This topic hopes to explore whether alcohol consumption, besides possibly being a deviant behavior with regards to Botswana’s morality as a conservative nation, has adverse effects and costs to the overall economy and health of the country. Whether increasing the alcohol laws and levies as remedial measures are the right or most beneficial and inexpensive modes of action in trying to deter such a health epidemic, if it is indeed such. If not, what cost analyzed counteractive measures can be employed that will preserve the economy of the country while also improving the people’s health when implemented. In addition, it will also look at the consequences of the recent implementation of the tobacco levy and what counteractive measures could otherwise be employed, where necessary, if the results are adverse to the health of the economy and people.
The current study will utilize a qualitative review of existing literature from all media, documents and academic resources to investigate the effects and costs of alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking on the economy and health of Botswana. Hoping to be informative of the consequences of the counteractive laws and levies employed whether positive or negative, and to suggest more cost analyzed measures were and if necessary. Literature was collected to answer the following research questions:
1. Are alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking health issues; in what ways are they such and what possible statistics or reports have been generated?
2. If alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking are indeed health issues how are they adversely affecting the country to constitute intervention, economically or otherwise?
3. What are the counteractive measures employed against alcohol consumption and to...
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...ever, their imposed health effects are indeterminable due to limited or non-existent literature. The impact/effect of other tobacco and alcohol use related counteractive measures could not be evaluated because of limited literature. Therefore, due to the outdated, non-existent and limited literature that is currently available in this study, it is suggested that future studies use empirical methods to determine results and actually try to enumerate and generate the statistics in relation to alcohol consumption and tobacco use health issues and economic impact. The impact of the related economic and health consequences of the imposed counteractive measures should also be examined. Additionally, future studies could investigate the two variables of alcohol consumption and tobacco use separately in order to be efficient and exhaustive of all considerable possibilities.
Minkler, Meredith, Lawrence Wallack, and Patricia Madden. "Alcohol and Cigarette Advertising in 'Ms.' Magazine." Journal of Public Health Policy 8, no. 2 (1987): 164-79.
Smoking causes heart disease, frequent colds, upper respiratory problems, and lung cancer. Chewing tobacco can result in mouth cancer, tooth loss, and other ailments in health. Alcohol is also a major threat to the welfare of U.S. citizens. Alcohol slows the brain and body. Effects include loss of coordination, poor judgment, memory loss, loss of self-control, and slow reflexes.
Harwood, H. (2000). Updating Estimates of the Economic Costs of Alcohol Abuse in the United States: Estimates, Update Methods, and Data. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
Makela, Pia. "Views into studies of differences in drinking habits and alcohol problems between sociodemographic groups." Contemporary Drug Problems, Winter 1999 v26 i4 p633.
There is clearly no way tobacco will never be outlawed but I believe there should be tighter restrictions on age limits throughout the world, and restrictions on the materials that are used in cigarette processing. Who is just letting cigarette companies continue to poison people and cause cancer risk? Throughout my essay I will analyze the affects of cigarette use on the society of the world and the elaborate corruption that keeps cigarette companies in business.
Smoking cigarettes is a detrimental practice not only to the smoker, but also to everyone around the smoker. According to an article from the American Lung Association, “Health Effects” (n.d.), “Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the U.S., causing over 438,000 deaths per year”. The umbrella term for tobacco use includes the use of cigarettes, cigars, e-cigs and chewing tobacco. While tobacco causes adverse health consequences, it also has been a unifying factor for change in public health. While the tobacco industries targets specific populations, public health specifically targets smokers, possible smokers, and the public to influence cessation, policies and education.
Did you know that there is 75,000 alcohol related deaths in the U.S. each year? Did you know more than 400,000 Americans die from tobacco-related causes each year? All of this will keep on happening if people keep on doing drugs and smoking. If you smoke when you are younger than 18 you can die early because it causes black lung cancer. There are more than 200 known harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke. Smokers have more colds and upper problems than people who don’t smoke.
Mary C. Dufour, "Twenty-five Years of Alcohol Epidemiology: Trends, Techniques, and Transitions," Alcohol Research and Health Spring 1995: 77-84.
Saitz, Richard, M.D. "Unhealthy Alcohol Use." New England Journal of Medicine (2005): 596. Web. 7 Apr. 2014.
In order to demonstrate this cause, the difference between illegal and legal substances (specifically alcohol and marijuana) must be abolished. Alcohol, as we all know, was once illegal. The reason that it was illegal was because the ill effects of alcohol led many people to fight for the prohibition cause. Some of these ill effects are direct and some alter the behavior and motor skills of the drinker, helping them do things they would not usually do. More often than not, the direct effects result from heavy drinking, like "depression is frequently diagnosed in alcoholics" (Rittenhouse 140). But just getting drunk can do serious harm. "Accidental trauma forms the major cause of brain damage from alcohol" (140) would indicate alcohol as a threat to human health.
Although it is beneficial for the economy for the production of tobacco products it is extremely risky to use the product. According to researchers second-hand smoke is terrible for everyone in the world who walk by someone who is exhaling. In the article by Robert Proctor “Why ban the sale of cigarettes? The case for abolition” he states that cigarettes are the “most deadl...
The problem of alcohol use is very relevant nowadays. Today alcohol consumption characterized by vast numbers in the world. All of society is suffering from this, but primarily jeopardized the younger generation: children, teenagers, young people, and the health of future mothers. Because alcohol is particularly active effect on the body that are not formed, gradually destroying it. The harm of alcohol abuse is evident. It is proved that when alcohol is ingested inside the body, it is carried by blood to all organs and has harmful effect on them until destruction. Systematic use of alcohol develops a dangerous disease such as alcoholism. Alcoholism is dangerous to human health, but it is curable as other diseases. The big problem is that most of the alcohol products which are made in private places contain many toxic substances, defective products often leads to poisoning and even death. All this has negative impact on society and its cultural values.
The governments must ban the sales of tobacco products. There are many consequences to smoking like health, addiction, cessation and economic costs. Second hand smoke is a major problem, since smoking is allowed in alot of public places.
Alcohol and tobacco use may lead to major health risks. Alcohol is associated with chronic liver disease, cancers, cardiovascular disease, acute alcohol poisoning, and fetal alcohol syndrome, while smoking is associated with lung disease, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. Alcohol and tobacco cause more than 80 percent of cases of mouth and throat cancer in men and more than 65 percent in women. People who smoke and drink at same time, it is dangerous to mouth and throat cancer increases dramatically. In fact, the combined risk is greater than or equal to the risk associated with alcohol multiplied by the risk associated with tobacco. The American Heart Association estimates that more than 34 percent of the United States population has some form of cardiovascular disease. First, cardiovascular disease encompasses a variety of conditions, such as heart attack, stroke, and hardenin...
According to (Mackay, 2002), rapid increase in tobacco consumption and its spread around the world represent a great concern to public health both globally and at the national level. Tobacco is the second major cause of death in the world and the fourth most common risk factor for disease worldwide; it kills 4.9 million persons per year therefore it weighs heavily on the health care system of countries. Tobacco undermines the wellbeing of populations. The cost of treating tobacco-related illness is very high, not only in the governments but also to individuals and their families. In addition, the diseases and deaths that result from tobacco consumption impose great suffering and grief on the close family of the tobacco user, effects which are exacerbated by poverty.