For over 100 years, Australian poetry has reflected many themes that reveal the changing nature of the Australian identity. The values, attitudes and ideas that were developed about Aborigines have helped reflect the changing nature of Australian society. In the poem, ‘The Last of His Tribe’ by Henry Kendall helps reflect the ideas that were first introduced during the early pioneering era. ‘The Coloured Digger’ by Sapper Bert Beros helps the readers understand the changing nature of Indigenous culture, during the war era. ‘Coming Home Strong’ by Mark O’Connor helps reflect the gradual acceptance of Aborigines during the contemporary era.
During the pioneering era, Indigenous Australians were seen as a dying race, with many believing the future
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During this era, Aborigines have to work to maintain their cultural identity, while at the same time find a place to fit within the complex multicultural society Australia has become (Aboriginal People Today, 2011). Coming Home Strong by Mark O’Connor offers a very similar representation of the Aborigines as to Bero’s The Coloured Digger. The words that he writes about Cathy Freeman and her historic victory reveals the values, attitudes and ideas that majority of the people were learning to accept. O’Connor influences the readers to understand the suffering that the Aborigines had to endure during The Stolen Generation. The use of metaphor helps demonstrate Freeman overcoming her own challenges and goals, but still struggling to accept what happened to her people: “Running into that ocean roar of welcome – with the face of a hurt child striving”. O’Connor’s words help further the idea, as he reveals society’s values and attitudes in learning to accept Aborigines. Connotative language is used to influence the readers to understand O’Connor’s perspective on been able to give recognition to Aborigines: “Our own corroboree - striped Phantom – ghost who runs in pain – to a lap of honour with a double flag”. Using the words ‘our own’ shows the acknowledgement and positive attitude that white Australians have developed towards Aborigines. The value of O’Connor’s poetry helps reflect the change across all era regarding Aborigines. Connotative language is used to help the people understand how monumental her victory was, and how much impact it will have: ‘…but yours was a victory that meant –and what it meant will grow’. Through his values, attitudes and ideas, the readers are influenced to understand O’Connor’s Coming Home Strong and representation of the
These lines exemplify Keating’s constant reference to the non-indigenous group as ‘we’ and ‘us’, this coupled with the accusatory tone present throughout this section of the text ensures that the blame is being put on the white Australian’s of the population. The word choice and tone in ...
Trauma, abuse, displacement, and feelings of alienation have, and is still plaguing the Aboriginal community. Author Eden Robinson and playwright Constance Lindsay Skinner address the displacement, mistreatment, and abuse the indigenous population has faced, and still faces, in Monkey Beach and Birthright. Both Eden Robinson's novel Monkey Beach, and playwright Constance Lindsay Skinner's Birthright deals with characters who are struggling with trauma and haunted with scars from the past. The authors detail these events and bring the reader into the “shoes” of the characters through characterization, imagery, dialogue, and through revealing intimate memories of the characters. These literary techniques enable the reader to see the parallel between the cyclical, ambiguous state of nature, and the ambiguity in humans and how there is a perpetuating, intergenerational cycle of violence caused by abuse and the mistreatment of the Aboriginal.
Growing up, Bennett was surrounded by confronting images of Indigenous Australians causing harm or acting violent towards people, therefore, this is how Gordon Bennett viewed and was taught to believe that this is what Aboriginals were like. Bennett was not told about his mixed heritage until his teenage years, finding out that he was half Anglo-Celtic and half Aboriginal. Gordon Bennett’s artwork ‘Self-portrait (but I always wanted to be one of the good guys) (1990) questions the stereotypes that white Australians give to the rightful owners of Australia. Bennett’s artwork confronts the racism and discrimination suffered by Indigenous Australians by translating Colin McCahon’s work ‘Victory over Death’ (1970). Bennett uses the phrase “I AM” which is accompanied by the phrase, ‘I am light, I am dark’ this phrase means that Bennett has not taken a “side” to the argument and is proud of his mixed heritage. The use of white and black show the segregation that these stereotypes create, with white being the more dominant colour it shows how many people are “against” the Indigenous Australians. Through the visual features and the context of identity it is shown that Bennett has successfully appropriated the work of
One of the many factors that have contributed to the success of Australian poetry both locally and internationally is the insightful commentary or depiction of issues uniquely Australian or strongly applicable to Australia. Many Australian poets have been and are fascinated by the issues relevant to Australia. Many in fact nearly all of these poets have been influenced or have experienced the subject matter they are discussing. These poets range from Oodgeroo Noonuccal Aboriginal and women’s rights activist to Banjo Patterson describing life in the bush. Bruce Dawe is also one of these poets. His insightful representation of the dreary, depressing life of many stay at home mothers in “Up the Wall” is a brilliant example of a poem strongly relevant to Australia.
Both Keating’s and Rudd’s speeches are firmly based on the ideas of recognition and reconciliation for the wrongs that European settlers, and their decedents, have inflicted on Indigenous Australians. To explore this idea I believe that it is necessary to take a closer look at both the plight of Eddie Mabo and the stories of the Stolen Generation.
In the essays "You Can Go Home Again" by Mary TallMountain and "Waiting at the Edge: Words Towards a Life" by Maurice Kenny, both writers are in search of something. Throughout their lives, they 've been mocked and felt out of place due to their Native American heritage. Both authors wanted to disown their heritage; however, it is through this attempted renunciation, that both authors wanted to fit in amongst their peers. In order to do so, TallMountain and Kenny had to search for their selves. Both, TallMountain and Kenny, search for their identity through family, school, and nature.
