Crutches:
A crutch is a mobility aid that transfers weight from the legs to the upper body. Often used by people who are not able to use their legs to support their weight, for reasons ranging from short-term to life-long disabilities. A lot of athletes tend to be in crutches do to injuries they encounter in everyday sports. The length of time they are required to use them depends on how sever their injury is or their rehabilitation time as well. When trying to figure out what is wrong with a patient an EMG analysis may be ran to measure the EMG odine. With an EMG measurement you are able to see what relevant for documentation of the response for the rehab programs, effects of physiotherapy and analyzing the muscle balance and activity (Airaksinen, 1998, p.1)
There are four types of crutches: Forearm, underarm, platform and leg support. The forearm crutch is used by inserting the arm into a cuff and holding the grip. The cuff, which is typically made of plastic or metal, can be a half-circle or a full circle with a V-type of opening in the front allowing the forearm to slip out in case of a fall. The underarm, which is also referred to as an axilla crutch, is used by placing the pad against the ribcage beneath the armpit and holding the grip, which is below and parallel to the pad. The platform is not used often by patients due to arthritis, cerebral palsy and other conditions. The arm rests on a grip, which, if properly designed, can be angled appropriately depending on the user’s disability. The leg support is commonly used when the user has an injury affecting one lower leg only. This device functions by strapping the affected leg into a support frame that simultaneously holds the lower leg clear of the ground while transferrin...
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...it-Feasible Region Analysis. Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2-8.
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It is hard to live with disability, because everyday things become a challenge. U.S. Census Bureau report from 2008 states that 3.3 million non-institutionalized Americans over age 15 years use wheelchairs. The reason why there are so many people with disabilities is that U.S. spent decades at war. This is why mobility industry is rethinking the products it provides to support a growing demographic. Vantage Mobility International (VMI) and Braun Ability are two leading industry players that spent decades converting wheelchair vans from companies such as Chrysler , Toyota , and Honda into wheelchair-accessible modes of transportation.
J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 31; A-37. Nisell R. (1985) Mechanics of the knee: A study of joint and muscle load with clinical applications. Acta Orthop Scand 216; 1-42. Oatis C. (2009)
This article is about the results of a survey conducted by three PhD’s; Janet Simon, Matthew Donahue, and Carrie Docherty, and was published by the International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training. The purpose of the survey was to determine Athletic Trainers current utilization of ankle support, and to determine ATs current attitudes towards the use of ankle taping and bracing. It gives some history and benefits of ankle bracing and taping, and how it has become a multimillion dollar industry, considering that 66-73% of all college athletes have reported an ankle sprain. Also, a third of people with ankle sprains will either re-sprain the ankle or report feelings of instability after the initial sprain. Ankle taping has become essential part of sports medicine,
Willy, B. (2013). Gravity assisted seating: Prevention of wheelchair related falls in nursing homes. Gerinotes, 20(2), 8-10.
Fatigue, decreased mobility and impaired balance from the rheumatoid and osteoarthritis pain also increases the risk of falls (Stanmore et al., 2013). Age related changes such as sarcopenia causes muscle tone and strength to decrease, especially in the lower limbs and as a result, balance and gait become impaired (Culross, 2008). These factors significantly influence the risk of falls and also affect the ability to carry out daily activities therefore, with a physiotherapists assistance, the nurse could introduce a personalised exercise regime to enhance muscle tone and strength (Culross, 2008). According to Neuberger et al (1997), exercise lessens fatigue and improves muscle tone and balance in older people. Recommending an exercise programme for Mrs Jones that incorporates strength training exercises and aerobics, could potentially improve muscle tone and strength and as a result improve mobility, balance and lessen the risk of falls (Bird, Pittaway, Cuisick, Rattray & Ahuja, 2013). The nurse could also suggest safety precautions such as advising Mrs Jones to use a mobility aid (Gooberman-Hill & Ebrahim,
Anderson, D. I., & Sidaway, B. (2013) Kicking biomechanics: Importance of balance. Lower Extremity Review Magazine.
