Today, Black culture is a buzzword. Online, many member of the millennial generation contest the appropriation and appreciation of Black culture on a daily basis. Yet, there exists numerous interpretations of the term “Black culture” itself. Though Black culture can mirror Pan-African sentiments and seek to represent the cultures of all Black people throughout the diaspora, the term sometimes refers to specific experiences of Blackness. These include those of: African Americans, an American who has African ancestry; Africans, a person born, raised, or living in Africa; and Blacks, relating to a group of people who have dark skin and come originally from Africa. Though the African American lens is typically used when discussing material examples …show more content…
In his 1941 book, “Myth of the Negro Past”, Herskovits argues that there is something African that persists in African American, or Black, culture. As he writes, “Slavery did not totally destroy the African culture and that in fact African culture has survived in various forms in the Caribbean to the point where certain cultural phenomenon must be seen in the light of African cultural retention” (Herskovits). This retentionist theory was created by Herskovits in order to discourage assertions that Africans had no other past than that of “primitive savagery” (Herskovits). Herskovits presented that there are three forms in which continental African culture was retained by enslaved African: Survivals, cultural forms that nearly mirrored the original African forms; Syncretisms, the practice of identifying aspects of the old culture when comparing to that of the new culture; and Reinterpretations, seen when African culture is reinterpreted to suit a new environment. All these forms can be seen in African worship practices …show more content…
Frazier argues that African retentionist theories are negligible because enslaved Africans were completely stripped of their culture by the process of the African Slave Trade and subsequent enslavement. Therefore, a new, completely different and unique culture was created via slavery, middle passage, and seasoning -- conditioning enslaved people to inhumane treatment. Some of the new cultural traditions included: shifting religious practices; the African family being broken and dispersed across the Americas; and, creating new languages while adapting to life during enslavement. As Frazier notes, "Those traditions were a measure, in a sense, of the extent to which the Negro ha[d] assimilated the American cultural heritage" (Frazier 388) . Frazier also pulled from one of the three forms that uphold Herskovits theory of retention in order to valid his annihilation theory. Frazier believes that Syncretism served as proof of the destruction of natural African, or Black, culture. The processes of capture, abuse, and surveillance created a climate inhospitable to clinging onto the older forms of
Everyone is raised within a culture with a set of customs and morals handed down by those generations before them. Most individual’s view and experience identity in different ways. During history, different ethnic groups have struggled with finding their place within society. In the mid-nineteen hundreds, African Americans faced a great deal of political and social discrimination based on the tone of their skin. After the Civil Rights Movement, many African Americans no longer wanted to be identified by their African American lifestyle, so they began to practice African culture by taking on African hairdos, African-influenced clothing, and adopting African names. By turning away from their roots, many African Americans embraced a culture that was not inherited, thus putting behind the unique and significant characteristics of their own inherited culture. Therefore, in an African American society, a search for self identity is a pervasive theme.
Sprouted from slavery, the African American culture struggled to ground itself steadily into the American soils over the course of centuries. Imprisoned and transported to the New World, the African slaves suffered various physical afflictions, mental distress and social discrimination from their owners; their descendants confronted comparable predicaments from the society. The disparity in the treatment towards the African slaves forged their role as outliers of society, thus shaping a dual identity within the African American culture. As W. E. B. DuBois eloquently defines in The Souls of Black Folk, “[the African American] simply wishes to make it possible for a man to be both a Negro and an American, without being cursed and
Freud defined civilization as the “whole sum of the achievements and the regulations which distinguish our lives from those of our animal ancestors and which serve two purposes-namely to protect men against nature and to adjust their mutual relations” (Freud, Sigmund 42). Knowing the history of a civilization is crucial to understanding its effects on its own people. Frantz Fanon wrote in his book, Black Skin, White Masks that the black man “has no culture, no civilization, and no ‘long historical past’” (Fanon 17). The black man’s lack of civilization can be attributed to their enslavement. Once black men were taken from their home country and forced into slavery, they lost their own civilization. They were thrust into the New World,
It must be noted that for the purpose of avoiding redundancy, the author has chosen to use the terms African-American and black synonymously to reference the culture, which...
Author of “The Negro Family”, E. Franklin Frazier believed that the centrality of the bible, structure of Black worship, and notion of God that evolved from the invisible institution to the Black Church was confirmation of the power of white influence . These tactics and different developments were merely adaptive methods used by slaves in order to worship freely in a confined space. Frazier’s beliefs were undermined by author Gayraud S. Wilmore’s description of Vodun in his book Black Religion and Black Radicalism. Frazier’s contention that black religion was evidence of white influence assumes a blank and passive slate. While Vodun in West Africa did have organization that was probably “infiltrated by Roman Catholicism” the goal of New World Africans was to adapt and understand their lives (Wilmore 43). Although white influence was forced upon New World Africans, slaves did not accept this influence but rather interpreted it to create a new, place-based Vodun religion. Vodun adapted to New World conditions, functioned as a coping mechanism, and possessed evolutionary qualities.
