Animal testing has been around since the third and fourth centuries BC, when it was performed by Greek philosopher-physicians. However, it is unknown when people began to question this process. In today’s society, the idea of testing products on animals has become more and more controversial with numerous groups being created and becoming even more vocal. While people will decide for themselves where they stand in this argument, I would hope that most would agree that animal abuse is wrong. So, if animal abuse is wrong and animal testing can be, and usually is, much more painful and severe than animal abuse; why can’t people agree on the subject of animal testing? However, the argument for animal testing is also legitimate. Animal testing can help scientists find side effects, medicines, even cures. So, are the advantages of testing on animals worth the ethical issues it creates?
The history of animal testing is a long and controversial one. Early Greek physician-scientists Aristotle (384 – 322 BC) and Erasistratus (304 – 258 BC), to name a couple, performed experiments on living animals. Galen (129 – 199 / 217 AD), also a Greek physician, practiced in Rome and was very important in the history of medicine. He conducted animal experiments to advance the understanding of anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. In twelfth century Moorish Spain, an Arab physician by the name of Ibn Zuhr was the first to use animal testing as an experimental method for testing surgical procedures before using them on human patients. William Harvey was an English physician during the 17th Century. He experimented with many animal species aiming to demonstrate blood circulation. In 1859, Charles Darwin's evolutionary theory reinforced th...
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http://www.animalresearch.info/en/designing-research/why-animals-are-used/
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http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/cons-products/fashion-/-cosmetics-/-jewellery/government-bans-cosmetic-companies-from-testing-on-animals/articleshow/29241813.cms
http://caat.jhsph.edu/
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Animal testing has gone back as far as three hundred B.C.E with the Greek physician and philosopher, Aristotle (*). Then there was Galen, a Greek physician, who studied animals in Rome and learned more about medicine, made advancements in understanding anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. To modern society, Galen is referred to as being the father of vivisection. In the twelfth century in Spain, Ibn Zuhr, an Arab physician who made use of animal experimentation that led to testing the effectiveness of surgical procedures, first on animals, and then applying the information to human patients. Though most of his testings were on goats, much of his research went into postmortem autopsies and dissections. (Hajar) (Naik)
Historically, the use of animals for experimental purposes dates back to early Greek physician-scientists. Aristotle and Galen both conducted experiments on animals in an effort to contribute to our understanding of science and medicine.1 Claude Bernard later established animal experimentation as part of the scientific method. Known as the father of physiology, Bernard stated that “experiments on animals are entirely conclusive for the toxicology and hygiene of man. The effects of these substances are the same on man as on animals, save for differences in degree.”1 Bernard’s work strongly influenced the use of animals in biomedical research, which has become a common, and often required, practice today. The American Medical Association (AMA)...
There are many pros and cons to the practice of animal testing. Unfortunately, neither side pleases everyone- including the general public, government and scientists. Animal testing is a process that has been going on for centuries for many different reasons; finding drugs and treatments to improve health and medication. Many medical treatments have been made possible by animal testing, including cancer, HIV drugs, insulin, antibiotics, vaccines and many more. Scientists usually use animals for testing purpose because they are considering similar to humans. Animals have their differences, and are also similarities. This is what comparative medicine is about: researches use both similarities and differences to gain insight into the many complex human biological systems.
Some would argue that animal testing is torture. Some would say that animal testing is completely necessary. There is no reason for animal testing to happen. There are several statistics that point to the negative side of animal testing. There are more pointing to the negative than to the positive. What is the point on testing on animals when we have statistics like how only 1.16% of the diseases are found in animals, or that 92% of the things that do pass through animal testing do not even work on humans? Europe, Israel, and India have already banned animal testing for cosmetics, because it was too harmful on the animals.
Animal testing has been a highly debated topic in recent years. There are many people who have finally started to speak their minds and tell how they feel about testing on animals. But just as there are those who oppose animal testing, there are those who fully support it. A majority of people who do not support animal testing provide valid facts and information for why it is not needed. Some of the facts that they provide revolve around the conditions that the animals have to endure in the testing labs. The Animal Welfare Act lays out rules about how animals are allowed to be tortured, beaten, maimed, and all sorts of other things as long as they get pain relief. Those who oppose animal testing also provide facts that show how unreliable the
...ed, the contribution you had made to cease animal testing will create an immense feeling of satisfaction.
The way I look at animal testing is a form hateful cruelty. None of these people care about if it hurts or kills the animals. The cruelty has been going on long enough and I think it is time to stop. What people do not know is that animal’s react a different way to drugs as humans do, so scientist cannot apply the results to humans. Many animals go through screaming, unbearable, horrific; you cannot even imagine pain when they go through test for products that you use every day such as: Cosmetics, Household Products, Medical Products, even Iams dog products. Some well-known animals that are use for testing are: cats, dogs, mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, gerbils, sheep, llamas, cattle, owls, deer, monkeys and other primates. These are not, by any means, all of the animals that they use. These are just the most common ("Animal Rights: Animal Testing"). Animals cannot tell you that something hurts, but they can scream to let the scientist know, but none of them care that it hurts them so bad. Some scientist do not see that countless animals suffer and die, or that it is just plain wrong. These animals suffer, feel pain, hurt and want to live as we do. These companies have burned the skin off some animals, mutilated some bunnies’ ears, poisoned the mice, punching puppies in the face, drip a substance in bunnies eyes, and the suffering and dying of these animals has gone on too long.