Valent, Linda J.M. Et al. "Effects of Hand Cycle Training on Physical Capacity in Individuals With Tetraplegia: A Clinical Trial." Physical Therapy 89.10 (2009): 1051-060. Print.
US Department of Labor, (2009). Guidelines for nursing homes: Ergonomics for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders (OSHA 3182-3R 2009). Retrieved from website: https://www.osha.gov/ergonomics/guidelines/nursinghome/final_nh_guidelines.pdf
In physical therapy, patients come to the clinic with a long list of symptoms and a specific mechanism of injury. It is the physical therapists job to take this information and form hypotheses of what pathology may be affecting the patient. With the patient that has been presented in this case, a full history shows a very good description of symptoms and what the patient remembers happening when the injury occurred. With this history, an examination plan can be created in order to make this examination process thorough, but efficient.
The sport I have chosen to design a unilateral below the knee prosthetic device is none other than ice hockey. I choose this sport in particular, because I have not seen it explored much in regard to amputees playing it. My design will incorporate many of the more well known tendencies of great hockey players, explore ways in which amputees can emulate this, and lastly how my design can give an upper hand to those using it. Important to note is, my idea for a prosthetic device does not aim to replace a legs normal function, but is specially designed for playing hockey. The prosthetic most closely resembles the TRS power play device made specifically for ice hockey.
The patient must understand the capabilities and limitations for a better adaptation. Additionally, endurance and cardio vascular activities must be address. Also specific muscles strength as the hamstring, gluts and quads. Furthermore, gait training and stair step negotiating. Moving forward on specific interventions we can start training going up/down a 1 inches’ block using parallel bars to increase confidence, progress to higher height of block 2->4->6 inches. To work on endurance and cardio vascular fitness we can start just by walking and assess gait and impairments in the process. Also, to increase intensity UE ergometry can be used, this will help with cardiovascular and endurance. These different and simple exercises will give the patient the confident necessary to progress to more functional activities like using the stairs, and walking on different surfaces. Also, working on weight shifts will allow the patient to get to know his boundaries and how to approach different situations, weight shits might prevent falls. Additionally, working on strengthening quads, gluts and hamstring must be done. AROM with proper body mechanics might be a good starting point and assess the strength of those possible weak muscles. Progress to MREs followed by T-bands-and some cuff weights after endurance and cardio vascular fitness has been
This publication was printed with the generous support of the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research
It is of utmost importance that these devices involve little or no disturbance to its user’s ordinary life and subsequently has many positive effects on their daily activities. Although as a nation we have a preconceived idea that Assistive Technology is complex, highly expensive products, this is not always the case. Assistive Technology devices can be characterised into low and high technology. According to Wendt, Quist and Lloyd (2011) low technology involves technological devices that are simple to make, are readily available and inexpensive. On the other hand high technology devices are often complicated,...
When taking steps to analyze and apply intervention strategies for falls, we must examine the factors that cause these occurrences. There are numerous reasons that falls occur, such as intrinsic and or extrinsic risk factors. Intrinsic risk factors for falls may be due to changes that are part of the normal aging process and acute or chronic conditions. According to Zheng, Pan and Hua et al. (2013), about 35-45 percent of individuals who are usually older than 65 years and other 50 percent of the elderly individuals report cases of fall every year. Extrinsic factors are those related to physical environment such as lack of grab bars, poor condition of floor surfaces, inadequate or improper use of assistive devices (Currie). Patient falls is not an easy thing to eliminate. With many clinical challenges, there’s no easy answer to the challenges posed by patient falls; howe...
The purpose of the squat is to train the muscles around the knees and hip joints, as well as to develop strength in the lower back, for execution of basic skills required in many sporting events and activities of daily living. Because a strong and stable knee is extremely important to an athlete or patient’s success, an understanding of knee biomechanics while performing the squat is helpful to therapists, trainers, and athletes alike (11). Because most activities of daily living require the coordinated contraction of several muscle groups at once, and squatting (a multi-joint movement) is one of the few strength training exercises that is able to effectively recruit multiple muscle groups in a single movement, squats are considered one of the most functional and efficient weight-bearing exercises whether an individual’s goals are sport specific or are for an increased quality of life