All About Vitamin D

1535 Words4 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: Vitamin D functions as a hormone to help maintain bone integrity

Vitamin D (Calciferol) is a fat soluble steroid prohormone that was first identified as a vitamin in the 20th century (Holicks, et al, 2011 ). It has two major forms- D2(ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol) (Holicks et al, 2011, BMJ). The sources of vitamin D in human include sunlight (80-90%) and dietary source (10-20%) (Mithal et al, 2009). Dietary sources of vitamin D includes – salmon, canned fishes (sardines, tuna, mackerel) , cod liver oil, shitake mushroom, egg yolk, fortified mils and orange juice, infant formulas, fortified yoghurt and butter, fortified cereal as well as supplemental oral vitamin D.
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the United States Endocrine society recommends a daily intake of 600 IU/day for adults <50, and 600 IU to 800IU for adults >50, with an upper limit of 4000IU/day. [69] Holicks et al(2011). The National Osteoporosis Foundation (2013) further recommends a daily intake of 400 IU to 800 IU in adults <50 and 800 IU to 1,000 IU of vitamin D per day for adults>50 (due to the increased prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in adults >50). In adults with a BMI>30, the Endocrine society (Holicks et al, 2011) also recommends a maintainence dose of 10,000 iu/day due to storage and sequestering of vitamin D by increased adipose tissue in obese individuals.
In humans, vitamin D plays an essential function in maintaining calcium and phosphate balance, which is important for the maintenance of bone (formation, remodeling, and healing). Holicks et al 2011 asserts that “sufficient vitamin D enhances calcium and phosphorus absorption by 30–40% and 80%, respectively”. However the definition of 25(OH) D sufficiency and deficiency varies. According to the Endocrine Society (Horlicks et al (2011) the I...

... middle of paper ...

...ances the expression of intestinal epithelial calcium channels and calcium-binding proteins throughout the entire length of the intestine, with its greatest activity in the duodenum and jejunum. This increases the absorption of ingested calcium (dietary and supplementary) and increases plasma levels of calcium. Calcitrol also mobilizes calcium from the bones, by facilitating the formation of osteoclasts and stimulating the secretion of a protein called “receptor activator for nuclear factor κ B (RANK) ligand” (BMJ).
The formation of osteoclast and secretion of κ B (RANK) ligand enhances osteoclastogenesis, increases bone reabsorption and hence increases serum calcium level (BMJ). Additionally, calcitriol effect on the vitamin d receptor (VDR) of the parathyroid gland causes suppression of parathyroid gene expression as well as proliferation of the parathyroid cells

Show More
Related

  • Folic Acid Fortification Case Study

    719 Words  | 2 Pages

    Read Case 12 The Folic Acid Fortification Decision: Before and After on pages 351-363 of your text. Once you have read the case, you are to address these questions. The word limit per response is 200 words.

    Read More

  • The Integumentary System And Skeletal System

    1018 Words  | 3 Pages

    However some of the basic bone functions include storing of crucial nutrients, minerals and lipids, producing red blood cells for the body, protect the organs such as heart, ribs and the brain, aide in movement and also to act as a buffer for pH. With the differences in all of the bones there are four things that remain the same in each bone, their cells. Bones are made up of four different cells; osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes and bone lining cells. Osteoblasts produce and secrete matrix proteins and then transport the minerals into the matrix. Osteoclasts are responsible for the breaking down of tissue. The osteoblasts and osteoclasts are both responsible for remodeling and rebuilding of bones as we grow and age. The production of osteoclasts for resorption is initiated by the hormone, the parathyroid hormone. Osteocytes are the mature versions of osteoblasts because they are trapped in the bone matrix they produced. The osteocytes that are trapped continue making bone to help with strength and the health of the bone matrix. The bone lining cells are found in the inactive bone surfaces which are typically found in

    Read More

  • Vitamin D and Athletic Performance

    1485 Words  | 3 Pages

    The American Dietetic Association’s position statement on Nutrition and Athletic Performance, written in conjunction with the Dietitians of Canada and the American College of Sports Medicine, makes specific references to the effects of Vitamin D, both independently and in reference to other micronutrients who are influenced by Vitamin D within the body. The American Dietetic Association’s position statement also describes that Vitamin D is required for a myriad of functions within the body, which include adequate calcium absorption, regulation of serum calcium and phosphorous levels, promotion of bone health, and regulation of homeostasis and development of the nervous system and skeletal muscles 1.

    Read More

  • Agnes Fay Morgan Achievements

    549 Words  | 2 Pages

    Her findings from this research was praised as she concluded that small supplementary feeding with fruits, milk and wheat germ improved the growth of school children. She also found out that the over dosage of Vitamin D produced brittle bones and calcification of soft tissues. If that wasn’t enough, she continued her extensive research and showed that pantothenic acid is essential for normal pigmentation of hair and skin. Lastly she was intelligent enough to prove that the bone density of woman decreased between 50 and 65 years of

    Read More

  • Fall Prevention in Long Term Care Facilities

    1825 Words  | 4 Pages

    Papas, E., & Cluxton, R. J. (2011). Vitamin D: beneficial for pain, fracture, and falls in long-term care residents?. Annals of long term care, 19(5), 33-36.

    Read More

  • Osteoporosis Essay

    1455 Words  | 3 Pages

    Consuming the recommended calcium intake everyday- differs between ages but on average is approximately 1000 milligrams.