The history of animal experimentation and tests, and the argument surrounding it, has an expansive and somewhat extensive history. Some of the first medical research that was conducted on living animals was done by Aelius Galenus, better known as Galen, in the second century C.E. There have been examples of animal testing in earlier dates, but Galen devoted his life to understanding science and medicine, so he is attributed to being the father of vivisection. In the twelfth century, an Arabic physician named Avenzoar introduced animal testing dissections as a means to better understand surgery before preforming the operation on a human patient. Edmund O’Meara made one of the first opposing ar...
Picture yourself in a testing laboratory; needles, drugs, and knives pointed in your direction with you having no idea what’s going on around you, this is how animals everyday are treated, we have to stop this now! Millions of animals are killed in laboratories everyday with no chance to object to what the testers are about to do to them. Animals feel as much pain as humans do so why does it make it okay to test on them when they are so alike to humans? Every day people test makeup, shampoos, and medicines on animals, the strange thing is that animals have different skin, hair, and internal organs than humans have. Since the animals have different internal organs than humans only 5-25% of the testing results are agreeable between animals and humans. Humans don’t allow animals to have the right to say that they don’t want to be tested on, but humans have the rights to say they do or do not want to be tested on. There are many non-animal alternatives that humans can use to test products, but many testers refuse to use them. Do you think that these animals enjoy being tested on?! Animals are being tormented everyday in laboratories, animal testing must stop!
Animal testing is the use of non-human animals for scientific experimentation. There are estimates that 50 to 100 million vertebrate animals worldwide from zebra fish to on-human primates are used annually. Much larger numbers of invertebrates are used even flies and worms are used has model organisms are very important, experiments on invertebrates are largely unregulated and not included in statistics. Animals are euthanized after being used in a experiment. Some of these animals are purpose-bred and others are caught in the wild or they are supplied by dealers who obtain them from auctions and pounds. The testing on the animals are conducted inside universities, medical schools, pharmaceutical companies, farms, defense establishments and commercial facilities that provide animal-testing services to industry. Some of the tests that researchers do on the animals are biomedical research transplantation, drug testing and toxicology test, cosmetics and other animals are used for directional research, breeding and defense research. Organizations like PETA and BUVA thinks it it not a necessity for this testings. They think is is cruel, poor scientific practice, poorly regulated and that animals used for experimentations have an intrinsic right not be be used for experimentation. Many Americans don’t agree with testing on animals. Testing animals is wrong and they are just poor helpless animals and they die every day. They are testing animals with products such has soap, household cleaners, drugs, cosmetics, pesticides and other chemicals. Drug tests that are done on animals that pass the test end up harming or killing humans. Lists of animals that get tested daily are cats, dogs, monkeys, mice, and rabbits. The researchers test these ...
Around each year 26 million animals in the United States are taken away from their habitat and are used for animal testing. These animals are used for scientific developments and commercial products therefore when being tested on these animals they are harmed. Animal testing is wrong because animals have feelings, emotions, and a life. Animals should have the right to not be taken away from there habitat to be in a cage tested and abused. Since scientists are experimenting why not experiment on some thing other then animals. Human products should be used on humans since it’s for human and not used on innocent animals. This is one of the many reasons of animal extinctions and scientists are encouraging others to try and do there experiment on these poor animals therefore people around the world should stand against it.
What’s more important, a human life, or an animal life? It may sound sad but, animal testing is vital for the survival of the human race. The human race should be able to test on animals, if it concerns our own survival, even if the animal might get hurt, or die. A researcher named Frankie L. Trull said, “Thanks to animal research, many diseases that once killed millions of people every year are either treatable or have been eradicated all together.”
According to the Humane Society, up to 90% of the animals in the United States are tested on in Laboratories. The space race was formally known for the first man in space. But why animals? The first animal sent to space never returned. "Laika" was let into space in extremely poor conditions. The shuttle was very hot and there was no way for her to get back, all this was for science purposes. In my opinion animal testing was not necessary in the space race because it was unethical and inhumane.
Nearly 100 million animals are killed by medical tests, experiments, and lab work each year. Even though many animals are killed, ⅔ of americans still say that it is acceptable for animals to be tested on. Many say that the animals’ sacrifices are worth it.
First of all, animal testing should be banned in order to protect the rights of animals. In other words, animals’ rights are infringed by experimenting on them. Animals and humans are similar in many ways. To begin with, they have similar levels of biological complexity. They both are aware that they exist and they both make conscious choices. Philosophy professor at North Carolina State University Tom Regan points out "Animals have a basic moral right to respectful treatment. This inherent value is not respected when animals are reduced to being mere tools in a scientific experiment." (F. B. Orlans) Experimentation on an animal ...