In the United States one in eight births are preterm (“Funding for Premature Related Research”).Premature means that the baby is born early, which is any baby born before thirty-seven weeks but health problems are usually only a problem for babies born before thirty-four weeks (“Funding for Premature Related Research”). Premature births are the leading cause for neonatal deaths and half of all premature births have no known causes (Lynch and Dezen). Babies who survive prematurity face multiple health problems including cerebral disease, vision and hearing loss, mental retardation, and lung problems (Lees, Reynolds,andMcCartan). Obviously with so many premature babies being born today, with so many unknown neonatal deaths in premature babies, and with all of the health problems for premature babies, there is a problem that must be addressed.The government needs to further fund research for the care and prevention of premature babies to prevent unnecessary death and health problems, cut costs in the long run, put previous findings into effect and reduce parental stress. Death among premature babies is a growing epidemic which extensive research could prevent. Reported by the march of dimes “about 19,000 babies died in their first month, in the United States” (“Newborn Loss”). There are countless amounts of babies dying each year due to the lack of research. Funding for this needed research on premature babies would prevent the amount of countless deaths among infants in the world. If these lives were saved by new research this would impact more countless lives in a positive way instead of letting death negatively affect new infants and relatives. Newly funded research could also lead to more known causes for these deaths. Half of al... ... middle of paper ... ...ting." European Report, 7 Apr. 2001: n. pag. eLibrary. Web. 12 Nov. 2013. Devlin, Hannah. "Don't Let The Forces Of Unreason Stop Research; Scientists Should Be Braver In Defending Animal Experiments And Open Up Their Labs Series: Editorial; Opinion, Columns." Times of London 7, 07 2013,: n. pag. eLibrary. Web. 12 Nov. 2013. Morrison, Nick. "Animal Rights and Wrongs." Northern Echo, 24 Feb. 2001: n. pag. elibrary. Web. 12 Nov. 2013. Mukerjee, Madhusree, Laurie Grace, and Bryan Christie. "Trends in Animal Research." Scientific American, 2 Feb. 1997: n. pag. elibrary. Web. 12 Nov. 2013. Rick Bogle Alliance for Animals. "It Is Time to Revisit Experimentation on Animals." Wisconsin State Journal, 7 08 2013, All ed., The Cap Times: n. pag. eLibrary. Web. 12 Nov. 2013. Zissou, Rebecca. "Makeup Makeover." Junior Scholastic, 15 Apr. 2013: n. pag. eLibrary. Web. 12 Nov. 2013.
Wolff, Jonathan. "Pro and Con Positions Oversimplify Animal Experimentation Issues."Animal Experimentation. Ed. Ronnie D. Lankford, Jr. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2009. At Issue. Rpt. from "Killing Softly." Guardian. 28 Mar. 2006. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 2 Mar. 2014.
Loeb, Jerod M. “Human vs. Animal Rights: In Defense of Animal Research.” Taking Sides: Science, Technology, and Society. Gilford: Dushkin Publishing Group, 2011
For centuries scientists have used animals to study the causes of diseases; to test drugs, vaccines and surgical techniques; and to evaluate the safety of chemicals used in pesticides, cosmetics and other products. However, many scientists amongst animal- right activists forbid the use of animals in scientific research regardless how many illnesses are eliminated through the use of animals in scientific research. Amongst animal right activists, David Suzuki also raises concerns towards animal experimentation. In his article, The Pain of Animals, Suzuki argues that humans have no right to exploit animals because--much like humans--animals also experience pain. In contrast to Suzuki, Haldane, in his article, Some Enemies of Science, argues because animals are very similar to humans, scientists have no choice but to use animals in scientific experiments. Both authors greatly contrast their opinions towards animal experimentation; however Haldane has a more explanatory approach towards animal experimentation. He argues animal experimentation should be acceptable because other forms of animal exploitation are acceptable in society. Secondly, unlike other forms of exploitation which seek pleasure in killing animals such as leisure sport, scientists, most likely do not harm animals; if pain is intended on an animal it is strictly for the purpose of scientific advancement. Thirdly, although, animal experimentation may cause some extinction, it is only one of many other causes of extinction, if other causes are not condemned; then neither should animal experiment...
