Teaching and acquiring second foreign languages are necessary to have various knowledge that relate to different ways or methodologies. As a known initially the people have (L1.) mother tongue after the birth. It is learned from the way of audition and this acquisition starts with maternity and infanthood. The mother tongue learners learn the main rules and patterns which is L1. Therefore, second language acquisition becomes impalpable. Most of educators tired to solve this problem with different kinds of approaches and applications of curriculums that is based on T-S. In addition, a number of investigators start to do researches and put forward various approaches. In the course of time, some of these approaches were applied. At the same time, every approach which puts forward is destroyed than the previous application. Nowadays many of students who study at teaching second language acquisition learn different kinds of methodologies. These methodologies support the effective acquisition. So a number of teacher and students benefit from these methods. This year we were one of them. We see that many of them such as, terminologies and methodologies based on different period during the history. Our lecture name is Foreign Language Teaching Methods. Briefly these methodologies are Grammar Translation Method (GTM), Direct Method (DM), The Audio-Lingual Method (ALM), The Silent Way (SW), Suggestopedia, Communicative Language Learning, and Community Lang. Learning, The Lexical Approach, Comparative Learning, Content Based Learning, Task-Based Learning and Past Method.
There are lot of approaches and methods for teaching and learning foreign language effectively. Every approach includes truth value but wrong value or at that time considere...
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...c communicative cognitive cultural and linguistic awareness are effective. Unfortunately in our country, post method effects are seen only private school. I graduated in public school and I did not see this type of curriculum until university.
In conclusion, language learning has extensive area and to host a lot of methodologies and approaches. These kinds of approaches prove a huge of support to effective teaching and learning. Every approach has deficiency. Especially pre-methods approach like Grammar-translation and silent way methods. The importance issue is teacher aware of difference in these methods. In the past time or modern time are not the same but the teacher should set up to relative between to each other. All of the methods or approaches should be known but the most proper method/approaches should be chosen for cultivating effective language learners.
Learning a language is quite possibly one of the most difficult and time- consuming endeavors a person could ever undertake. Therefore, it comes as no surprise, that a limited number of second languages are taught in schools across the western world, and languages are sometimes failed to be passed on to children growing up in a different country than their parents did. Even in Canada, an officially bilingual country, only 15% of Canadians speak English and one unofficial language (Statistics Canada 2008) and in America, only 21% of the population is versed in two languages (Logan, 2003). It has become apparent that there is a need for Canadians and Americans to learn a second language. For a country to survive, it needs to rely on other countries as there is no one country that can produce within it’s borders all the means to meet the needs of it’s people. Furthermore, with the threat of international terrorism, the economic crisis and environmental ruin looming above countries all over the world, governments and organizations need to work together to come up with solutions. These cross culture collaborations would not be possible without the ability of even a few people present to speak each other’s languages. Conversely, by remaining monolingual, skills and knowledge will become concentrated only in certain countries and as the transfer of knowledge will cease the rate of human advancement will slow. This report intends to discuss the interpersonal and personal benefits of learning a second language, and investigate different ways of learning. To accomplish this, I have conducted secondary research into the interpersonal and personal benefits of learning another language. These particular areas of research were cho...
The previous chapter explained the variables and the important aspects of the present study. The present chapter thus continues the explanation on the aspects of the theories and studies done towards the matter. The explanation provides evidence and brief explanations on what have been found about the matter. The explanations start from the most basic aspect of the research which is the language in general.
Thus, the book answers numerous practical questions that teachers have often struggled with; for example, how to increase the chances of academic success for language learners, how to use technology to teach language effectively, or how to teach language and content material concurrently. From the preface, the author makes it very clear that the book is designed to support language teachers in their journey as new teachers and throughout their teaching careers. In total, the book contains eleven chapters, which have been divided into four parts. The first part, "What Do Language Teachers Think About?" includes topics of foreign/ second language acquisition theories and language teaching methodologies. This part introduces the background knowledge readers will need in their journey as language teachers. The second part, "How Do You Teach a Language?" introduces approaches to teaching and learning that improve students’ writing, listening, speaking and reading abilities. Each chapter in this part includes suggestions for how students can be motivated and describes teaching and testing approaches to assess students ' language skills and academic literacy. The third part, "How Do I Know What to Teach?" is instrumental in helping teachers adopt teaching practices to particular teaching settings. The fourth part, "Where Do I Go from Here?" helps teachers gain a clearer perspective of what language teaching is all about; this section also considers teacher 's self-assessment and personal
How do children acquire language? What are the processes of language acquisition? How do infants respond to speech? Language acquisition is the process of learning a native or a second language. Although how children learn to speak is not perfectly understood, most explanations involve both the observations that children copy what they hear and the inference that human beings have a natural aptitude for understanding grammar. Children usually learn the sounds and vocabulary of their native language through imitation, (which helps them learn to pronounce words correctly), and grammar is seldom taught to them, but instead that they rapidly acquire the ability to speak grammatically. Though, not all children learn by imitation alone. Children will produce forms of language that adults never say. For example, “I spilled milk on hisself” or “Debbie wants a cookie”. This demonstrates that children have the desire to speak correctly and have self-motivating traits to communicate. This supports the theory of Noam Chomsky (1972)-that children are able to learn grammar of a particular language because all intelligible languages are founded on a deep structure of universal grammatical rules that corresponds to an innate capacity of the human brain. Adults learning a second language pass through some of the same stages, as do children learning their native language. In the first part of this paper I will describe the process of language acquisition. The second part will review how infants respond to speech.
