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The process of adolescence
Factors influencing gender discrimination
Women leadership through the years
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Recommended: The process of adolescence
Adolescence marks a critical transitioning period in which individuals undergo through various types of changes such as physical, emotional, and cognitive maturation. Furthermore, many researchers have accounted for spirituality and religiosity as vital assets of development for youth as it provides morals, ideals, and a positive self-image. Spirituality is having an intimate experience of the sacred and divine, while religiosity correlates with organized religion. Religiosity embodies beliefs, practices, and rituals. In general, it is believed that adolescents who are introduced to religion or some type of spirituality tend to have lower levels of anxiety and are less likely to develop maladaptive psychological adjustments.
According to the
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I agree because in general, God made women fragile and sentimental. While some women are more emotive than others, most women are actually very self-conscious about their appearance and the way others perceive them. However, I do believe that self-esteem differs on how a woman publicly perceives herself. If a female distinguishes herself with attributed masculine aspects such as self-confidence, outspokenness, and acts like a leader, then they will have a higher self-worth. Furthermore, living in a male-dominated culture and society tends to also, promote low self-esteem (Mason, Mason, & Mathews, 2016, p. 245). I can see why this is correct because social norms tend to have an impact on the way women are treated. For so long women have been attributed and are continuously associated to weakness and inability to lead, yet, we easily forget that we were created in God’s likeness. The truth is, we are all created to be effective …show more content…
For instance, there is a “greater likelihood for men to aspire leadership and for women not to aspire leadership roles” (Mason, Mason, & Matthews, p, 254). Furthermore, self-esteem is also an important factor to consider. For both genders, “self-esteem forms the desire and will to take on leadership roles” (Mason, Mason, & Matthews, 2016, p. 252). In my experience, I believe that both men and women have an equal chance of aspiring leadership roles. Nonetheless, this is my stance because I have a lower level of a patriarchal attitude and a higher self-esteem. As the leader of two ministries, I would advocate that there is no reason for women to be afraid of aspiring leadership roles. Insecurities should not be obstacles that prohibit women from pursuing their calling and their goals. In fact, they should serve as motivation to overcome such a stigma of gender inequality in the
Self-esteem is commonly defined as “a confidence in one's own worth or abilities.” It’s typically known as a personality trait, so everyone’s idea of “self-esteem” is completely different. Your self-esteem affects how you talk, act, and even think. Do you feel like you’re successful? Are you happy with your appearance? How do you feel about your social status? These are all questions that can help determine whether you have low self-esteem or high self-esteem.
We are introduced to adolescence in the 5th stage of development. Adolescence begins for boys around the age of 14 and continues up until the age of 21 years of age. At this stage of development, there are many changes that occur emotionally, physically, sexually and spiritually (McGoldrick, Carter, & Garcia Preto, 2011). At this time, adolescent kids are going through changes in their body. They are dealing with coming into their own sexuality. Skills pertaining to social skills and social relationships are being developed through experience. Adolescents are also increasing their skills of physical and mental coordination, such as learning about the world and working on their own coordination. Adolescence is also characterized by learning their own identity and where they fit in the world, as well as learning their relationship with peers and those around them. Spiritual identity is also developed along with a deeper understanding of life. Independence is something that is also weighing on the mind of an adolescent. Overall changes in the family structure can also occur when a child of this age reaches this
...f adolescence allow development the identity that will serve as a basis for their adult lives. During Erikson's stage of identity versus role confusion, adolescents' description of self expands to include personality traits and attitudes. The emergence of abstract reasoning abilities allows adolescents to think about the future and experiment with different identities. The development of abstract thought in adolescence also impels the exploration of religious and spiritual beliefs. The development of religious identity begins to come into question with further exploration. Even though the adolescent may eventually adopt beliefs that were similar to their childhood beliefs, the process of exploration is important in achieving a religious identity.
In relation to leadership and women, historically women who wanted to seek leadership roles were often seen projecting the traditional masculine model of leadership. This model means to be rational, unemotional and analytic. It also, means in order to succeed traditionally women needed to look and act like a man to be taken seriously in leadership positions. Women in the past often dressed up in suits and ties and anything feminine was seen as an internal “weakness”. To be a leader in power meant to exude confidence in masculinity and shy away from anything remotely girly. As opposed, to the feminine model which casts power as focused on connection and harmony instead of power over something, someone. This power can be skilled through collective gain or physical attractiveness (Kruse 22).
...tional obstacles to those faced by male counterparts. One common predicament, identified by the former Equal Opportunities Commission, is the requirement for women leaders to spend extra time and energy not just leading, but ‘proving’ that they can lead. Women leaders are penalized whether they confirm, or contradict a specific stereotype. A female leader can expect to be viewed as less competent when her behaviour is consistent with stereotypical ‘feminine’ behaviour, and as ‘un-feminine’, when her behaviour is inconsistent with stereotypes Ritvo et al (1995).
Fisher, H. The Natural Leadership Talents of Women. In Enlightened Power: How Women are Transforming the Practice of Leadership.
