Introduction
In this report an investigation was about testicular cancer, what it is, who it affects. Treatments available, ways to manage it and a define way to run a campaign successfully. I will also talk about a campaign I am going to run.
1. Testicular cancer
Usually the cells within the testicle grow in a control manner but occasionally they grow in an abnormal way causing the testicles to change shape and size.
With the help of the pituitary gland the main male sex hormone testosterone is manufactured with is vital in the male anatomy, the testicles help a man make sperm which makes them a very vital organ in a man’s reproductive system what is
This type of cancer happens in men, it affects the testicles and it is most commonly known to affect males aged 15 to 44 years old.
Types
Germ cell testicular cancer is said to be the most common type of testicular cancer in men. This type of cancer is responsible for 95% of all incidents in the UK.
This type of cancer is divided in to two types:
Non-Seminomas responsible for a whole 40% of all reported cases while seminomas guilty of a whopping 60%.
Qualitative &Quantitative
Statistics
• Each year in britain, around 2,100 men are diagnosed with testicular cancer.
• Incidence rates of testicular cancer are increasing in men.
• It usually affects young or middle-aged men.
• Treatment for testicular cancer is very effective and nearly all men are cured.
• Like other cancers, it isn’t infectious and can’t be passed on to other people.
2. Skills needed to run the campaign
Good communication skills
Organised
Good time management
Good team player
Good at engaging with the audience the campaign is targeting
3. Factors that influence planning of health promotion and relati...
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...testicular cancer being a big problem in my local area.
8. How data/information would be produced during or after the activity
Get people to fill out questionnaires at the end of the football game with a series of different questions. Also to ask some people to answer surveys. I will also interview a few people on how they thought about the advert on testicular cancer.
9. The planned evaluation of the event which includes reference to the principle of good practice
Qualitative research I got people to answer questionnaires, surveys and interviewed a few people. I would also use primary research when figuring out if my campaign was successful or not. If I was to redo this campaign I would advertise on advertisement boards in colleges, schools and workplaces. I would also advertise on the television and try and get a famous football player to endorse my campaign.
The testes produce sperm and sex hormones, testosterone. Surrounding each testis is a coiled tube called the epididymis, which collects and stores sperm, very much similar to that of a human. Before ejaculation a seminal fluid is added by the seminal vesicles, to prevent the sperm from drying out.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a disease that can only occur in males. There is a larger chance of someone getting the disease increases as a person gets old. The chance for someone in their thirties is ten percent, twenty percent for someone in their forties, sixty percent for men is their sixties,
About half of a man’s testosterone is actually freely in circulation, or ‘biologically active’. The other half is bound to a globulin, called the sex h...
Testicular cancer is only present in males because only males have testicles. About 8,820 cases of testicular cancer are diagnosed every year. About 380 men die from testicular cancer each year. This is actually a very high survival rate. Also, the risk of a man dying from testicular cancer is about 1 in 5,000 because it is highly treatable and sometimes can be curable. It seems that the group most affected by testicular cancer is middle aged men, the average age to be diagnosed is 33. Only 6% of testicular cancer cases occur in children and teens, and about 7% of testicular cancer cases are men above 55 years old. All in all, testicular cancer is a type of cancer only in males and starts off in the testicles. It is not that common and the survival rate is very high because of the technology and doctors of today.
Prostate cancer has been the number one diagnosed cancer today. According to the World Health Organization, approximately one in every ten American men will develop prostate cancer during his lifespan. This cancer has been very common in the last few years. American Cancer Society reported over 200,000 new cases of prostate cancer. Huge number of population suffered severely. The prostate is significant for reproduction. It helps the substances that are involved in fertilization and transporting of sperm as well as survival. Prostate tumor is developed in the prostate gland, which is found in the men’s reproductive system. Prostate is the size of a walnut, which is located inferiorly in the penis and anterior to the rectum. It contains the connective tissue, which includes the glandular and fibrous tissues. This tumor starts to develop during their adolescent year due to the control of the male reproductive hormones. When the tumor starts to develop, it begins at the urethra, which is a tube that releases the urine from the bladder. The tumor is a slow development yet it is contagious to the other parts of the body, such as it does affect the pelvic bones, lungs, liver, and the lower vertebrae (Zenka, 2009).
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. This cancer effects a gland only in males called the prostate. This gland can be found in below the bladder and in front of the rectum. The purpose of the prostate is to make a portion of the fluid that protects and nourishes sperm cells in semen. The urethra runs through the prostate and carries urine and semen out through the penis.
2. Puberty is set into action by the increase of the hormone testosterone in males and estrogen in females (Rathus, et al., 1986).
