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psychology in human behavior essay
psychology behavior and mental processes
psychology in human behavior essay
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Essay #2: Classical Argument People fear what they do not know or understand. Madness, or insanity can be defined as severe mental illness or abnormal behavior. It can mean that one cannot conform to society or is simply foolish. Every definition of the word, however, pertains to some deficiency in one 's relationship with oneself or the world. If a man cannot get along with people in the world because he does not operate by the same set of logical principles, moral precepts, or social graces that the society around him accepts, that society might consider him insane. When people presume that someone is mad they begin to categorize them into groups and restrict some of their freedoms. This is illustrated in several books and films that depict how people are inhibited from doing what they In the book, Catch-22, by Joseph Heller, Yossarian and several of his comrades are indirectly characterized as insane members of the American Air Force. Yossarian is labelled by his comrades as crazy because he repeatedly fakes illness to stay in the hospital and takes wild evasive action on every mission to avoid danger. Yet, by some standards, he is sane because he is trying to stay alive albeit his occupation as a soldier. Technical definitions aside, the men use the term "crazy" to describe the world around them because war is unfamiliar, unnatural, and cruel. They are on some level reacting with incredulity to the fact that they must go about their daily lives dealing with death and perilous danger. Paranoia and extreme fits of anger usually mark a person who is not fit to get along in his surroundings, but calm nonchalance amidst destruction and death can also be seen as disturbing or perverse behavior, too. Few of the characters in Catch-22 are treated unfairly, or less serious, because the airmen treat each other as
In Joseph Heller’s Catch-22, many of the character are conformists or conform to something one way or another. Major Major tries to act like the other men but still ends up being hated by everyone for no real reason besides being a major. Yossarian was in Pianosa and was just dealing with strangers shooting at him. He followed orders. However, he questioned why they had to do the things they were doing in the first place, why he had to kill people he didn’t know before they killed him first. At first, it did not bother him that he was killing people, but he was afraid of death. His fear of his own mortality caused him to question the order of his commanding officers and question his friends who actually enjoyed being in the war,
The clerk sneezed three times in rapid succession and looked at me through watery eyes. "What did you say your name was?" I told him my name and he turned to a towering file cabinet overflowing with papers and brown manila envelopes. After sneezing three times and searching through a drawer, he pulled out a thin folder and laid it on the counter. "Ah," he said in a nasal voice laden with condescension and impatience. "I see you have no experience in our particular area of expertise. Come back when you get some experience." I explained that I was there to get experience. "Well, I don't see how you can find any work with your experience," the clerk groused, peering at me through a pair of horn-rimmed glasses. "Federal regulation Catch-22." He sneezed three times. I stared, trying to comprehend the logic of this ineffectual bureaucrat. He wouldn't hire me with my level of experience, but I could only get experience by working at this company. He sneezed three times. There was only one catch, and it was Catch-22.
Taking place during World War II, the novel “Catch-22” introduces Captain John Yossarian, who is in the United States Air Force, while in a hospital acquiring from an illness of his liver. He is constantly concerned that people are trying to kill him, proving in postponing his number of missions and going to extremities at times such as poisoning his own squadron and moving the bomb line during the Great Big Siege of Bologna. Yossarian’s character endeavors at all costs to stay in the hospital by reason of "There was a much lower death rate inside the hospital than outside the hospital, and a much healthier death rate. Few people died unnecessarily." (175). While he desperately refused to complete his never ending missions in the dilemma of Catch-22, author Joseph Heller classifies Yossarian as a hero because of his loyalty, his ability to remain sane throughout the war, and his heroic characteristics.
Catch 22 by Joseph Heller is a complex and intricate novel. Heller uses many themes, does not have the story line in chronological order and often uses irony in his descriptions. Many of the themes can be compared to other literature. One of the themes that can be compared is fear in war. The idea is that the evils and cruelty of war can make a grown man go back into a "fetal" state. This can be seen in The Ball Turret Gunner by Randall Jarrell and can be compared to the metaphor used in chapter five of Catch 22. In this chapter Yossarian talks about the tight crawl space which led to the plexiglass bombardier’s compartment.
“The ones who are insane enough to think that they can rule the world are always the ones who do.”- Stefan Molyneux. Insanity is an inherently foreign but ancient concept, it can be defined as when the mental processes of a person functions out of the social norm. An example of a person with such a mental state is Crake from Margaret Atwood’s book, “Oryx and Crake”. Crake is a mature and brilliant but unhinged person, who is responsible for the destruction of mankind, who believes that the root of all problems in the world is man himself. This could define Crake as a psychopath, with an askewed moral compass, as he knows what his actions are wrong but he continues with them. In the tale, the main character, Jimmy/Snowman, recounts his past
Prior to meeting Mudd, Yossarian was characterized as the fearless lead bombardier, the one who turned back a second time to make sure the bridge from the Ferrara mission was destroyed in spite of heavy anti-aircraft fire. However, after Mudd dies, Yossarian is never described as a brave, patriotic soldier because he makes it his initiative to steer clear of flying missions. He reached an epiphany that his life was more important than fighting a pointless war. The only people who supported the war were people like Colonel Cathcart and Colonel Korn, both of whom wanted a pretty bomb pattern, and Lieutenant Milo Minderbinder, who only cared for the success of his ever expanding syndicate. In a normal world, a soldier who doesn’t complete his duty, or follow the orders of a superior, would be considered a disobedient coward. However, in Catch 22 the world is inverted – the sane are insane and the insane are sane. Yossarian’s fear of being forgotten because of death, like Mudd, takes over the way he lives. He takes refuge in the hospital for a suspiciously long period of time, claiming his liver is inflicting him pain, making him unfit for combat. Yossarian’s reasonable fear influenced some of his friends like Major Danby, Dunbar, and the Chaplain. Major Danby, encourages Yossarian to run away, giving him enough money to reach Sweden, where Orr snuck away to.
