim?
American Journal of Orthopsychiatry,72(3)445-455.
Rivas-Vazquez, R. A., & Blais, M.A. (2000). Sexual dysfunction
associated with antidepressant treatment. Professional
Psychology: Research and practice,31(6)641-651.
Smith, M. (2003). Medication for bipolar depression.
Approved WebMD Medical News December, 29.
Turkington, C.A., & Kaplan, E.F. (1994). Making the
prozac decision: Your guide to antidepressants. Los
Angeles: Lowell House.
The horror genre is synonymous with images of terror, violence and human carnage; the mere mention of horror movies evokes physical and psychological torture. As remarked by noted author Stephen King “the mythic horror movie…has a dirty job to do. It deliberately appeals to all that is worst in us. It is morbidity unchained, our most base instincts let free, our nastiest fantasies realized.” (King, 786). At manageable intervals, we choose to live these horrific events vicariously through the characters in horror movies and books as a means of safely experiencing the “what if”. The horror genre allows us to explore our fears, be it spiders, vampires, loss of our identity, or death of a loved, under the most fantastic and horrible circumstances conceivable. King also points out that by watching horror movies we “may allow our emotions a free rein . . . or no rein at all.” (King, 784). According to psychiatrist James Schaller, by vicariously “experiencing contrived fears, a person develops a sense of competence over similar types of fears.” (Schaller). Horror films allow the viewer the opportunity to safely examine their fears safely and to the depth and extent they wish to do so. Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 provides the opportunity for the viewer to consider a diverse range of fears, with a little humor thrown in for balance, from the safety of a darkened room, a comfortable seat and in less than 120 minutes.
The use of psychotropic medication in children and adolescents dates back to 1937 when Charles Bradley conducted a study by prescribing the stimulant amphetamine sulphate (Benzedrine) to modify the behavior of children with severe behavioral disturbance. (Adams, 1991) Since these studies were conducted, more and more children and adolescents have been prescribed stimulants, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers for various mental disorders, such as: depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The potential side effects that happen to children taking these medications can include: fainting, blurred vision, vomiting, extreme weight gain, and even death ("Seroquel information,” n.d.).
In summary, the article talked about the effects that antidepressant pills have on children. Immense publicity about antidepressants causing suicidal behavior in children is prompting more parents to hesitate to take their kids to psychiatrists. More doctors are hesitating to put their patients on antidepressant prescriptions. Last October, the Food and Drug Administration ordered black box labels, the most severe warning, on all anti-depressants. Some doctors think that these medicines are "speed bumps" and might end in more suicides. Other doctors think, "For children who really need treatment, a wait and see' approach could be dangerous." The percentage rate of children's antidepressant prescriptions has dropped within the last couple months. Psychiatrist Bruce Black says, "Kids are unhappy for a lot of reasons, and antidepressants often aren't the solution."
Prozac Causes More Deaths than Any Other Drug. Something is wrong with the focus on the "drug war" when 200,000 people die each year from prescription drugs, yet only 20,000 die from illegal drug use. Adverse reactions to prescription drugs are the third leading cause of death in America. In fact, people have a seven times greater chance of dying walking into their doctor's office than they do getting behind the wheel of their car!
As a government, Communism was different from anything else and had distinctive goals. Though, as a whole and in simplified terms, what was Communism? Communism violently attempted to take over a country by eliminating all other political systems and the different classes of people in a socialistic way through the use of dictatorships (Ebenstein). Communism’s main goal was to spread Communism from country to country until the whole world was in a Communistic state. In their eyes, this made the world a better place, but it also removed the opposition of countries with different government systems (Overstreet). Communists did not mind going to war and losing thousands of lives if it would help to spread Communism (Communism, the Courts, and the Constitution). Under Communism, everything was owned by the government including farms and factories. This not only eliminated capitalism, but it also gave the government the power to control the countries’ food supply and other...
To begin, capitalism is the economic ideology that everything is primarily focused towards making profit through the production and distribution of a product. In the article “Capitalism: Where Do We Come From?” By Robert Heilbroner and Lester Thurow, they provide insight on how capitalism has changed over the years and the impact it now has in today’s society. “There were no factors of production before capitalism. Of course, human labour, nature’s gift of land and natural resources, and the artifacts of society have always existed. But labour, land, and capital were not commodities for
Antidepressants are a prescription drug now used by people of all ages. They have become a part of society, therefore, taking antidepressants is not frowned upon. Antidepressants are used to make people feel “happier” and not to feel sadness. This is shown in the dystopian society in the book Brave New World written by Aldous Huxley in 1932. In that society the people use soma, a well-known drug, to make them feel no pain and are conditioned to think soma fixes everything. Helmholtz and Bernard two main characters, do not take it because they want to be able to see the world for what it is. They also do not want soma to change how they feel; they want to appreciate nature. In addition Lenina and Henry love taking soma because then they cannot feel any pain, they are just happy all the time. In our society, people think that antidepressants will make them feel no pain and that these medications will fix all of their problems. Antidepressants have a negative impact on society today as well as in the book Brave New World.
Halloween is a perfect example of a cliché slasher film. This film features some of the most
Katon, W., and Sullivan, M. D., (1990) Depression and Chronic Mental Illness. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, v.51. pgs. 8-19
Communism is defined as a political and economical doctrine, the aim which is to abolish private ownership of property and for-profit enterprise and to replace these with public ownership and control of industry, agriculture, and resources (“Communism”). The product of this government is supposed to be a society free of class ranking based on wealth, property, and political power. The Soviet Union was the first country to test these governmental strategies and it did not take long for the regime to collapse. The inevitable collapse of communism led to the fall of the Berlin Wall; this started the domino effect of freedom that ultimately led to the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Schmied, L. A., Steinberg, H., & Sykes, E. A. B. (2006). Psychopharmacology's debt to experimental psychology. History of Psychology, 9, 144-157.
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Communism is a system of political and economic organization in which property is owned by the community and all citizens share in the enjoyment of the common wealth, more or less according to their need. Marx believed that property is based on wage labor and capital labor. In the Communist Manifesto, he suggested a course of action for a proletariat revolution to overthrow capitalism and, eventually, br...
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