The administration and organization of schools are led by school leaders, principals, or site principals. However, the status of the administration varies to a great extent in Switzerland. Some cantons have an established strategy for school leadership with principals, and have done so for 30 years, whereas other cantons have only recently begun to establish school leadership. In large schools, school leadership has been known for a longer time, whereas in small rural communities, decisions for schools have been taken over by the governing body, or not at all, or by staff. This difference is noticed culturally, when comparing the German-speaking region of Switzerland to the French-speaking region. Western Switzerland is characterized by …show more content…
In the canton Ticino, the Scuola dell’infanzia lasts three years. Nearly 100% of children attend pre-school for at least one year and about 86% attend for two years. Attendance of pre-school education is compulsory in 19 of the 26 cantons. In nearly all cantons, the municipalities are legally bound to offer at least one year of pre-school education. Each canton sets the pre-school enrollment age. Children who have reached the respective age by the specified cut-off date are enrolled in pre-school at the start of the school year in the fall term. In the majority of the cantons, the minimum pre-school enrolment age is between 4 years, 0 months, and 4 years, 9 months. The objective of pre-schools is to encourage the socio-affective, psycho-motoric and cognitive development of children and prepares them for entry into school. There is no specific assessment of performance in preschool. Each child is supported according to its developmental status and needs. The development of independence is greatly emphasized, as well as individual, social and intellectual skills. The pre-school curricula have the same basis and educational objectives as the primary school curricula. However, pre-school curricula emphasizes a holistic, interdisciplinary education, in accordance with the child 's developmental status. Literacy and numeracy are introduced in the primary school …show more content…
There are baccalaureate schools in all cantons. The structure and time spent in Baccalaureate education vary according to the canton. It takes at least 12 years of schooling at primary, lower-secondary and upper-secondary level to obtain a Baccalaureate. Enrollment in a Baccalaureate school usually occurs in grade 9, and lasts four years. In cantons, where the Baccalaureate program lasts three years (enrolment in grade 10), preparatory Baccalaureate education must take place in grade 9 within lower-secondary education. There are three types of admission into a Baccalaureate school: (1) Admission based on student 's average grades, (2) Admission based on student 's average grades and recommendation of the teacher at the preceding school. (3) Admission based on an entrance examination and/or student 's grades and/or recommendation from the preceding school. The entrance examinations are generally taken in written form. It should be noted that adults who wish to catch up on a Baccalaureate can attend an adult Baccalaureate school for three years. They must take the Swiss Baccalaureate examination to officially complete this level of education and be eligible to move on to the Tertiary (higher education)
Soler, J., & Miller, L., 2010. The Struggle for Early Childhood Curricula: A comparison of the English Foundation Stage Curriculum, Te Whariki and Reggio Emilia. International Journal of Early Years Education. London: Routledge.
Two-thirds of 4-year-old children in the United States attend preschool, as well as 40% of 3-year-olds (Tejada, 2010). Half of those are enrolled in a public program, such as state prekinde...
The value of preschool is often overlooked as parents consider it for its utilitarian purposes. Although most preschools do function as a daycare, the merits gained from an early education follow children throughout their entire lives. Children at this ripe age are eager to learn, excited about the buzzing world aroun...
In School Leadership that Works Marzano introduces twenty-one responsibilities of a school leader (see Appendix A). These leadership responsibilities are used in the two change orders discussed by Marzano, McNulty and Waters (2005). “Some innovations require changes that are gradual and subtle; others require changes that are dra...
The Child Development Center of College of San Mateo provides early care and educational programs for children between the ages of 3 to 5 years old. Children are divided into classrooms with a “master” teacher, a “regular” teacher, and two or three “associate” teachers. Klara attended Classroom, “A,” a stimulating and well-resourced classroom. Klara was observed for two hours on Monday from 9 am to 11 am and for two hours on Wednesday from 9 am to 11 am. During these two hours, classroom activities consisted of “free time,” “story time,” and an outside “play time.” A “master” teacher, a “regular” teacher, and two “associate” teachers were present during observations. Additionally, a total of eighteen children were in attendance during the observed days.
