In the article Conceptualising environmental collective action: why gender matter by author Bina Agarwal, the concept of gender in relation to environmental activist movements is examined, specifically the concept of environmental management and sustainability in regards to forestry in the states of India and Nepal.
The primary argument that Agarwal makes within this article is two fold. First she argues that gender roles and societal roles of engagement in regards to constructs like class or positionality within ones` social order are entirely interlinked. In other words, gender is an important societal fact and so it plays a part in any type of societal or environmental mission, and it must be recognized as such. Secondly, with this component
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Her primary argument is that neglecting gender in regards to environmental management can lead to the improper assessment of the success of CFGs in their community. Within the article Agarwal goes through a very structured systematic bottom up analysis of the CFGs themselves and their relation to gender relations. The first main tier that Agarwal focuses on is that of the community involvement in the CFGs and the environment itself. She argues that women in this context often have a bit of a contradictory connection to the forest and environmental management and their regulation through the CFGs. First off, women tend to have more of a connection to the environment and forest due to the fact that going out and collecting means of fuel like firewood, or means of shelter like wood tend to fall on the head of the women of the house. This means that women often have more of a direct link to the forests themselves. With this in mind though, women have very little input in regards to the CFGs themselves. Majority of the councils and programs in these systems are primarily male dominated, with less then 10% of most councils being female, with the exception of areas that have high levels of male outmigration. Even when female …show more content…
Firstly, since women tend to be more connected and involved with forests and the environment in these places, their input in regards to environmental management will have a different angle then the men who often just go to the forest to collect firewood to sell. Secondly, when regulations are put into place to protect the environmental sanctity they often do not take into account the needs of the local women, meaning women are sometimes barred from using the forest as a resource, and so they may have to travel long distances to get supplies or they may have to spend more time using things like dung cake to heat the house or cook. The result of this is a lack of sustainability in regards to the project itself, as by not connecting with the female populous means not all the possible issues will have answers. It also results in a furthering of the pre-existing gender divide as it forces women to travel further distances or do more work for a lesser
The gender analysis perspective is unique in that it is a new way of seei...
The society aspect of women roles and the duties as a woman. Society plays a role that is shown in a parallel between Girl and the Women’s Swimming Pool. In girl, her role is restricted in the direction by her mother. The restrictions come’s with consequences that she has to follow. These restrictions are guidelines that may or may not help her as a woman but she is subjected to do them in order to survive in a society that is controlled by men.
The Conservation movement was a driving force at the beginning of the twentieth century. It was a time during which Americans were coming to terms with their wasteful ways, and learning to conserve what they quickly realized to be limited resources. In the article from the Ladies’ Home Journal, the author points out that in times past, Americans took advantage of what they thought of as inexhaustible resources. For example, "if they wanted lumber for their houses, rails for their fences, fuel for their stoves, they would cut down half a forest at a time; and whatever they could not use or sell they would leave to rot on the ground. They never bothered their heads to inquire where more wood was coming from when this was gone" (33). The twentieth century opened with a vision towards the future, towards preserving the land that had previously been taken for granted. The Conservation movement came along around the same time as one of the first major waves of the feminist movement. With the two struggles going on: one for the freedom of nature and the other for the freedom of women, it stands to follow that they coincided. As homemakers, activists, and citizens of the United States of America, women have had an important role in Conservation.
There is a belief that before European Contact Indigenous women had a huge role of leadership and responsibilities along with the men. After European Contact Indigenous women had very minimal rights. Men were considered their social, legal and political masters if you will. If a women had an argument or suggestion to discuss with the tribe or council she must discuss the issue through her husband, for her husband to later mention the issue. To this day this affects Indigenous women with trying to get their views back to what it once was. European contact resulted in Indigenous women not having the equality that they had before. Indigenous women are working hard with protesting and trying to win their equality
Warren, K. J. (1995). The Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism. In M. H. MacKinnon & M. McIntyre (Eds.), Readings in Ecology and Feminist Theology (172-195). Kansas City: Sheed and Ward.
In the society we live in, gender plays a great role, is not biological rader it’s refereed to as a social behavior pattern. It is constructed on male and female character and traditional beliefs. The society has often reflected its passion on gender roles. For instance In the media today women are given roles that suit men which makes them challenge men for their right, they are represented as entertainment for men, women are likely to be the source of leading news stories nowadays.
perspective on the concept, arguing that gender is a cultural performance. Her careful reading of
In Belmont’s article “Ecofeminism and the Natural Disaster Heroine” she notes that the definition of ecofeminism stems from the “theory that the ideologies which authorize injustices based on gender, race, and class are related to the ideologies which sanction the exploitation and degradation of the environment” (351). In Jurassic Park, the film makes clear distinction of gender boundaries. For instance, when the group first meets th...
Women and gender studies contribute greatly to our understanding of the social and cultural world we inhabit. Studying the complex issues of this field has instituted many key insights. Two major insights that positively affected our society are the awareness through learning and through this awareness activism that can ensue.
As Lorber explores in her essay “Night to His Day”: The Social Construction of Gender, “most people find it hard to believe that gender is constantly created and re-created out of human interaction, out of social life, and is the texture and order of that social life” (Lorber 1). This article was very intriguing because I thought of my gender as my sex but they are not the same. Lorber has tried to prove that gender has a different meaning that what is usually perceived of through ordinary connotation. Gender is the “role” we are given, or the role we give to ourselves. Throughout the article it is obvious that we are to act appropriately according to the norms and society has power over us to make us conform. As a member of a gender an individual is pushed to conform to social expectations of his/her group.
...action with others… especially men. This supplies final substantiation of the authors' argument, that women continue to be oppressed by their male-dominated societies. It is a bold undertaking for women to ally and promote a world movement to abandon sexist traditions. Although I have never lived in a third world or non-Westernized country, I have studied the conditions women suffer as "inferior" to men. In National Geographic and various courses I have taken, these terrible conditions are depicted in full color. Gender inequality is a terrible trait of our global society, and unfortunately, a trait that might not be ready to change. In America we see gender bias towards women in voters' unwillingness to elect more females into high office, and while this is not nearly as severe as the rest of the world, it indicates the lingering practice of gender inequality.
In Barbara J. Risman Article Gender as a Social Structure theory wrestling with activism, Risman argues the importance of recognizing and developing gender as a social structure. The author outlines the dimensions of society and argues how defining the social structure can help understand how gender relates to each. The dimension of society includes institutional,interactional and individual. Risman in the article also discusses the roles and norms the social structure has created in society for men and women and the idea that these roles and norms have created categories. “A theory of gender as a social structure must integrate this notion of causality as recursive with attention to gender
... will allow the lesser gender in society the chance to expand and experience growth in many dimensions. This growth and development will allow for equal and various opportunities for those at a disadvantage within society and around the world. For centuries, men and women have had completely different roles in their daily life, but with the advancements made towards gender equality, a shift has been made from a male dominated society to one where both men and women can interact in a manner that prevents a patriarchal society.
Gender is an important aspect of our social life; it comprises of power relations, the division of labour, symbolic forms and emotional relations (Connel, 2000).
Women's impact is simply due to the fact that they are now educating themselves. They are now concerned with the improvement of their own position. Women are fighting for their...