Prevention is key research goal for premature babies, scientists say. (2010). Science Daily, Retrieved July 10, 2010, from http://ww.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/02/100210172220.htm
Premature birth is when an infant is born 37 weeks before appointed due date. Premature babies are not completely developed and not ready for the outside world. Cases of premature birth can either be slight and not noticeable or completely severe. My brother was born two months premature and had to stay in the hospital for a month attached to machines and IVs. My mother was not able to take her first child home and have a complete certainty that her newborn baby will even be alive. I chose this topic because I am very fortunate for having a strong and healthy eighteen year old brother, even though he was premature. I have gained a strong curiosity towards the effect of prematurity; how some are greatly affected and why some women go into labor premature. I want this research to let me know that I’m not taking my brother for granted. Due to my brother being premature, he is quite shorter compared to most people. My brother and I also have the same birthday. This allows us to pretend we are twins. His effect of being premature is not noticeable because he did not obtain a severe condition. With this research paper, I hope to gain knowledge and acknowledgment towards the people affected due to premature birth.
According to the CDC, “In 2012, preterm birth affected more than 450,000 babies—that's 1 of every 9 infants born in the United States. Preterm-related causes of death together accounted for 35% of all infant deaths in 2010, more than any other single cause. Preterm birth is also a leading cause of long-term neurological disabilities in children. Preterm birth costs the U.S. health care system more than $26 billion in 2005” (Preterm Birth, 2014). These statistics are alarming, but with the proper prenatal care and education, premature birth rates can be reduced. The student nurse’s health promotion project focused on educating women and their families about proper prenatal care. According to the journal “Prevention of Premature Birth: Do Pediatricians Have a Role?” there are many secondary and tertiary preventions related to premature birth. Some secondary preventions are utilized scoring systems for identifying high-risk factors, bed rest, decreased strenuous physical activity and stress, smoking cessation programs, and nutritional supplementation programs. Tertiary prevention is directed at stopping the progress of labor with tocolytic drugs while enhancing lung maturation with steroids, and to also treat premature rupture of membranes and premature labor with antibiotics. Prenatal education is the primary prevention to help decrease the risk for birth
The morals of a modern society entails protections for all species of life. Humans do not have the nature to not inflict harm on innocent animals around the world.Animal research is unjust and neglectful to species in every animal kingdom.The animal kingdom has been disturbed since men step foot on this earth. Some people are so selfish that the only thing that look over is about their own selves and not other humans or living things in this world. Animal rights is a big thing to some people and to others it not this paper talks about how it's cruel to research on animals, how research doesn't improve health,and how it's not regulated.
... SIDS. Through the research provided, I concluded that when a baby is born preterm their brain, along with many other internal organs, is not as fully developed as that of an infant that had reached full gestation. I believe that these studies concerning SIDS address only a small portion of the larger problem and that there needs to be more research done to narrow down the causes.
The first reason why animal experimentation should be put to a good stop is the scientists’ usage of endangered animals. The U.S. Department of agriculture lately estimated that about 1.6 million animals are used in medical and pharmaceutical research (Gaughen 4). Most of the animals that are involved in ...
“Every year, scientists use millions of animals- mostly mice and rats- in experiments. The practice provokes passionate debates over the morality and efficacy of such research- and how to make it more humane.” – John F. Lauerman
There are many factors in which parents need to take into consideration before and after your baby is born that can affect their health. There are certain precautions every parent must take in order to keeping their child healthy. The first years of a child’s life (including in the womb) is very crucial to the child’s physical, mental, emotional, and social growth. Some of the resulting defects a child may have resulting from the irresponsibility of parents before and after the baby is born includes Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), The Effects of Smoking on a Developing Fetus and/or Baby, Shaken Baby Syndrome, and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).
Preterm birth is important for most women who don't know the risk factors and how important premature babies are. The March of Dimes Association had made an awareness for mothers
Currently the United States is 169 out of the total 224 in infant mortality compared to other countries, with 1 being the worst. As stated before there are ways that we can prevent infant mortality so that it is less common. Being a first world country we have a variety of resources to help prevent infant mortality. Some of the ways that we can reduce infant mortality is by providing proper care for the infant during pregnancy, pr...
Orlans, F. Barbara. In the Name of Science:Issues in Responsible Animal Experimentation. New York: Oxford UP: Oxford UP, 1993.
Sikes, Roberts. and William L. Gannon. "Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the Use of Wild Mammals in Research." Journal of Mammalogy 92.1 (Feb. 2011): 235-253. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 5 Oct. 2011.