Jennifer Mauro & Henna Assifi
Mrs. Panah
Anatomy
17 October 2017
Endocrine System There are many organ systems involved in allowing the human body to function properly. A very important one is the endocrine system, which is made up of glands that produce and secrete hormones into the bloodstream. These hormones are a chemical communication system that transfers information between cells that regulate different functions of the body. These functions include metabolism, growth, and sexual development and function. Glands of the endocrine system are spread out in different parts of the body. The hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and pineal gland are found in the brain. The thyroid and parathyroid glands are found in the neck. On top of the kidneys
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There are two pairs of parathyroid glands, one on each side of the thyroid. Hormones secreted from these glands regulate calcium levels in blood and bone metabolism. The thyroid gland is located in the lower, front part of the neck. Thyroid hormones also regulate metabolism, as well as bone growth and development in children. Additionally, they maintain normal blood pressure, heart rate, digestion, muscle tone, and reproductive glands. The release of these hormones are controlled by pituitary glands. The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys. There are two parts: adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. The adrenal cortex, the outermost layer, releases hormones that are necessary to live. Examples of these hormones are cortisol and aldosterone. The adrenal medulla, the inner layer, releases nonessential hormones such as adrenaline. The pancreas is located behind the stomach, in back of the abdomen. Functions of the pancreas include maintaining blood sugar and digestion. Hormones released are insulin and glucagon, which control blood sugar levels. The pancreas is part of the digestive system, as well as the endocrine …show more content…
It is a hypofunctional disease, because not enough of a certain gland is produced. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas is producing little to no insulin, and the amount of glucose circulating in the bloodstream is too high. Treatments for type 1 diabetes include taking insulin, carbohydrate, fat and protein counting, frequent blood sugar monitoring, eating healthy foods, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy weight. In type 2 diabetes, the body doesn’t respond to insulin, causing an excessive amount of glucose to circulate in the blood. Treatments for type 2 diabetes include eating healthy, exercising regularly, and monitoring
Endocrinology is the study of the endocrine system and secretion of hormones with its different diseases. It is concerned with developmental events such as growth, differentiation, and the psychological or behavior of tissue function. Activities of hormones in sleep, digestion, respiration, excretion, mood, stress, lactation, movement, reproduction is involved .
Hypothyroidism is a chronic disease that is part of the endocrine system. Hypothyroidism is due low or lack of tri-iodothryonine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) thyroid hormones being produced by the thyroid gland. The lack of thyroid hormones could be due to iodine or thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) deficiency or underactive thyroid gland (Sherwood, 2012). Thyroid hormones T3 and T4 are involved in almost every part of the body. It is ten times more prevalent in female than male, which affects about 4.6% of U.S population (Lellis-Santos et al, 2011). In the most cases, the symptoms are cold intolerance, fatigue, bradycardia and weight gain. Depending on the cause on hypothyroidism, a goiter may develop, which is the enlargement of the thyroid gland. In most cases taking thyroid hormone supplement is an effective treatment.
The ANS is part of the peripheral nervous system, being split into sympathetic pathways, which prepare the body for action and parasympathetic pathways which prepare the body for rest. This regulates the functions of the body and some of the muscles automatically.
The human body comprises of organ systems which distinct but work together as a coordinated single unit (Marieb & Hoehn 1-35). This paper will single out the endocrine system because discussing the organ system in entirety is beyond the scope of this assignment. The adrenaline glands form part and parcel of the endocrine system, thus, the relevance of the topic. The endocrine glands comprise glands which secrete hormones which help to modulate on the functions of the cells and/or organs. Hormones are chemical substances which regulate cell activities (Axelrod et al 452-459). They act like messengers in that they relay information from one part of the body to another. The main glands of the endocrine system are the hypothalamus, thyroid and parathyroid glands, pineal body, reproductive organs; pituitary and most important to this paper the adrenal glands (Axelrod et al 452-459).
The system consists of 10 glands; The Pituitary Gland, Thyroid Gland, Parathyroid Glands, Adrenal Glands, the Islets of Langerhans, Pineal Gland, Thymus Gland, The Ovaries and Testes, and the Hypothalamus. Although we mention that the Hypothalamus is part of the endocrine system, it is only connected due to it controlling the Pituitary Gland and its indirect effect on others.