The school categories are conventional, congenial, or collegial. These three categories are distinguish by discussing the style that the principal administers the school (Glickman et al., 2010). Each individual category gives out a different outcome. A conventional administration or leadership it is recognized by the lack of communication among the staff and the administrator, also, the independence of the teachers is evident, it is no common goal it is a more individual goals setting, usually the responsible for everything are the students and teachers...
In the French education system, educators place a greater emphasis on children attending daycare or preschool before reaching the age of six. Many parents send their children to daycare provided by the city, known as crèche, from as young as three months old. Most of the time, crèche only accepts children whose parents work full time. It does cost money to attend crèche, but most of the time the city subsidizes these fees. If not, the amount of money a family pays for crèche depends on one’s family income. The ability for a child to attend crèche is so competitive that parents begin searching for enrollment opportunities once mothers become pregnant (About-France.com). Once children in France reach three years of age, most children attend nursery school, known as école maternelle, although children are not required to attend school until the age of six. During this three-year period, children progress through three levels of nursery school: Petite Section, Moyenne Section, and Grande Section (French Property). These classes consist of a “state-mandated curriculum” that provides students with a solid foundation of concepts that teachers buil...
children start school at the tender age of four. In pre school you are taught to
Origin from a city in the north of Italy, the Reggio Emilia approach in Early Childhood Education is adopted by multi-countries over the past decades. This approach has a core philosophy, that children should play a leading role in education. Children are seen as full of knowledge and intelligence, with full capabilities to express themselves if only given the proper ways to do to so. They are protagonists of their own learning and have a say in what topics and problems they will study and research. Teachers provide resources to assistant children’s learning and developing. The curriculum is emergent, meaning the teachers choose topics and projects based on careful listening and observations of their student’s interests, needs and inquiries. Children are encouraged to use materials and media to demonstrate their learning and understanding of a topic or project. Documentations and environment have direct influences in helping children’s learning. Parents and community also play a supportive role in children education (O.E.C.D, 2004).
The results of quality preschool programs can be seen early after they begin. Children learn many important life le...
School administrators are important in setting the path for a successful school (Glickman, et al., 2014). The principals could play a dynamic leadership depending on how they exercise their beliefs of the organizational and social environment (McNair, 2011). The principals are the primary facilitators for developing the foundations in learning that will last, to manage the student’s performance at schools, and seeking the improvement at school that will cause great impacts in school‘s education (Gordon,1989). In the recent years in the U.S., education has change in a more cultural diversity population, it is imperative that school supervisors, are trained to encounter this cultural issues, but also assisting others with the opportunities to develop appropriate abilities to deal with different cultures (Glickman, et al., 2014).
The Waldorf Approach Preschool is a highly debated area of a child’s educational journey. One of the primary goals of preschool is to prep the child for traditional elementary school. There are various contemporary models of early education that have been constructed to help children develop their educational career. A few examples of these models are the Bank Street Approach, The Reggio Emilia Approach, The Montessori Approach, and the Head Start Program just to name a few. The Waldorf approach is the program of discussion in this particular paper.
Babies don’t stay babies forever. Eventually, they turn four and parents have to make the difficult decision of putting them in preschool or keeping them to themselves for an extra year. This decision could be life changing for a child, however, it could also be too much for a four year old. The history of preschool becoming an everyday thing for any child has greatly evolved over the years. Preschool gives young children a head start on school so when they attend kindergarten they already have an understand of some school related things. The price of sending a child to preschool is also a factor a lot of parents look at before sending their kids. These are all reasons that parents either decide it is good for their child to attend preschool or to keep them at home for another year.
Education is a very important aspect in the life of a child. The level of success a student has in the classroom is greatly influenced by their teachers. Students, as well as their parents, depend on the teachers to guide them through their education. But who guides a teacher to perform successfully in the classroom? Principals and teachers play an important role in schools. A good relationship among school leaders and teachers is necessary and play an important role in making improvements in the school. Leadership refers to the “process in which one person successfully exerts influence over others to reach desired objectives”. (Okoji, 2015) Good leadership involves honesty, vision, confidence and commitment. It is the ability to inspire a
Teachers have always played one of the most important roles in schools and in the educational histories of most students. One of the greatest challenges facing education systems is implementing the changes that would increase student learning. In this paper, I seek to investigate the traditional views of school reform by redefining the roles teachers can play in school change and thus, increasing student’s learnings outcome.