Alliances are friendships between people and nations that result in the protection of the land and ensure the trade of goods between the two countries. During the 16th century alliances were not as stable as they are in the 21st century, in the early modern period alliances relied on the marriage of one monarch’s child to another and the two nations were joined by blood. It was understood that neither nation would attack a country whose future monarchy could be tied to theirs. A good example of the fickle nature alliances can be seen in the relationship between England and the Spanish-Hapsburg Empire, which was an alliance formed by King Henry VII and Ferdinand of Aragon under the premise that Henry would provide Spain with protection against …show more content…
Due to the vast nature of Philip II’s empire, Spain’s economy was thriving due to the wealth of resources the South American colonies provided, the South American colonies were particularly rich in gold and silver. The wealth of resources that Spain received from its colonies allowed the empire to dominate trade contributing to their own wealth, forcing English sailors to break into trade by selling African slaves to the Spanish. In order to acquire slaves John Hawkins and his crew went to African waters owned by the Portuguese, stealing slaves from Portuguese slave traders who had established a selling relationship with patrons in Spanish America . Hawkins decided that if he were to partake in slave trading that he would attack vessels that were owned by other European nations, notably Spanish and Portuguese ships. Hawkins and his crew set about attacking the Portuguese and Spanish ships, taking their slaves and cargo. When Hawkins arrived in the West Indies with his slaves he found a sellers market, since he did not have to pay taxes to the Spanish for the slaves he stole Hawkins could sell them to Spanish traders for a lower price. Despite an altercation with the Spanish authorities, Hawkins managed to have three ships, which were full of gold, silver and pearls. Hawkins’ enterprise would not last because when his ships arrived in Seville they were imprisoned and tortured by the Inquisition. During Hawkins’s third voyage his fleet was attacked at San Juan de Ulua, after having been promised safe passage, which resulted in approximately a quarter of their ships and 150 men returning to England. Outraged by the actions of Philip II’s fleet in Ulua, Elizabeth openly prepared for war against the Spanish Armada. The actions of Sir John
these tensions while establishing a new European order. religion Catholics VS Protestants politics Competition over New World, Trade economics New European Order : nationalism, Absolutism, Nation States, French and Dutch went up, Spain went down. England strived. 4 paragraphs Louis XIII was absolute monarch, took control on religion of France Tolerance of Religion Not allow to be calvinists 4 phases B and D---local and religion S and F--- continental and politics Religion gradually had less influence
Charles Hapsburg, who later became Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, was born in the Flemish city of Ghent on February 24, 1500 (3) to Phillip the Handsome and Joanna the Mad (2). He had four sisters: Eleanor, Isabel, Mary, and Katherine. Ferdinand I was his only brother (7). His maternal grandparents were the very famous Isabel of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon who funded Columbus’s expeditions (6). His paternal grandfather was Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (7). Charles V was raised in the Netherlands
culmination of events led to the tension between the countries of the Ottoman Empire. Prior to the war’s beginning on May 23, 1618, Europe was in a state of religious, political, and imperial turmoil. The Lutherans, Catholics, and Calvinists were all competing for religious dominance. Political leaders tried to advocate for their religions in the elections. There was much controversy regarding the new kings of Bohemia and political stress between the Bourbons and the Hapsburgs. War was inevitable. Although
alone, power. This struggle for power is no different in the case of The Thirty Years’ War. Starting in Bohemia in 1618 as a regional conflict with the Hapsburg Empire, many parties were involved in the conflict. The Catholic Church was one such party struggling with the religious conflict of the Reformation. Other Nations such as France, England, Sweden, and Spain were involved as well and played a major role in obtaining greater power through the use of political actions under the guise of religion
continent’s east coast. Ponce de Leon, who had accompanied Columbus on his second voyage, and appointed the first governor of Puerto Rico, set out to explore farther north. Landing on the mainland on Easter Sunday, he named the land La Pascua Florida, Spanish for Flowery Passover, meaning the Easter Season. He was so impressed that he laid plans to return and establish a settlement. Sailing south along the Florida coast, he charted the rivers he found, passing around the Florida Keys and up the west
The Holy Roman Empire was an empire in central Europe consisting of many territories and ethnicities. Once very powerful, the empire’s authority slowly decreased over centuries and by the Middle Ages the emperor was little more than a figurehead, allowing princes to govern smaller sections of the empire. Though the various ruling princes owed loyalty to the emperor, they were also granted a degree of independence and privileges. The emperor, an elected monarch, needed the allegiance of the princes
commissioned by the Spanish. For Charles and phillip, controlling the Netherlands was only feasible by undermining the protestant reformation. Thus the New world was largely a growing source of power for the Spanish monarch's, being the primary factor for phillip in maintaining his authority, but the authority that was fuelled by this power was due to the foundation of religious policies, and marriages during Ferdinand and Isabella's reign that resulted in the expansion of Spanish power.
they mainly fought over trade routes in the Mediterranean. Each wanted power and more territorial possession. Crusades (11th Century-13th Century) in the Holy Land The emperor of the Byzantine Emperor was upset with Turks encroaching on his empire. He went to the Pope Urban II and complained. He made up atrocities about the Turks. In 1096, The Pope Urban II promoted the Crusade to reclaim the Holy Land from the barbaric Turks. These crusades lasted till the 13th century. In the process
joined together to fight a common enemy. At this time, Castile and Aragon had yet to be unified. This all changed in 1492. Most historians would agree that it wasn’t a revolt or a fight that created Spain. In fact, it was a marriage. This marriage between the heirs, Ferdinand and Isabella, of to two different thrones, Castile and Aragon (which happened to be the two greatest kingdoms in the Peninsula at the time). PRE MODERNITY- Spain had an absolute monarchy. As tabulated by Ibañez and Sabatini (2009)
only did Olivares’ policies for Spain and its empire not differ markedly from those of earlier Spanish statesmen, but that by and large the results of his manifold endeavours were both few and modest.’ This understanding of the historiography of Olivares’ effectiveness from Israel, makes Olivares look unoriginal and ineffectual. However other historians, such as Elliott have been far more sympathetic. ‘…the first and the last ruler of Hapsburg Spain who had the breadth of vision to devise plans