De-fuelling and Refuelling are processes done coincidentally to insure that no contamination is present and to clean up fuel tanks as well by removing the fuel and supplying fuel on the aircraft, respectively. Every activity associated in aviation requires procedures and guidelines to bring out safe production and prevention against potential hazards. Aircraft Refuelling/De-fuelling is a crucial servicing activity needed to be executed with the appropriate course of actions and guidelines followed by highly educated personnel to meet the objective of satisfying the requirements and demands with least potential hazardous effects. This procedure does not only require safe practices, but also caution since it deals with combustible material. Therefore, the first and foremost regard is to assure that the type of fuel to be used is correct, that is, specified on the AMM. But above all, abide by the fuel safety practices required by aviation authorities. Control measures established for the operation include: • Be careful not to spill the fuel for it ignite the engine or brakes • If a spill occurs, stop the procedure and immediate action should be taken • Properly ground and bond the aircraft and fuel truck alike • Bonding connections must only be removed when the whole procedure is finished. • Electrical circuits in the fuel system should be checked and inspected before starting the procedure • For safety purposes, clear the nearby area and free from unnecessary materials • Aircraft main engines must be inactive when the operation is going on • Do not execute the operation in bad weather conditions • Place fire extinguishers when performing the operation • There must be a fire-fighting equipment available in case of emergenc... ... middle of paper ... ...airtransport.cc/manuals/OPS/ATI%20Deice%20Manual.pdf Emirates Student Module Aircraft Fuelling - https://www.iaa.ie/media/Air_fuelling1.pdf http://www.exxonmobilaviation.com/aviationglobal/files/fuellingguide2003.pdf http://www.airbus.com/fileadmin/media_gallery/files/safety_library_items/AirbusSafetyLib_-FLT_OPS-GND_HAND-SEQ01.pdf http://www.experimentalaircraft.info/flight-planning/aircraft-refueling.php https://www.adr.it/en/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=6977c5c0-aef2-419f-b03b-fe04bb0460be&groupId=17615 http://wtruib.ru/amm3/SERVICING/12-11-28-650-001-A.php http://bcad.gov.bb/page/Pdf/Operations%20Circulars-Pdf/OAC-004%20Aircraft%20Ground%20Handling%20%20And%20Servicing.Pdf http://www.aacm.gov.mo/uploads/aip/AICA199501.pdf http://www.airtransport.cc/manuals/OPS/ATI%20Deice%20Manual.pdf http://www.airtransport.cc/manuals/MX/ATI%20757%20Fueling%20Manual.pdf
All of the sources of current to the equipment should be isolated and signs need to be fixed to ensure that the nature of the equipment is known
The Safety Board’s lengthy investigation revealed the possibilities of short circuiting wire systems as a source of ignition within the fuel tank, which would provide the minimum ignition energy required according to the parameters established by the American Petroleum Institute (API) as well as the analysis of the conditions within the CWT at the time of the incident. The he...
Upon extraction, the crude oil is transferred to a refinery. This is normally done either by pipeline or supertanker ships that are up 1500 feet in ...
On February 12, 2009, a Colgan Airlines flight operating as Continental Connection Flight 3407 crashed two miles from the runway in Buffalo, New York, killing all fifty people aboard.. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigation that followed stunned the American public and identified the need to closely examine the regulations governing pilot training and pilot rest requirements, with a strong focus on regional airlines (Berard, 2010, 2). Currently, the United States government has passed HR 5900, which was titled the Airline Safety and Federal Aviation Administration Extension Act of 2010 and is now called Public Law 111-216 (Public Law 111-126, 2010, 3). The bill targets five focal points that will force the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to run an even safer operation. These focal points include creating a pilot record database, implementation of NTSB flight crewmember training recommendations, FAA rule making on training programs, pilot fatigue, and flight crewmember screening and qualifications (Berard, 2010, 4).
After the oil/gas mixture is drawn from the ground, it is then stored into a storage tank and allowed to rest for a while. Then the gas is piped off to a set of distillation columns to clean up the ethane. In order to activate the chemical reaction necessary to separate the ethane, a thermal cracking unit (a sort of long heated tube) i.e. a plug flow reactor is used. After a series of distillations, ethylene exits the tube.
Let's start with the easiest thing to take care of: the charging system. This system is made up of two main parts: the alternator and the battery. The alternator initially sends out an A.C. current, but automobiles need D.C., so the current must be converted by diodes and sent back and forth from the battery. Some symptoms of a charging system illness include low battery, alternator noise, dim bulbs, and non-working accessories. Everything but the alternator noise could be a result of leaving your lights on, anything that is hooked up to the lighter, grounded wires somewhere, anything automatic in the car, like automatic windows, or even a crack in the battery. A simple check list to go through to make sure you don't have a major problem would include checking the alternator belt for wear and to make sure it's not slipping and whining; battery cables, checking to see if the are also loose, off, or grounded; also checking the terminals for corrosion. This could also mean your battery is dead. In any of these cases you may choose to take your car to an Advance Auto Parts or Auto Zone because they will help you to check, charge or change your battery for free. A battery or alternator are two thing...
systems and reduced throttle losses at part load operation. This can be achieved through e.g. direct fuel injection with
...uctions with compressed air. Check for cracking, fraying, obvious looseness, and breaks on alternator fan and power steering pump drive belts
In this study, the aim is to provide information and knowledge more on aircraft maintenance safety precautions and procedures in dealing with ground handling, general maintenance like working at height, working in confined spaces, moving suspended loads, aircraft refuelling or de-fuelling, ground de-icing/anti-icing and so on.
Planning, an imperative part of any business environment, is a daily focus at Boeing Corporation. The organization faces daily challenges to produce products to fit the consumer wants for air travel, comfort, and efficiency. While Boeing deals with a constant need for innovative ideas it also deal with the challenges of its main competitor airbus whom has historically been subsidized by many of the European nations to compete with Boeing for a larger share of the market. Boeing management, through excellent planning, an ethics policy that demands large returns for shareholders, and constant work to comply with ever changing legal demands of the industry has led to the constant success of the company.
The main purpose of the article, Airspace Blunders, is to identify the leading causes for airspace incursions, more commonly known as near-midair collisions, and to provide alternative courses of action to prevent them.
» Downstream: significant refineries incorporate unrefined petroleum preparing and transport of items to retail outlets.
Most people today fill up their car with different qualities of petrol, because that's what the average car takes. They don't usually consider an alternative for the petrol that they load into their cars. Although petrol is widely used, it is not the only source for a car to get its power from; diesel and electricity are alternatives to the general petrol used by most cars. Although different from each other, diesel and electricity are alternatives to the average gasoline received at a gas station. Diesel is a more concentrated type of fuel that is usually used by big automobiles because they require a lot of power in a little amount of time. Electricity is a method that uses the power of batteries to produce a low horsepower but, nevertheless fast automobile. Electric cars are generally created to be soundless and environment friendly. The purpose of this paper is to classify and educate the reader of the different types of fuel available for an automobile to use: petrol, diesel, and electricity. The general petrol, used by most people, is usually the only type of fuel accepted on the average car in the United States today.
"The Basics Of Aircraft Maintenance."The Basics Of Aircraft Maintenance. SBI, n.d. Web. 3 Jan. 2014. .
After the fuel is filtered and purified of all pollutants and contaminations, the fuel or substance is then sold in its filtered state. The fuel is then no longer processed. Smaller molecules, for example, butylene and propylene has the ability to “partner up” to qualify for the designated octane requirements for th...