The sickness of insanity stems from external forces and stimuli, ever-present in our world, weighing heavily on the psychological, neurological, and cognitive parts of our mind. It can drive one to madness through its relentless, biased, and poisoned view of the world, creating a dichotomy between what is real and imagined. It is a defense mechanism that allows one to suffer the harms of injustice, prejudice, and discrimination, all at the expense of one’s physical and mental faculties.
Everyone is considered insane to a certain degree. Whether one defines it as mentally unstable or as someone that is being viewed wrong, there is no truly sane person. The Catcher in the Rye presents a conflict that leaves the reader pondering over the idea whether the main character, Holden Caulfield, is mad. They base his madness off of his behaviors and personality. Even though he could be considered insane, there is a reason behind his strange choice in actions. This misunderstood madness places an important role throughout the novel.
In literature, there is often a character who aims to achieve his goals using deception and trickery. Whether deception can be driven by desires that are morally wrong, such as greed or political power, it can often end up both hurting and helping others. While these characters can seem out of place, they often bring a significant meaning or theme. In the novel Catch-22, by Joseph Heller, the character of Milo Minderbinder employs deception as a means to satisfy his personal greed and yearning for power at the expense of others.
What is madness? Is madness a brain disorder or a chemical imbalance? On the other hand, is it an expressed behavior that is far different from what society would believe is "normal"? Lawrence Durrell addresses these questions when he explores society's response to madness in his short story pair "Zero and Asylum in the Snow," which resembles the nearly incoherent ramblings of a madman. In these stories, Durrell portrays how sane, or lucid, people cannot grasp and understand the concept of madness. This inability to understand madness leads society to fear behavior that is different from "normal," and subsequently, this fear dictates how they deal with it. These responses include putting a name to what they fear and locking it up in an effort to control it. Underlying all, however, Durrell repeatedly raises the question: who should define what is mad?
Catch-22, by Joseph Heller, is a fictitious novel that depicts life on an American bomber squadron on Pianosa, an island off the coast of Italy, during the closing years of World War II. A bombardier by the name of Yossarian, the main character in the story, is joined by many others to create a comic drama unlike any other. But aside from the entertainment, Heller uses Catch-22 to satirize many aspects of everyday life that consist of hypocrisy, corruption, and insanity. From the laziness of policeman to the fake happiness brought about by money, the novel is painted with a great number of points targeted against the faults of modern society. However, along with these smaller targets, a majority of the Heller’s satire in the novel is aimed specifically at the imperious bureaucracy in the military, the current nature of man, and the corruption of religion; all of which accentuate the senselessness of war itself. Through Yossarian, who is conscience of what is sane, along with characters who are not, Heller emphasizes his ridicule by making what is appropriate seem peculiar and what is ludicrous seem common, ultimately giving the reader a viewpoint that proves astonishingly effective.
Bureaucracy and war are common subjects of many satirical novels, but Joseph Heller creates a complete illogical and absurd world formulated around both of these subjects in his own satirical work, Catch-22. In Heller’s formless novel Catch-22, Yossarian, the protagonist and a young bombardier, is stationed on the small island of Pianosa during World War II along with with many other “insane,” complex, and significant characters, who are forced into carrying an always increasing number of dangerous flying missions. While Yossarian is deployed, he struggles with the inevitability of death and his mortality, defining his own morals, finding a way to survive, and the horror of war during the chaos and carnage of World War II. The motifs of madness and absurdity, along with the theme of sanity vs insanity, circulate throughout; Heller uses many of the characters’ thoughts, actions, and the famous “Catch-22” to illustrate these themes. Heller uses different literary, satirical, and absurdist techniques, such as paradoxical statements and irony, to criticize the meaninglessness of war and life and the corrupt nature of the bureaucracy.
Both legal and mental health professionals have long struggled to establish a clear and acceptable definition of insanity. Insanity is a legal term, not a psychological or medical one. The Sarasons prefer to use the term “maladaptive behavior” instead of insane or insanity. Maladaptive behavior is, “behavior that deals inadequately with a situation, especially one that is stressful” (5). Adaptation is the way people balance what they do and want to do, and what the environment/community requires of them. Successful adaptation depends on a person’s stress (situations that impose demands on him or her), vulnerability (likelihood of a maladaptive response), and coping skills (techniques that help him or her deal with difficulties/stress) (5). Consider the recent school shootings as an
History shows that signs of mental illness and abnormal behavior have been documented as far back as the early Greeks however, it was not viewed the same as it is today. The mentally ill were previously referred to as mad, insane, lunatics, or maniacs. W.B. Maher and B.A. Maher (1985) note how many of the terms use had roots in old English words that meant emotionally deranged, hurt, unhealthy, or diseased. Although early explanations were not accurate, the characteristics of the mentally ill have remained the same and these characteristics are used to diagnose disorders to date. Cultural norms have always been used to assess and define abnormal behavior. Currently, we have a decent understanding of the correlates and influences of mental illness. Although we do not have complete knowledge, psychopathologists have better resources, technology, and overall research skills than those in ancient times.
impossible to tell the sane from the insane, the ability to reason ultimately becomes the