Roger, Go, Lloyd-Jones, et al. states “Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States for men and women of all racial and ethnic groups.” (As cited in Hinkle & Cheever 2014, p. 729). There are different types cardiovascular diseases and they have a lot in common in terms of characteristics. This paper will focus on discussing acute coronary syndrome and myocardial infarction. To distinguish the two from each other, it is important to know the similarities and differences in etiology, clinical manifestations, medical management, collaborative care and nursing management for these two diseases.
Acute coronary syndrome pertains to a sudden changes in the heart’s blood supply. It can range from the development of
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Myocardial infarction and acute coronary syndrome require the same medications such as: “aspirin, nitroglycerin, morphine, beta blockers, and thrombolytics” (Smeltzer, pp. 744, 2010) Oxygen administration and a 12-lead electrocardiogram is also required upon arrival to the hospital. A PCIS is a procedure for “opening the occluded artery and providing perfusion to the area of the heart that has been deprived of oxygen” and should be done in less than one hour of patient arrival (Smeltzer, pp. 745, 2010). When a PCI is contraindicated or unavailable at a certain facility, thrombolytics are admistered to “dissolve the thrombus in a coronary artery” in order for reperfusion to the deoxygenated area of the heart to occur (Smeltzer, pp. 745, 2010). After the initial medical treatment for acute coronary syndrome and a myocardial infarction, “continuous cardiac monitoring” is required to ensure that another episode is not going to occur (Smeltzer, 745, 2010). Monitoring is preferably done on an intensive care unit because of the severity of the complications that could occur. Medications such as “aspirin, beta-blockers, and an ACE inhibitor” is included in the ongoing treatment (Smeltzer, pp. 745, 2010). Cardiac rehabilitation is initiated after the patient with acute coronary
Cardiovascular disease is an epidemic that is afflicting this great nation. It makes up 42% of all deaths, and CVD, principally coronary artery disease and stroke, is the nation’s leading killer for both men and women among all racial and ethnic groups. However, CVD affects one part of the population in an incredibly serious manner. This section is the African American community, and among blacks age 20 and over, 40.5% of men and 39.6% of women are affected by CVD. General practitioners need to focus on the causal biologic and social factors, such as background, heritage, and diet that add to the disparity in the prevalence of CVD in the black community. As well as, efforts to boost consciousness about the associations between lifestyle choices and cardiovascular outcomes must be strengthened and expanded. This multi-tiered approach is the only way to combat this killer, and salvage the lives our the African American people.
Cardiogenic shock can acute or chronic disorders that effect the function of the heart in supplying adequate tissue/organ perfusion.
The purpose for the stent was to hold the coronary artery open to allow the blood to flow more freely.
After review of the clinical information provided by North Central Bronx Hospital, the Medical Director has denied your admission to North Central Bronx Hospital. It was determined that the clinical information did not justify an inpatient stay. Acute inpatient hospitalization was not medically necessary. You are a 56 year old female with complaints of worsening pressure-like chest pain on the left sided that radiated to your left arm and neck. The symptoms began when you were at rest and woke you from your sleep. Based on the Interqual guideline (a decision based program to determine medical need) criteria to for acute coronary syndrome the clinical guidelines were not met because troponins were negative, there was no diagnostic testing such as a stress test, or documentation of ischemia in the clinical information that was submitted.
There are various treatments for acute coronary syndrome to prevent the occurrence of an acute myocardial infarction. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the current research of the pharmacological treatments of this condition and to evaluate the relevance of this research in relation to the practise of paramedics.
The media today concentrates intently on drug and alcohol abuse, homicides, AIDS, and so on. What a lot of people aren’t realizing is that coronary disease actually accounts for about 80% of sudden deaths. In fact, the number of deaths from heart disease approximately equals to the number of deaths from cancer, chronic lung disease, pneumonia and influenza, and others combined.
