Despite the significant benefits of pool chlorines in their capacity to kill hazardous bacteria, it is evident that some of the side effects can be disadvantageous. The general smell of chlorine can be overwhelmingly unpleasant, and the agent can irritate the skin and eyes. It is also has the capability to bleach some fabrics, potentially damaging clothing. Most significantly, excessive air pockets of chlorine gas that surround pools can be hazardous for peoples’ health and possibly even be carcinogenic. For these reasons, some industries have started to investigate new alternative methods to chlorine for sterilising pools. According to Smith and Monteath et al. (2006, pp. 1 - 37), ‘some of these are good alternatives, but they do not achieve the cleanliness, oxidation levels or low price that chlorine provides’.
One of the primary alternatives to chlorine in swimming pools is Bromine. Bromine is an extremely effective pool sanitiser, successfully killing harmful bacteria found in pools. The compound can only be added in one of two very specific methods – making it very expensive. As Missouri Department Of Health And Senior Services Section For Environmental Public Health, 2014 (p. 14, 15) describes; ‘For pool sanitation, bromine compounds are sold in two solid forms - a two-part system that uses a bromide salt dissolved in water and activated by addition of a separate oxidizer; and a one-part stick or tablet that contains both bromine and an oxidizer and is dispensed by an erosion-type feeder.’ Once the Bromine is in the pool, it reacts with the water to form hypobromous acid which further dissociates into hypobromite ions through the following equation;
HOBr(aq) + H2O(l) ↔ H3O+(aq) + OBr-(aq)
Figure 10: Dissociation of Hypobr...
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... to how they best maintain their pool and their requirements in terms of finance and effort.
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Disinfection is applied in water as well as wastewater treatment as a finishing step so as to destroy pathogens but the cause of concern regarding the disinfection process is the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Natural organic matter (NOM) in water has been considered as the predominant DBP precursors. Disinfectants are powerful oxidants that oxidize the organic matter present in water forming DBPs. Chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, and chloramines are the most common disinfectants used nowadays and each produces its own suite of chemical DBPs in finished drinking water (Richardson, 2003). DBPs so formed pose a threat to human health because of their potential to cause cancer and reproductive/developmental effects. Most developed nations have regulated concentration of DBPs so as to minimize exposure to potentially harmful DBPs while maintaining adequate disinfection and control of targeted
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First off, as a corporation handling a towns water systems, it is the duty of the individuals within the company to take care of the water in a responsible
Three Medical Doctors wrote the book, The Water We Drink: Water Quality and Its Effects on Health. Their names are Joshua I. Barzilay, M.D., Winkler G. Weinberg, M.D., and J. William Eley, M.D. In order to put the issue of drinking water quality and its effects on health into perspective, the book is divided into three parts. It first reviews the history of water, disease, and sanitation. The next section deals with health issues. At the conclusion of the book are chapters regarding bottled water and methods of purification. The intent of the book is to educate consumers.
This water we use is then dirtied and sometimes ends up toxic which can cause a bad
(Remoussenard, 2007) East Carolina Aquatics would have to find a way to restructure their business to handle the increase in
"Side Effects of Steroid Abuse - Steroidabuse.com." Side Effects of Steroid Abuse - Steroidabuse.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 July 2013.
Regularly Check Chemistry: Be sure to check the pool chemistry a couple times a week during the summer months. Your pH should be between 7.2 and 7.8. If you keep up with your pH levels regularly, you won’t need to add as much chlorine at one time.
It affects the sports club because it has a swimming pool, so the chlorine levels in the water are controlled well so that nobody can be harmed that is why the statutory law is there.
“Recreational water illnesses (RWIs) are caused by germs spread by swallowing, breathing in mists or aerosols of, or having contact with contaminated water in swimming pools, hot tubs, water parks, water play areas, interactive fountains, lakes, rivers, or oceans. RWIs can also be caused by chemicals in the water or chemicals that evaporate from the water and cause indoor air quality problems. RWIs may include a wide variety of infections, including gastrointestinal, skin, ear, respiratory, eye, neurologic and wound infections. Many RWIs (skin, ear, eye, respiratory, neurologic, wound, and other infections) are caused by germs that live naturally in the environment (for example, in water and soil)” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).
"Adenosine - What Is Adenosine?" Adenosine - What Is Adenosine? N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Mar. 2014.
“California Water Boards Fact Sheet.” California Water Boards. waterboards.ca.gov, 23 May 2013. Web. 25 Apr. 2014.
7. Learn CPR (cardio-pulmonary resuscitation). This applies particularly to pool owners and water sports enthusiasts.