Peer-to-Peer networks are computer systems that are connected to each other via the Internet. Peer-to- Peer Network is also known as P2P. Files can be shared directly between the systems on the same network without needing a central server. So, each computer that has a P2P network becomes a file server as well as a client. P2P network can be connected with a Universal Serial Bus to transfer files or connected in such a way that more than 12 computers are sharing data through a copper wire.
P2P is used in a way that two or more computers are connected and sharing files without going through a separate server computer. Universities and Companies have been using this concept for more than 30 years. P2P network became famous after the invention of Napster in 1990. Technically most of the P2P networks are not pure peer networks because they use the central servers for some function, which makes them hybrid peer-to-peer.
Peer-to-Peer is a field of distribution systems that mostly focuses on file sharing but it’s not limited to it. Software communicates with each other, which creates a P2P network. P2P architecture mostly depends on placing a network server as well as a network client on each computer. This concept provides access services from other computers running the same software.
Based on how the nodes are connected to each other, P2P can be distributed into to categories. Unstructured P2Ps do not have any centralized system. Unstructured P2P have 3 types of categories called pure peer-to-peer, hybrid peer-to-peer, and centralized peer-to-peer. Each have a different thing assigned to them. Structured P2P consists protocol to ensure any node can efficiently route to search some peer that has desired files even if the file is r...
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...hral Communications and Design and United Devices. A medium for P2P networking that is still untouched is wireless world.
There are many possible applications P2P networking that are under development today. The wave of P2P applications to the release of Mosiac, the first popular Web browser. It was impossible to imagine eBay, Amazon or Yahoo! Still they are still among us. These applications use the P2P networking. Many different industries agree that the applications of P2P are limitless.
In conclusion, Peer-to-Peer Networking uses a file sharing system but it’s not consisted only that. P2P computer uses a server and client model. From Usenet P2P networking have been growing and will always keep growing. It’s been a very big part of Intel Company, which uses P2P for their computer chips. Peer-to-Peer Networking is changing the way we share information and
wireless communication got a lot of attention when a message was transmitted that allowed for
Napster is a virtual community, which consists of music news and chat-rooms, the main feature it offers is an easy way to download MP3's (music files). This controversial service has brought the lawsuit to Napster. Napster allows its subscribers to download the music files without charge. It is not however, from Napster that the subscribers get these files. It is from each other. The users share their hard drives so that other users can download any of their music files that they want.
About 5 years ago Napster, a network software application, was being used to download music files. The network was growing faster than anybody who ever started it would have imagined. When artists, songwriters, and all of the other people involved in making CD's realized that this wasn't going to slow down any time soon, they decided that they needed to stop Napster. Little by little, Napster was being less used and it became harder to find the songs wanted until nobody used it anymore. When all of this was happening, other applications were made available. Kazaa and Grokster are probably the two most used Peer to Peer, or P2P file sharing networks you can find, although there are many others.
Anticipate the moment at which all your personal electronic devices - headphone audio player, cellular telephone, pager, dictaphone, camcorder, personal digital assistant (PDA), electronic stylus, radiomodem, calculator, Loran positioning system, smart spectacles, VCR remote, data glove, electronic jogging shoes that count your steps and flash warning signals at oncoming cars, medical monitoring system, pacemaker (if you are so unfortunate), and anything else that you might habitually wear or occasionally carry - can seamlessly be linked in a wireless bodynet that allows them to function as an integrated system and connects them to the worldwide digital network. (Mitchell 29)
Will we find a replication of this history in P2P technology? Even though we will have to wait qui...
...ed “torrenting”. When something is “torrented”, it is spread across multiple computers in hundred of fragments. After someone has there “torrenting” software setup properly it tracks the fragments, downloads them, and re-assembles them into a duplicate of the original file. Torrenting is most common because it provides a degree of anonymity too music sharing, it is safety in numbers.
A peer-to-peer network is relatively less expensive and much simpler to manage and setup, than client/server because money does not have to be invested in establishing server hardware or software and the number of users are minimal. Since, a peer-to-peer network is only preferable on networks operating on at least five to ten computers that do not need heavy file or application sharing, the cost is reasonable. On another note, based on a network with fifteen workstations, using a peer-to-peer configuration may save money upfront, but it could cost a business a lot of time and money in the long run. The reasons for this include, the lack of a central organization, which make data harder to find, no central storage location for archiving files, which may degrade client workstation performance, and lack of overall network management.
The peer to peer lending activity consists for individuals to lend and borrow money to and from other inviduals against interests through a peer to peer fund. Peer to peer lending and borrowing is actually competitive.As with all financial market, the risk determines the spread between borrowing and lending rates. The return for the lender is higher than from a bank while the borrower obtains money for as low as 3 to 5%. Although, it may go as high as 20% to cover the risk.
On the Internet, peer-to-peer (referred to as P2P) is a type of transient Internet network that allows a group of computer users with the same networking program to connect with each other and directly access files from one another's hard drives.
Miller, A.B. (2001), Bluetooth Revealed: The Insiders Guide to an Open Specification for Global Wireless Communications, 2nd Edition, USA, Prentice Hall [Accessed 6th April, 2008]
The world has gone through a lot of changed as time passes by. With advancements in the technological field people are can communicate with ones from around the world without having to even lift a finger. To make things more efficient and more cost saving industries have made technology wireless. Wireless technology gives people the chance to get up from their stationary computer, or cord phone and able to freely move without restrictions. The IT, or Information Technology has become a standard and very critical part of today’s society. Wireless technology came from the basic just cellular usage to sensors in the medical field. Wires are now a thing of the past in today’s world with forever revitalizing technology.
The first online peer to peer file-sharing application was Napster. Napster allowed people to copy music from their CDs onto their computers in mp3 format. They then allowed other members of Napster to download these songs onto their computers. Once this caught on, millions of people were downloading thousands of songs a day. And as you can imagine, this did not make the record companies happy with the idea that people were getting their music for free instead of buying the CD. It also caused a problem with some of the recording artists. Most notably Metallica.
All around the world people connected to the internet are downloading free digital content through P2P file sharing software.
Peer-to-peer (P2P) is a substitute network design to the conventional client-server architecture. P2P networks utilize a decentralised model in which each system, act as a peer, and serve as a client with its own layer of server functionality. A companion plays the role of a client and a server in the meantime. That is, the node can send calls to other nodes, and at the same time respond to approaching calls from other companions in the system. It is different from the traditional client-server model where a client can just send requests to a server and then wait for the server’s response.
With the popularity of the Internet, sales for CDs, DVDs, Movies, and many other products have increased. Along with the increase of sales has brought forth an ever increasing problem of illegal media being downloaded. Programs such as Bittorent, Kazaa, and other direct-connect networking programs have allowed the transferring of such illegal media. Downloading song files from the Internet over a free peer to peer network is the moral equivalent of shoplifting music CDs from the local mall.