A myocardial infarction occurs when the coronary arteries become blocked. This blockage leads to decreased oxygenated blood flow to the heart muscle. The blockage is typically caused by a buildup of atherosclerotic plaque on the inside lining of the coronary arteries (What). If this plaque ruptures then a myocardial infarction will take place. When the plaque ruptures the immune system begins to respond by sending platelets to fight it. The problem here is that the platelets are sticky and they clot together. When platelets reach the site of the rupture they attach to it and make a blood clot. This decreases the open diameter of the coronary artery and causes less blood to reach the heart muscle. The heart muscle following
Second diagnoses is Acute Myocardial Infarct (AMI) is the results from plaque rupture which then followed by the formation of large thrombus that mostly or fully stops the lumen of a coronary artery, which then results in myocardial ischemia, injury and necrosis of myocytes (Wesley, 2011).
Today, cardiovascular disease is “the number one killer in the United States and the developed world” (Sapolsky, 2004, p. 41). Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common form of cardiovascular disease, and is responsible for claiming an unreasonable amount of lives every year. CHD can begin to accumulate in young adults, but is prominently found in both men and women in their later adult lives. As a result of CHD, men typically experience heart attacks, whereas women present with chest pains, known as angina (Matthews, 2005).
Myocardial infarctions are caused by vascular endothelial disruption most often associated with plaque build-up or atherosclerosis that develops over several years and causes thrombus formation which in turn
Succinctly speaking, a myocardial infarction is not a disease but rather an event occurring due to the progression of coronary heart disease. 1(p.125) With coronary heart disease, the flow of blood which supplies the heart with oxygen is blocked, reducing the amount of oxygen received by the cardiac muscles and resulting in damage or death of cardiac muscle....
Mrs. Green was admitted to hospital as she was experiencing chest pain that was continuous for around 10 minutes. During her admission in the emergency department she had a 12 lead Electro-cardiogram (ECG) which indicated that she was having a ST Elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (School of Nursing & Midwifery 2014). Mrs. Green was then taken to have a percutaneous transluminal angioplasty which stents were placed, that was completed using a femoral approach and then was transferred to the cardiac care ward and is planned to be discharged the next day (School of Nursing & Midwifery
Oxygen was first admitted to the client with chest pain over 100 years ago (Metcalfe, 2011). Chest pain is a large bracket that can contain many different conditions, but for the purpose of this analysis it is focused manly upon a myocardial infarction. A myocardial infarction is mainly referred to as a heart attack, and occurs when one or more coronary arteries leading to the heart reduce or completely stop blood flow (Tuipulotu, 2013 ). Administering high concentrations of oxygen to patients with chest pain is now embedded in guidelines, protocols and care pathways, even with a lack of clear supporting evidence (Nicholson, 2004 ). High concentration of oxygen means that up to 60% is administered (Knott, 2012). More recent research has suggested that the use of oxygen in this scenario is unnecessary and can lead to unwanted side effects, especially in normoxic cardiac patients (Moradkham & Sinoway, 2010 ). The aim of this comparative analysis is to dismantle and understand both the benefits and risks of the commonly known practice of administration of oxygen to the client with chest pain. Through completing this analysis using recent and appropriate evidence a more improved practice can be given and understood.
I am comparing the information given about Heart attack (Acute myocardial infarction) on two websites Web MD and The U.S. National Library of Medicine. Web MD is aimed more to cater to the general public with limited knowledge basic, this website allows you to view information at a level at which most people regardless of their age would be able to comprehend. I do feel the information presented on this website might be a challenge for someone with limited education or who doesn’t have at least eighth grade reading skills. The secondary audience for Web MD might be a healthcare professional looking for a quick limited resource. One of the persuasive strategies use to appeal to their primary audience are pictures and content organization in
Myocardial infarction occurs when the coronary arteries are blocked by a blood clot. It is commonly known as “heart attack”. The heart needs its own constant supply of oxygen and nutrients to work properly. Two coronary arteries delivery oxygenated blood to the heart, and if one of these two arteries fail or become blocked, then a portion of the heart will not acquire the necessary oxygen. This clot could be because of CAD (coronary artery disease), which happens when the inner walls of the coronary arteries thicken because of build up of cholesterol, fatty deposit, calcium among other elements that are carried in the blood (Boston Scientific, 2009).