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Pharm chapter 7 penicillin
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Antibiotic Overuse the Deadly Dilemma:
Are we killing ourselves trying to stay healthy?
Heather Alexandre
Microbiology
Bio 175
Instructor Suzanne Berryhill
October 21, 2014
Abstract:
One of the greatest advancements to come out of the twentieth century is the discovery of antibiotics. They we invented with the mind to cure horrible infections but have we as a people gone too far in our use of them. Penicillin the first antibiotic to be discovered is nearly useless in the United States because the bacteria’s we are fighting have become resistant to it, as well as many other antibiotics. We are now facing a global crisis because of antibiotic resistance. The World Health Organization states that the top three threats in the world are A.I.D.S, tuberculosis, and antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics are used in preventative measures for healthy farm animals and to aid their growth; in most cases of prescribed antibiotics they are unnecessary or completely unhelpful. So why are doctors prescribing them anyway and would a governmental regulation on them help as it has in other countries? What are the ramifications we face as a people if we do not get antibiotic resistance under control? These are just some of the questions we should have been asking for a long time, other countries seem to have found the answer, why can’t the United States?
Introduction:
In 1928 Alexandre Flemming made a chance discovery that changed the tide of human existence, the discovery of penicillin. We could now fight infections that previously had killed people; we were given a tool to use towards survival. Since then a number of other antibiotics have been invented, the main ones being Penicillin’s and their derivatives (amoxicillin), Cephalosporin’s ...
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...timicrobial use in aquaculture rexamined: its revance to antimicrobial resistance and to anial and human health. Enviormental Microbiology, 15(7), 1917-1942.
Herman Goossens, M. F. (2005, Febuary 12). Outpatient Antibiotic use in Europe ans association with resistance: a cross national database study. 365, pp. 579-87.
Max Rubner Institut. (2012). Antibiotics in the Food Chain. Max Rubner Conference 2012. Karlsruhe: Max Rubner Institut.
Professor Dame Sally davies, E. R. (2013). Antimicrobrobial Resistance in Search of a Collaborative Solution. antimicrobrial resistance working Group 2013.
Rather, D. (2012, March 22). Dan Rather Reports. Addicted to Antibiotics. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubD-wdvgvaQ
University, T. (n.d.). APUA Allience for Prudent use of Antibiotics. Retrieved from http://www.tufts.edu/med/apua/about_issue/about_antibioticres.shtml
Tuberculosis. It was the cause of countless deaths throughout the history of humanity. It has been a fearful disease and has existed with humans for thousands of years; in the past two centuries alone, it ruthlessly murdered and crippled billions of people! It also has been called the white plague or white death, as this single microbe can be so devastating. It is one of the diseases that has tormented humans for ages and the story of this gruesome slaughterer continues even today. Tuberculosis
Epidemic Head scientist of the antibiotic research center at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ohio, Gerry Wright, has studied the genes of 500 streptomyces strains, a type of bacteria, many of which had never previously been identified. All 500 strains held antibiotic-resistance genes and on average were resistant to 8 of 21 tested antibiotics (Sachs). With an average resistance rate as high as 67 percent in some of these streptomyces species, it is evident that antibiotic-resistance is a rising problem