Powell and Graves’s study shows that “the gender gap in leadership is a global phenomenon whereby women are disproportionately concentrated in lower-level and lower-authority leader ship positions compared to men” (as cited in Northouse, 2016, p. 399). I couldn’t have agreed more with the statement; I have come across all of people from different aspects of lives. I have noticed that females’ interactions and how they are perceived and or accepted are quite different from males, whether at the workplace, school, in social gathering like religious services, around families and friends, etc. This includes the communication, uncertainty that arises in a professional environment that must do with our
Cotton, S., Zebracki , K., Rosenthal, S.L., Tsevat, J., &Drotar, D. (2006). Religion/ Spirituality and adolescent health outcomes: A review. Journal of Adolescent Health 38(4), 472-480. Doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth. 2005.10.005.
Women are not given the same opportunities as men to receive a promotion. Not only this, but women actually have to work harder for a promotion to “prove themselves” because they are not taken as seriously as their male counterparts in the workplace. This may be the reason we see a significantly less amount of women in executive positions, such as CEO’s, chief financial officers, and other key roles in major companies. “Women currently hold 4.4% of Fortune 500’s CEO roles” (Zarya). Besides the workplace, the government can be used as an example of just how unequal females are to males. Females make up 20% of senators, 18% of representatives (84 out of the 435) and only 6 governors (Chew). If females see that women only make a small percentage of our government, why should they aspire to be like them, if there is a scare that they are going to be rejected based on their gender? Women in power are role models to other females, and if there is a lack in them, females will continue to believe that they will not be able to achieve that kind of
The reading assignment for this unit included reading several articles and one book in particular, The Female Advantage, by Sally Helgesen as an introduction into varying leadership styles. Leadership, as a honed craft is practiced continually in different ways and varying circumstances, no two individuals will have the same leadership style. Certain distinctive traits brought into the forum and on display for followers to observe. Some traits can be visible, clothing or skin color as examples, others, however, are not as visible such as upbringing or family situation. Each of these factors could play a role in the leadership style of a leader. One trait that the author of the book uses to distinguish leaders is gender. As much as men and women must be treated the fairly and equally, it cannot be denied that outside of the biological aspect, men and women are slightly different. Each gender brings a unique approach to leadership situations.
Self-esteem, a key concept of social psychology, involves self-perception. Effected by a child’s awareness of themselves and their surroundings as well as their expectations of functionality, self-esteem development continues throughout the life span. The development of a healthy sense of self-esteem is not black and white and in early childhood, this burden falls largely on the caregiver. The caregiver is responsible for creating and maintaining an informative environment for the child to successfully grow. Subsequently, the research regarding how to do so is constantly evolving. This literature review will provide information on self-esteem, and its development and longitudinal effects, as well as analyze studies involving the relationship
When we think about how it used to be 100 years ago, the only people in leadership roles where men, and there was no presence of women. Why is it that we tend to see more men in leadership positions? Usually when we think of what a leader looks like, we tend to describe them as powerful, assertive and confidence. Because of stereotypes our society immediately labels this person as a man, due to the roles that we are expected to follow. Today, there has been a huge shift for women in leadership positions; however, there are many challenges that they still have to overcome. A process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal (Northouse, 2007) defines a leader. Moreover, leaders come in different forms whether in a professional, educational, or group setting. As a male college student and an advocate for equal rights between men and women, my understanding of the struggles that women face has a huge impact on my philosophy of leadership. The three most important concepts in this course that has resonated with me the most are double bind, and think manager-think male and glass ceiling.
Interest in the impact of gender on leadership is relatively new. The first studies were conducted in the US in the early 1970s when male managers at nine insurance companies were asked to characterise ‘women in general’, ‘men in general’ and ‘successful managers’. Successful managers were overwhelmingly identified exclusively with male traits. Many similar studies have been carried out since that time and all have demonstrated that the successful managerial stereotype remains male.
Self-esteem is a term used in psychology to reflect person's overall emotional evaluation of his or her own worth. It is a judgment of oneself as well as an attitude toward the self. Self-esteem encompasses beliefs (for example, "I am competent," "I am worthy") and emotions such as triumph, despair, pride and shame. Smith and Mackie define it by saying "The self-concept is what we think about the self; self-esteem is the positive or negative evaluations of the self, as in how we feel about it. Self-esteem is also known as the evaluative dimension of the self that includes feelings of worthiness, prides and discouragement. One's self-esteem is also closely associated with self-consciousness. In the mid-1960s, Morris Rosenberg and
Psychologists and self help practitioners both agree that self-esteem is a relevant component in a persons behaviour and should be taken into account when assessing their well being. Within Psychology its precise relation to the well being of an individual has shifted along with trends within psychology itself regarding the subject. Social cognition is an example of a psychological theory that incorporates self esteem within its definition. It involves the persons interpretation of themselves as individuals and in their interactions with others along with there social environment. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) is a self-report scale developed by Rosenberg a psychologist who supported the social cognition theory. This self-report is a reflective test to assess a persons level of self-esteem (graded high or low) and is still applied in some cases when assessing a persons well being.