The hormonal mechanisms that influence the male reproductive functions involve the endocrine tissues, the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary and the reproductive organ that is also considered and endocrine tissue, the testis. In the hypothalamus specific neurosecretory glands secrete GnRH, or gonadotropin releasing hormone. GnRH is carried by the blood to the anterior pituitary gland where it binds to receptors on gonadotrophic cells. The GnRH stimulates the gonadotrophic cells to increase the secretion of two gonadotrophic hormones, Luteinizing hormone (LH), Follicle - stimulating hormone (FSH). These to hormones are transported in the blood from the anterior pituitary gland to the testis. In the testes LH bind to leydig cells which in turn stimulates the secretion of testosterone. With the assistance of FSH and testosterone, stertoli cells are able to produce ABP, Androgen-bind protein maintains high levels of testosterone. ABP binds to testosterone and maintains high levels of that hormone near spermatogenic cells. This with FSH help in the maturation of spermatozoa. In addition to all this, testosterone is converted into DHT, dihydrotestosterone, this hormone may also contribute to the formation of sperm cells. The two androgens testosterone and DHT, help to develop males sexual characteristics and The process described above can be seen in figure
...tation. This cancer is one of the most rapid growing cancers in Canada. It is mostly common in men and is usually diagnosed after the age of 45.
Testosterone production in men occurs in the testes; removal of the testes consequently eradicates some social behaviours often characterised as male (Haigh, Cates, Glover & Rawlings, 1984). Awareness for the function of the testes, influenced Chinese scholars to prescribe ingestion of dog testes to increase male fertility and enhance courtship behaviours (Breedlove, Rosenzweig & Watson, 2007). The behavioural qualities of the testes was confirmed by Arnold Berthold (1849), by castrating juvenile roosters it was observed that there was a failure to develop 'normal' reproductive behaviour. Testosterone can be labelled as having an activational effect promoting several specific behaviours (Berthold, 1849).
The most common and frequently diagnosed cancer is the squamous cell carcinoma, in women, it starts at the very start of the urethra by the bladder, and for men it may start anywhere in the cells that line the urethra of the penis. Transitional cell carcinoma is the opposite way around and is found in the end of the urethra for women (the opening of the urethra), in men it is found at the beginning of the urethra (the prostate gland). Then for both men and women, adenocarcinoma is found in the glands around the urethra. It has been said that urethral cancer is one of the most aggressive cancers and can metastasize very quickly, by time this cancer has been diagnosed in the patient it will have already spread to the lymph nodes and other areas around the
Society links breast cancer to women, but what about the males in our society? Males have breast tissues,'' Boys' and men's bodies normally do not produce much of the breast stimulating hormones. As a result their breast tissue usually stays flat and small (Breast Cancer,2008). Men usually have mounds of fat breast tissue, but a small percentage can have real breast gland tissue associated from taking certain medications or having an abnormal hormone level (Breast Cancer, 2008). Studies have shown that male breast cancer has increased over 25 years, from 1973-1988 ( American Cancer Society, 2008). As for the year 2005, a total of 1,690 male breast cancer cases were reported ( Breast Cancer, 2008). Male breast cancer is rare, but the diagnoses are rising each year (Giordano,2004).
The male reproductive system is a set of organs that works together to produce sperm which will later in life fertilize females eggs. The testes are the most important part of the system because it produces sperm cells. It is similar and looks similar to ovaries of a female’s reproductive system because it also holds what they need to reproduce. Its job is to produce the sperm cells needed to reproduce. Due to hormonal imbalances the production of sperm cells may not even be possible in some males. Testosterone is the male the hormone that gives men there manly characteristics. It is made up of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen with a white color. In the male body it helps develop sex organs, a deeper voice, and facial hair (Khalid, 2013). Cancer or a genetic disorder in males is the most common thing that cause the reductions of testosterone production in the body. Behind the testes is the epididymis which lets sperm go through the vas deferens from the testes (Dictionary, 2014). It looks like leach the way it is position right on the testes but it is thinner. When sperm is produces the ...
That is the reason why men have nipples but not developed breasts, the testosterone prohibits their formation.
...culatory system. Pituitary gland is a growth hormone that helps in mertabolism and develops reproductive organs. The thyroid controls metabolsim on the rate that the body breaks down food. Adrenal gland secretes many hormones including adrenaline which prepares the body to react in a stressful situation. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and insulin. Ovaries produce ova and estrogen. Testes produce sperm cells and testosterone. To stay healthy you should get a regular medical check-up, eat a well-balanced diet, sleep at least 8 hours, and decrease stress in your life. Some problems are growth disorders, diabetes, and obesity. Puberty begins at different times for girls then boys. Girls start around ages 9-13 and boys are ages 10-15.