The third key principle of race, ethnicity and post-colonial analysis centers on a group’s culture being erased in order to adapt to the “new” dominant culture (Hall 269-271). The group being affected may try to hold on to established traditions but may face a divide in their ranks. The older generations are more likely to cling on to established cultural traditions but the new generations will try to adapt to the new ones society presents to them. Ellison gives examples of the divide in the African American community. “He was brought up along with the members of a country quartet to sing what the officials called “their primitive spirituals” when we assembled in the chapel on Sunday evenings” (Ellison 47). The older generation, that Trueblood
Slave’s masters consistently tried to erase African culture from their slave’s memories. They insisted that slavery had rescued blacks form the barbarians from Africa and introduced them to the “superior” white civilization. Some slaves came to believe this propaganda, but the continued influence of African culture in the slave community added slave resistance to the modification of African culture. Some slaves, for example, answered to English name in the fields but use African names in their quarters. The slave’s lives were filled with surviving traits of African culture, and their artwork, music, and other differences reflected this influence.
In African American Studies/Literature I walked in thinking that I could be told nothing about African American culture or history because I’m African American. In some ways I knew that racism existed but I learned how it has been subtle in control the way we think. We have learned that colonization has not ended and that in many ways we are still being oppressed. In this paper I’m going to show how African American has used hip hop and black hair are two ways in which African Americans embrace their culture and fighting oppression. However, as we have review in many classes oppression is not easily escaped. So in this paper I’m going to show how cultural appropriation is used as a way of oppressing black culture. So this paper will be an expansion of what we have learned in the
In accordance to African American writer Margaret Walker’s quote that talks about African Americans still having their African past intact despite slavery and racism, immigration indeed affected cultural ways. The interconnection of the trans-Atlantic world brought about the rise of new cultures, music and expressions that were to be held by future generations, which is now the population of African American people. This paper will research on the middle passage and the early American slavery and how African tried to resist.
Africans changed or rebuilt their societies as a result of their travels and interactions with other cultures. The enslaved black people built a tradition of opposition to slavery that manifested itself in significantly weakening the systems of slavery. They developed new traditions and a new sense of identity that incorporated appreciation for their ancestral life as well as the new realities or slavery. Migration, whether forced or done freely contributed to a new identity (Manning 38).
African Americans have been at a disadvantage for almost all of America’s history. In fact, America was built off of exploiting African American men and women as well as other individuals that were not considered white. As time progress, the need for different organizations to protect the rights of African Americans was necessary and very much needed. You find that there are institutes like the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, The Black Panther Party, Sororities, Fraternities, and even Churches were established to preserve and protect the rights of Colored/African-American People. There were also different caucuses whose functions were very similar to the organizations above. I have selected the Georgia Legislative
One of the biggest ways Africans were able to endure the institution of slavery was by finding similarities in the European culture that coincided with their native customs. “ The similarities between many European and African Cultural elements enabled the slave to continue to engage in many traditional activities or to create a synthesis of European and African cultures.”1 While there were many
The time has come again to celebrate the achievements of all black men and women who have chipped in to form the Black society. There are television programs about the African Queens and Kings who never set sail for America, but are acknowledged as the pillars of our identity. In addition, our black school children finally get to hear about the history of their ancestors instead of hearing about Columbus and the founding of America. The great founding of America briefly includes the slavery period and the Antebellum south, but readily excludes both black men and women, such as George Washington Carver, Langston Hughes, and Mary Bethune. These men and women have contributed greatly to American society. However, many of us only know brief histories regarding these excellent black men and women, because many of our teachers have posters with brief synopses describing the achievements of such men and women. The Black students at this University need to realize that the accomplishments of African Americans cannot be limited to one month per year, but should be recognized everyday of every year both in our schools and in our homes.
The core principle of history is primary factor of African-American Studies. History is the struggle and record of humans in the process of humanizing the world i.e. shaping it in their own image and interests (Karenga, 70). By studying history in African-American Studies, history is allowed to be reconstructed. Reconstruction is vital, for over time, African-American history has been misleading. Similarly, the reconstruction of African-American history demands intervention not only in the academic process to rede...
The mental and physical violence against African Americans was theorized to have erased black people 's cultural background from their memories, according to the information provided by Wendy Wilson Fall and Charles Sow in Kimoh, dar you are! (Fall 25). The idea was then followed by opposing arguments when stated, “Melville J. Herskovits and others have argued that cultural retentions can take a variety of forms and iterations..” (Fall 25). Deep cultural grammar was common among African descendants as their jargon, fashion, and cultural appreciation reflected similar phrases, clothing, and dances in West Africa. In Susan Kart, "Wade in the Water: Beyoncé, Mami Wata and Black Feminist Power