Thus, this creates connotations to patriotism and pride towards the country the reader lives in. Coupled with the large image of Australia filled with smaller images of people of all ages, and race, sporting the Australian flag, influences the reader to enter the article with a positive attitude towards Australia Day, as it seems to put this day in high esteem, which consequently convinces the audience, before even commencing to read, that the day is about ‘unity’ and not division. The smaller images of a non-traditional and traditional stereotypical Australian prove that race play no part in this celebratory day, creating the sense of Australia being an accepting
The idea that indigenous Australian communities are underprivileged and do not receive the same justice that the white community accrues is represented through Jay Swan and his interactions with the corrupt white police officers and the indigenous locals of the town. My empathetic response to the text as a whole was influenced directly by way the text constructs these ideas as well as my knowledge of the way indigenous Australians are represented in the mainstream media and the behaviour of the police force as an institution. These contextual factors and the way Sen has constructed ideas influenced me to empathise with the indigenous
The Stolen Generation has had a profound impact on every aspect of the lives of Indigenous communities. It has jeopardised their very survival. It has impoverished their capacity to control and direct their future development. The Stolen Generation has corrupted, devastated and destroyed the souls, hopes and beliefs of many Australian lives through damaging assimilation policies established in an attempt to make a ‘White Australia’ possible. Discrimination, racism and prejudice are some of the many permanent scars upon Indigenous life that will never be repaired. However, recently Rudd and the Australian public have sincerely apologised for the detrimental effects the Stolen Generation had caused. The Stolen Generation has dramatically shaped Australian history and culture.
First of all, Indigenous people and Asian have different values and means to Australia. The Australian Indigenous people have lived Australia for long time and they have developed their own culture. However, when the British people started to colonise Australia, the British culture was brought into Australia. They have struggled under the pressure of White Australian. Therefore, whatever their identity can be a part of Australian. On the other hand, most of Asian people came to Australia as immigrants to seek better life. Ommundsen states that Asian Australian literatures made by the writer’s identity and life, for example (512). However, he also argues that “Asia”, “Australia” and “Asian Australia” are uncertain categories (512). In “Love and honour and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice”, there are no strong elements of Australia, and even the protagonist, Nam, lives in Iowa (Le 3), the United States. In “The boat”, Australia is just destination of the main character, a girl named Mai (Le 278). Thus, The Boat seems more Asian literature that Asian Australian literature. It is really difficult to find how Indigenous identity narratives affect to such Asian Australian literatures, because they seems really different from each other. If something must be said, Asian Australian literatures have to refer to Indigenous people. Most Asian immigrants regard Australia as a western country, white culture, and well-developed country. They do not think about Indigenous people so much, so but if Indigenous identity narratives’ increase of importance, Asian Australian literature must include them as
Throughout both ‘Rainbow’s End’ and ‘The Rabbits’, the audience discovers the plights that the Aboriginal Australians faced, due to discrimination and assimilation, in intensely confronting, yet intensely meaningful ways. We see how the discrimination and forced assimilation of cultures was common in the lead up to modern times because of composers like Harrison, Marsden and Tan reminding us of these events, allowing us to discover and rediscover our past wrongs through their works, in order to pave the way for a brighter, harmonious future. Without these documentations and retellings of events such as these, history would repeat itself, conflicts would be more apparent and we as a species would not be able to thrive and prosper due to our prejudices and superiority complexes.
This poem expresses Mackellar’s deep passion and love for “her” country without touching on racial issues, rights or custodianship of the land. Australian born and resisting the identification of her British heritage, Mackellar patriotically declares Australia her own by rejecting the beauty of the British landscape through contrasting it with the romantic ideal of her "sunburnt" country. Mackellar presents to the readers the values and attitudes of a newly federated white Australia with her romanticisation of the Australian landscape.
Aboriginal poet, Kevin Gilbert’s ‘The New True Anthem’ (1988), challenges and questions Dorothea Mackellar’s famous poem ‘My Country’ as well as other patriotic Australian poems. Whilst typical Australian poems depict the country’s identity under a positive light, Gilbert criticises its flaws and defects rather than appreciating its culture and beauty. The poet utilises high modality language and personification to portray what he believes to be the ‘true’ identity of Australia.
Since the time of federation the Aboriginal people have been fighting for their rights through protests, strikes and the notorious ‘day of mourning’. However, over the last century the Australian federal government has generated policies which manage and restrained that of the Aboriginal people’s rights, citizenships and general protection. The Australian government policy that has had the most significant impact on indigenous Australians is the assimilation policy. The reasons behind this include the influences that the stolen generation has had on the indigenous Australians, their relegated rights and their entitlement to vote and the impact that the policy has had on the indigenous people of Australia.
This is an incredible paragraph extracted from Bora Ring. This poem depicts perfectly of the European invasion of Australia. It shows how the traditions and stories are gone, how the hunting and rituals are gone and ‘lost in an alien tale’, the Europeans being the aliens. This poem also describes that it seemed as if the tradition of Aborigines was ‘breathed sleeping and forgot’. These are powerful words Judith Wright used to show how they Aborigines were quickly invaded and ‘forgotten’. This poem is an excellent example of why Australian students should study her poetry.