    Read More

  • Understanding and Managing Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Guide

    1008 Words  | 3 Pages

    Now, when considering whether one wants to prevent or treat Osteoporosis, it does not mean cutting yourself off from foods with small portions or extreme dieting. It is a common misconception that when a person wants to be healthy they must eat in smaller portions, and while this does have some truth, one must consider when it comes to eating healthy, it means to eat healthy by adding nutritious portions of fruits, vegetables, protein, carbs, and of course, calcium intake for the bones in one’s diet. Also, one must not deprive themselves of having a “cheat day” once a week with chips and candy. But it is a good start to begin adding calcium to fortified foods and supplements, such as milk. People should at least aim for 1,000 to 1,200 milligrams a day of calcium.

    Read More

  • Causes Of Osteoporosis

    1125 Words  | 3 Pages

    Osteoporosis is a serious disease that leads to a faster than normal loss of the bone density, which puts the bone at a higher risk for fractures. In order to understand the causes of Osteoporosis, it is important to understand how bones are formed. Bone is a living tissue that is made mainly of collagen, calcium phosphate, and calcium carbonate. The mixture of collagen and calcium gives the bone strength and flexibility. The body deposits new bones and removes old ones; moreover, there are two types of bone cells that control the reproduction of bones. Cells called osteoclasts breakdown bone tissues thus, damaging the bone. Once the damaged bone is removed, cells called osteoblasts, use minerals including calcium and phosphate from the blood stream to make new healthy bone tissues. In order for osteoblasts and osteoclasts to work properly, hormones such us thyroid, estrogen, testosterone, and growth hormones are

    Read More

  • Vitamin D And The Bone Disease

    2317 Words  | 5 Pages

    Vitamin D is derived from a steroid; the structure retains its numbering from the parent compound cholesterol.3

    Read More

  • Personal Nutrition Analysis

    1786 Words  | 4 Pages

    The Dietary Reference Intakes are broken down by sex and age. The daily recommendations for my age, 31-50 are as follows: Calories – 2,403, Carbohydrates – 130 grams, Protein – 46 grams, and Fiber – 25 grams. The DRI also recommends that females should subtract 7 calories per day for each year above age 19. I am currently 31 years old, so my recommended Caloric intake is 2,319.

    Read More

  • Everything You Need to Know about Vitamins

    2022 Words  | 5 Pages

    The body can manufacture only vitamin D; all others must be derived from the diet. Lack of them causes a wide range of metabolic and other dysfunctions. In the U.S., since 1940, the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research Council has published recommended dietary allowances (RDA) for vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients.

    Read More

  • Rickets Research Papers

    421 Words  | 1 Pages

    The first is sunlight. Your skin produces vitamin D when exposed to the sun. The second is food. Certain foods like fish oils and egg yolk contain vitamin D. There are also some foods where vitamin D is added such as fruit juices and milk. (1) There are, however, many factors that can put a child at risk for developing rickets. (4)

    Read More

  • Osteoporosis Nutrition

    1156 Words  | 3 Pages

    Vitamin D is a necessary component for calcium absorption to prevent boss loss. Nutritionally our body can create vitamin D by sun exposure however many factors can prevent our bodies to create vitamin D such as using sunblock or not getting enough sun exposer from daily routine. Vitamin D can be found in many foods that we such as milk including almond milk, eggs yolks, saltwater fish, and liver. Other vitamins that can help prevent bone loss are vitamin A and C. Vitamin C is an antioxidant which helps reduce oxidative stress which can have a negative effect on the cells in the body. This helps protect against inflammation which takes away calcium from the bones. Vitamin C can be found in many foods such as papaya, bell peppers, broccoli, Brussel sprouts, strawberries, pineapples, oranges and kiwifruit and fruit juices have supplement vitamins. Vitamin A is important for bone growth, vision, cell division and cell differentiation. There are two different forms of vitamin A are retinol and beta-carotene. Retinol can be found in meat, poultry, fish and dairy products while beta-carotene can be found in fruits, vegetables and

    Read More

  • Rickets Essay

    2217 Words  | 5 Pages

    Rickets is a bone disease that occurs in children as a result of a Vitamin D deficiency. This disease, which was nearly eradicated in the early 20th century, has become a re-emerging health concern for various countries in the past ten years. Certain factors such as poor nutrition as a result of low socioeconomic status or high concentrations of melanin in the skin can increase the chances of getting rickets. Sufficient Vitamin D levels are crucial to the functioning of the body, especially in the absorption of calcium. This essay will examine the causes, symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of rickets; as well as the importance of Vitamin D and calcium in the prevention and treatment of this disease.

    Read More

  • Analysis Of My Food

    1322 Words  | 3 Pages

    My average intake is 66 mg. it is lower than the required Vitamin C intake. Deficiency in Vitamin C can develop scurvy, if vitamin C is missing on our diet. Oranges, lemon and other citrus fruits, bell pepper, kiwi broccoli, berries, tomatoes and papayas are rich in Vitamin C . Lack of Vitamin D on diet can develop rickets to small children. The required intake for this vitamins is 15microgram and my report is zero. Vitamin D can be achieved from exposure of skin to ultra violet rays of the sun. Vitamin E is responsible for transmission of nerve impulses, body weakness and eye problem that can cause blindness. My nutrient intake for Vitamin 10 mg AT and the require intake is 15 mg AT, which is 5 mg lower than the require amount. Food related to Vitamin E are green leafy vegies such as spinach, kale are rich in Vitamin E, in addition, broccoli, hazel nuts, squash and pumpkin are also rich in Vitamin E. My vitamin K intake is 3 microgram, way too low compared to the requirement which is 90 microgram. Vitamin K deficiency can cause hemorrhagic disease of new born. Food that gives Vitamin K are green leafy vegetables such as kale and spinach, canola oils, olive oils, and

    Read More

More about All About Vitamin D

Open Document