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Animal testing and its effect
Animal testing
Animal testing and its effect
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Animals have been used through out medical research. The first documented case that animals were used for research was “Galen (129-199/ 217 AD),” Galen conducted animal experimentation to understand the anatomy, physiology, and pathology further. Another physician that furthered along animal testing was Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar) who introduced animal testing as an experimental method for testing surgical procedures. This was used before testing on human patients to make sure there were fewer casualties. Scientific research relies on animal testing in order to predict human reactions to drugs and products. Researchers also use animals to test the outcome of disease patterns such as Hepatitis and AIDS. A great deal of medications used in today’s society was first tested on animals. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration “Animals are sometimes used in the testing of drugs, vaccine and …show more content…
In order for new prescription drugs to be approved by the FDA it must first be tested in laboratory on animal. According to Carl Cohen and Tom Regan authors of The Animal Rights Debates “Experiments using animals to advance human well-being are so many and so complex that a full account is impossible to present; it would require medical library to report. Almost all, drugs, all vaccines, and all medical treatments that are now in wide use or now under development would not be available to us, or to our children, had there been no animal experiments to establish their safety and efficacy.” The purpose for animal testing is to focus on the biocompatibility of humans. Biocompatibility is related to the ability of a material to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific situation. Animal testing is necessary and vital to the well being of humans. Although there are drug trials that may not included animals the FDA stated “non-animal testing is not yet scientifically valid and available options. However, there are laws and guidelines to animals testing as set for
The European Union (composed of 28 European countries) and India have both banned animal testing in their countries. The European Union has stated that animal testing is unnecessary which is proven by the Food and Drug Administration proved that 92% of all products that reacted positively in animals were harmful or ineffective in humans as we are two completely different species! Albeit, keep in mind that this 92% is a part of the rare drugs that are found to be effective or even safe for animals. In addition, many people may be concerned that we may have to test out new products on humans instead of animals. The thing is that we already do. For the reason that animal testing is so unreliable, someone will have to, some time or another, be the person to test the specific drug.
Is animal testing really worth taking away animal’s valuable lives? No, I think it’s wrong, inhumane, and cruel. Animals have feelings like humans do and they should be treated with respect even though they are just animals.When animals are tested over time they live in cruel and harsh conditions. They are tied up and changed to their cages or devices they are being tested on. Almost all tests fail in humans and it is not worth sacrificing an animals life.Think about all the things animals have to go through all the harsh and cruel treatment.They are put in conditions where they are not allowed to eat or drink and move around. Is it really worth killing an animals for eyeliner that will never hit the market or for drugs that all fail in humans. So here are some of the reasons I think we should ban all animal testing.
Every year about 100 million animals suffer through being poisoned, shocked, and burned for unsuccessful medical research. Some may believe that animal testing is a crucial part to medical research and should be used more frequently. Others believe the pain and suffering inflicted upon the animals is morally wrong and should not be done, no matter what benefits come from it.
Every year, millions of animals are injured or killed in scientific experiments across the world. Those in favor of animal experimentation say they’re taking animals’ lives to save humans. But is it really necessary to subject animals to torturous conditions or painful experiments in the name of science? Is it ethical to destroy an animal’s life while simply testing lipstick or shampoo? Animal experimentation, like many of the issues we face today, is difficult to argue against, and just as hard to support, but it is necessary to continue this experimentation in order to advance human knowledge and to help save human lives.
Every year millions of animals are abused, injured, and hurt. It seems as if humans are not very concerned about animal rights according to these statistics.. Animal rights is the idea that animals should not have to suffer and be able to be in possession of their life. Some people are willing to sacrifice things such as certain brands of makeup or certain kinds of food to improve animal welfare. For many years animals have been experimented on and placed in factory farms. Factory farming is a method of producing food products where the factories value how much they produce and how much they profit over the welfare of the animals. These farms keep animals confined in small spaces and make the animals eat things they were not originally
Animal testing is an immoral, heinous, atrocious act. One should never put an animal before his own life; we are all here on earth due to some strand of evolution or the other, making prejudice and other discriminations (man or not) obsolete and meaningless. Those who would think themselves above another creature are each failures in their own individual way. The rights of animals cannot be questioned, it is an inalienable fact that most do not understand, when given thought that is free of bias and the plague of arrogance, as Arthur Schopenhauer once said: “The assumption that animals are without rights and the illusion that our treatment of them has no moral significance is a positively outrageous example of Western crudity and barbarity. Universal compassion is the only guarantee of morality.” In a society as unquestionably advanced as man, a society in which even the consumption of meat is an indulgence and in no way necessary, the duty of treating all life with anything more than a central nervous system is nothing less than a law.
Animals and humans have different genes meaning that the products being used are going to have different effects on different species (Burrell). After a drug has been tested on a animal, the drug still has to go through a human trial. Which means that the drug they just spent all that time testing on the animal, still needs to be tested on a human to actually make it purchasable. Sadly, “92% of experimental drugs that are safe and effective in animals fail in human clinical trials because they are too dangerous or don’t work” (“11 Facts”). Meaning that most of the drugs used on animals, actually are not benefiting humans. A few of the drugs passed from animals, were detrimental to humans. For example, a arthritis drug tested on mice, seemed to protect their hearts, but when used on humans, it was the cause of heart attacks and sudden cardiac deaths (“12 Pros and Cons”). Even when some drugs are passed, they show some side effects that were not shown during the test trial. Animals have been used to help the “war on cancer”, but the tests haven’t transferred from humans to animals. The former head of the National Cancer Institute, Richard Klausner, has stated, “The history of cancer research has been a history of curing cancer in the mouse. We have cured mice of cancer for decades and it simply didn’t work in humans” (“Animal Testing”). Meaning that they have learned the ways of curing mice with
Animals are used as a part of experimentations in order to accomplish new openings. A few individuals think that it is satisfactory, while others contend that it is not moral to sacrifice animals for science. Estimated, that fifty to one hundred million of animals are used for tests in the world. Despite the significance of experiments, the quantity of animals and purpose of research are not under any control. Animals testing should be banned under a few circumstances; we can enhance the situation by using alternative ways such as replacement, reduction, and refinement according to International Society for Applied Ethology.