Sheen, Y. (2004). Corrective feedback and learner uptake in communicative classrooms across instructional settings. Language teaching research, 8(3), 263-300. Retrieved March 13, 2012 from, http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=EJ805614&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Children’s acquisition of language has long been considered one of the uniquely defining characteristics of human behaviour.
Learning a second language is a hard and complex task because it involves much commitment from both the learner and the facilitator. In addition to the commitment and the hard mental process that the learner goes through, there is a group of factors involved in the learning process. Among these factors are the person attempting to learn the second language is, and what is meant by this is, where they come from, the economic limitations they may have, how, when, and where the learning takes place. It is also important to understand their social and cultural background, to be aware of their intellectual capacity, and what inclines them to learn a second language, as well
In the field of ELT, different and innovative ideas have been added for language teaching. In the recent era, the trend is more towards Communicative Language Teaching(CLT).Compared to previous time when learning a new language was meant for reading literature, now it has become a necessity for communication. After mother tongue people learn another language for maintaining communication with the people speaking different languages. Hence, language is learnt as a means of communication rather than a subject. So, with the changed necessity of language learning, the teaching methods and approaches have also been altered.
Traditionally, people learn a new language by either taking a class or learning it from the textbooks. A more interesting way of learning
One of Direct method advantages are that does not teach about languages but it teaches language itself and its use. It is also taught in similar way that first language is acquired, so it is follow the natural order of acquisition. Thus, students’ spoken language is given priority by using commonly day language. That would prompt students to study because what they are leaning is exist in really life. Moreover, this method has become well-known for those who want to communicate in real life speech because it emphasize on spoken rather than other
Sekelj and Rigo (2011) stated that there are three phases of learning the English language. The first phase is the pupils of Year 1 to Year 4, where in this phase, pupils are preferably do a lot of mechanical drilling and practicing some patterns of grammatical features which occur in the context of dialogue that are related to their real-life without any metalinguistic explanation in order to allow them to participate orally and physically as much as possible in dialogues, role playing and dramatizing. It is because, in this stage, it is important to make them conscious of their progress and increasing their motivation to use the language. Teacher should use a variety of activities to teach grammar such as by using songs, riddles, games and stories because it could be very helpful and an efficient ways in teaching grammar as what had suggested by Long (2000) where this FonF approach is effective because it is learner-centered and tune to the learners’ internal syllabus. According to Sekelj and Rigo (2011), Vilke (1977) said that, at the early age, the unconscious acquisition process is superior to the learning one due to the child’s cognitive development. Next, the second phase is Year 5 to Year 6 where in this stage, grammar start to be taught explicitly but with simple and clear explanation and awareness of accuracy of grammar structure should be
Teaching second language is different from teaching first language. This is because second language learning may be affected by various factors such as the personality, age of the learners, the motivation of the second language learners and their cognitive level. When a teacher teaches second language to students, they must always bear in mind to use a variety of general principles of second language. The examples of these general principles are teacher should vary teaching methods, should make learning visual and teacher should help learners to develop intrinsic motivation.
Although foreign language teachers should use the target language as much as possible making the effort of adopting an appropriate speech style easily understandable for students, it is a real fact that not everything can be explained and that students will not always comprehend what teachers are explaining. In these situations the use of translation would be a valuable solution. Additionally, some experts consider that “translation should yield useful information as it brings up the similarities and differences between one language and another. It is in this particular way that translation facilitates and
In most institutions of learning today, the classes are made up of students from different ethnic backgrounds. These have different traditions and also speak different languages. In a typical classroom, the majority of the students will speak the same language. The teacher must then employ strategies which will accommodate all the students in the class. This will ensure that every learner gets the best quality of education. This will enable them to be better prepared for career and expressing themselves. In this paper, strategies to assist learners of the English language in their literal development for third grade learners. In the paper, three strategies that can be used by the teacher will be discussed. New strategies and research that will help the English language learners to gain in depth mastery of the language will also be discussed. Due to the widespread learning of the English language in most schools, addressing issues of the language learners is of vital importance. Teachers should have the understanding that cultures are what give someone identity and therefore no student should leave their culture for another. Instead, there should be the blending of different cultures so that students can appreciate and learn from each other.
The issue focused on importance of learning of foreign languages. Many people ask "Why should I learn foreign languages? " Learning a foreign language takes assiduity and free time. In order to understand this importance we need first to understand benefits of knowing and learning foreign languages.