Endocrine system is made up of glands that produce and secrete hormones, chemical substances produced in the body that regulates the activity of cells or organs. These hormones regulate the body’s growth. The hormones are released into the bloodstream and may affect one or several organs throughout the body.
The thyroid gland plays a major role in the endocrine, thyroxine, triiodothyronine and metabolism system. The gland can be found in the front of the neck and above where the collar bones meet. The thyroid gland controls the body by releasing T4 and T3 hormones. Controlling metabolism plays an important role when regulating mood, weight,
Thyroid is an endocrine gland, which is located in front of the neck, just below the thyroid cartilage known as Adam’s Apple. It is collected with two lobes on either side of windpipe. It is very small in size, but the thyroid gland plays an important role, Thyroid gland produces hormones which are important for the growth and energy metabolism of the body. The hormones which were produced by the thyroid gland is controlled by another hormone which is called thyroid stimulating hormone or TSH. TSH is secreted by the pituitary gland in response to the stimulation from the hypothalamus in the brain. The thyroid needs iodine out of the nutrition in order to produce thyroid hormone. There are two main thyroid hormones produced by the thyroid gland:
The endocrine system is responsible for reacting to changes within the body and maintaining its stability. By reacting to changes it secretes specific hormones from glands, such as, the pancreas releases insulin to manage blood sugar. The group of components which make up the endocrine system are:
The human body, known for being the most complicated work of cells, tissues, systems and organs is a fascinating masterpiece; inside the human body, we have twelve major organ systems. One of those systems is the Endocrine system; it is responsible for the coordinating many of the bodies’ functions. The endocrine system is made of many organs, one of them is the thyroid gland, it is responsible for manufacturing hormones with help regulate metabolism. Metabolism more commonly known as the chemical process in which an animal or human uses water and food to heal, grow and make energy. When the thyroid produces too much hormones, it can cause an issue leading to Hyperthyroidism and when insufficient hormones are produced it leads to Hypothyroidism. Thyroid problems can lead to Hashimoto’s Disease, Thyroid Nodules, and Graves’ Disease.
One of the functions of the endocrine system is to keep the body in homeostasis by regulating body fluids, electrolytes, glucose, cell metabolism, growth and the wake -sleep cycle; some endocrine glands do double duty as part of other body systems.
each target organ activity or secretion on the thyroid, adrenal, or gonads glands, which also
The Endocrine System is made up of glands that make hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood. The glands that are in the Endocrine system are the Hypothalamus, Pineal Gland, Pituitary Gland, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Thymus, Adrenal, the Pancreas, Ovaries, and Testes. There are also many diseases that affect this system. For example, Prediabetes, Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes, and Osteoporosis. The Hypothalamus is part of the brain that has a certain number of small nuclei with a variety of functions. One of the most important functions of the Hypothalamus is that it links the Nervous System and the Endocrine System because of the Pituitary Gland. It also has the
The pituitary gland sits at the base of the skull and controls much of our endocrine secretions through a tightly controlled negative feedback system (Norris, 2007). Normally, growth hormone (GH) secretions act to cause bone and muscle growth (Norris, 2007). As we age there is a decline in the amount of GH our bodies produce and use mostly due to the closure of epiphyseal plates which marks the end of vertical growth (Norris, 2007). GH is also important for muscle cells to be able to take up glucose during normal metabolic processes (Norris, 2007). Insulin plays an important role in this pathway and we often see disruptions in both pathways with acromegaly (Katznelson, 2011).
Although hormones circulate throughout the body, each type of hormone influences only certain organs and tissues. Some hormones affect only one or two organs, whereas others have influence throughout the body. For example, thyroid-stimulating hormone, produced in the pituitary gland, affects only the thyroid gland. In contrast, thyroid hormone, produced in the thyroid gland, affects cells throughout the body and is involved in such important functions as regulating growth of cells, controlling the heart rate, and affecting the speed at which calories are burned.Insulin , secreted by the islet cells of the pancreas, affects the processing (metabolism) of glucose, protein, and fat throughout the body. Most hormones are proteins. Others are steroids, which are fatty substances derived from