Animal testing has gone back as far as three hundred B.C.E with the Greek physician and philosopher, Aristotle (*). Then there was Galen, a Greek physician, who studied animals in Rome and learned more about medicine, made advancements in understanding anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. To modern society, Galen is referred to as being the father of vivisection. In the twelfth century in Spain, Ibn Zuhr, an Arab physician who made use of animal experimentation that led to testing the effectiveness of surgical procedures, first on animals, and then applying the information to human patients. Though most of his testings were on goats, much of his research went into postmortem autopsies and dissections. (Hajar) (Naik)
The history of animal experimentation and tests, and the argument surrounding it, has an expansive and somewhat extensive history. Some of the first medical research that was conducted on living animals was done by Aelius Galenus, better known as Galen, in the second century C.E. There have been examples of animal testing in earlier dates, but Galen devoted his life to understanding science and medicine, so he is attributed to being the father of vivisection. In the twelfth century, an Arabic physician named Avenzoar introduced animal testing dissections as a means to better understand surgery before preforming the operation on a human patient. Edmund O’Meara made one of the first opposing ar...
Not only do we have other options for these tests, but animals testing has actually been proven to be ineffective. Companies claim that this sort of cruelty will benefit the human population by testing the “safety” of the products, as they have been for hundreds of years and although this may have been helpful in the past, scientists have discovered otherwise. “While funding for animal experimentation and the number of animals tested on continues to increase, the United States still ranks 49th in the world in life expectancy and second worst in infant mortality in the developed world” (“Animal Testing Is”). This evidence shows that while we still continue to support and spend money on animal testing, it is not working as well as we thought.Essentially we are torturing the animals for a negative outcome, both for the human and the animal. The Food and Drug Administration reports that “92 out of every 100 drugs that pass animal tests fail in humans” (“Top Five Reasons”). If the products and drugs that we are testing on the animals are not working then there is no use in harming a harmless animal for them. Some may disagree and say that animal testing has enabled us to develop many life saving treatments for both humans and animals. But in reality there has been more cons then pros in animal testing. For example, “Animal tests on the arthritis drug Vioxx showed that it had a protective effect on the hearts of mice, yet the drug went on to cause more than 27,000 heart attacks and sudden cardiac deaths before being pulled from the market” (Should Animals Be). While animal testing has enabled us to create great products it is usually ineffective on humans and leads to animals being harmed for no
Animal testing is one the most beyond cruelty against animals. It is estimated about 7 million innocent animals are electrocuted, blinded, scalded, force-fed chemicals, genetically manipulated, killed in the name of science. By private institutions, households products, cosmetics companies, government agencies, educational institutions and scientific centers. From the products we use every day, such as soap, make-up, furniture polish, cleaning products, and perfumes. Over 1 million dogs, cats, primates, sheep, hamsters and guinea pigs are used in labs each year. Of those, over 86,000 are dogs and cat. All companies are most likely to test on animals to make patients feel safe and are more likely to trust medicines if they know they have been tested on animals first (PETA, N.D, page 1). These tests are done only to protect companies from consumer lawsuits. Although it’s not quite true, Humans and animals don’t always react in the same way to drugs. In the UK an estimated 10,000 people are killed or severely disabled every year by unexpected reactions to drugs, all these drugs have passed animal tests. Animal testing is often unpredictable in how products will work on people. Some estimates say up to 92 percent of tests passed on animals failed when tried on humans (Procon.org, 2014, page 1). Animal testing can’t show all the potential uses for a drug. The test results are...
Penicillin, a vital antibiotic for infection is toxic to ginea pigs. Animal testing isn’t reliable option for human medication or products. Animals have different genetic make up than humans. Mike Leavitt, The Health and Human Service Secretary, states “ Nine out of ten experimental drug fail in clinical studies because we cannot accurately predict how they will behave in people based on laboratory and animal studies.” (Animal Research is Unethical and Scientifically Unnecessary). Humans have obvious differenced than animals like physiology and anatomy. These differences are the reason drug testing on animals isn’t equal when medication or product is used in a human trial. Pfizer reported in 2004 that they “wasted more than $2 billion over the past decade on drugs that “failed in advanced human testing or, in a few instances, were forced off the market, because of liver toxicity problems” (Animal Research is Unethical and Scientifically Unnecessary). Some drugs have caused serious and unexpected health problems even after they were tested on animals. Animal
Doctors, nurses, animal care personnel, veterinarians, farmers, conservation managers, teachers, zoo keepers and others engaged in animal-related activities all benefit in animal research to broaden their knowledge. Testing is done as a check on the safety of new drugs or substances for human or animal use, and to check whether new batches of drugs and other agents like vaccines work. There is a legal requirement to test how safe and effective chemicals, drugs and other agents are before they can be sold.
For many years now, animals have been used for testing and experimentation. Many organizations like PETA and the ARF (Animal Rescue Foundation) strongly oppose the topic of animals being experimented on. Many people are against animal testing as a whole because not only does it harm animals, but many times they may be killed. There have been many countless years and protests against testing, and they deserved to be heard and listened to. People have begun to realize that not only does animal testing harm and kill animals every year; it has been pretty much useless.