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Positive and negative impacts of migration
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Positive and negative impacts of migration
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Emigration from South Asia has been a dominant behavioural pattern on the subcontinent for centuries. Emigration has its origins in the Indus valley civilization whose merchants frequented other lands. Prominent movements began after the death of Buddha (563-483 B.C.), when his disciples travelled to Eastern and Central Asia to propagate his teachings. The nineteenth century brought a radical change to the character of India’s diaspora: small scale emigration became a mass movement to provide cheap labour for Britain’s colonies. Conditions of abject poverty in certain sections of India or the prospect of gaining wealth overseas motivated people to sell themselves into servitude. Since India gained her independence in 1947, emigration has continued; it has not been limited to England and the new Commonwealth, but has spread to the United States, Australia and the Middle East.
When India obtained independence in 1947, many Westerners greeted the event with scepticism. The departing British were certain that Indians would be begging them to come back and rule their country within a year. But India is one of the few countries which, having achieved independence, has maintained a relatively stable government. India is a country with diverse cultures: three major racial groups, four prominent religious communities, and many language categories. An important fact about the country’s development is that beginning with Jawaharlal Nehru and continuing under Dr. Manmohan Singh, India has embarked on an ambitious programme of industrialization. As the country has developed industrially and technology, emphasis on education has enabled India to produce highly educated and technically qualified people. However, India cannot employ them, thus m...
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...he pressures of the dominant culture; once they leave their homeland to settle in foreign lands, they begin to adopt the beliefs and behaviour of the dominant group. Assimilation of one cultural group into another may be evidenced by changes in language preference, adoption of common attitudes and values.
Works Cited
1. Naipaul, V.S., In a Free State (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1971) 52.
2. Naipaul, V.S., “One Out of Many” In a Free State (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1973) 34.
3. Ibid., 34-35.
4. Ibid., 38.
5. Quoted in Kinsley, David R. The Sword and the Flute: Kali and Querns Dark Visions of the Terrible and the Sublime on Hindu Mythology, (Berkley: UP of California 1975), 155.
6. Naipaul, V.S., The Middle Passage (Picador, 2011), 84.
7. Naipaul, V.S., The Mystic Masseur (Picador, 2001), 10-11
8. Naipaul, V.S., The Middle Passage (Picador, 2011), 87.
Though the world economy as a whole has grown in recent years, a factor that is not taken into account is that the number “of the poor in the world has increased by 100 million” (Roy 3). In other words, the gap between rich and poor is widening. For India, this has startling implications. Though it is a nation that is developing in many ways, it also is a nation blessed with over one billion citizens, a population tally that continues to grow at a rapid rate. This population increase will greatly tax resources, which can create a setback in the development process. The tragedy, of course, is that the world is full of resources and wealth. In fact, Roy quotes a statistic showing that corporations, and not even just countries, represent 51 of the 100 largest economies in the world (Roy 3). For a country struggling to develop, such information is disheartening. However, there is also a more nefarious consequence of the growing disparity between rich and poor, and power and money being concentrated in the hands of multinational corporations: war is propagated in the name of resource acquisition, and corruption can reign as multinationals seek confederates in developing countries that will help companies drive through their plans, resulting in not only environmental destruction but also the subversion of democracy (Roy 3).
Thousands of years ago, Indian society developed into a complex system based on different classes. This system was known as the Caste System. It separated Indians into different castes based on what class were born into. As thousands of years went by, this system grew larger and became further complex (Wadley 189). This system caused frustration for the Indian citizens because they were receiving inequality. Not only did the inequality and separation of the Indian society frustrate the citizens of India, but the imperialism Britain had upon them as well. In the early 20th century, Indian nationalists wanted to take a stand against the British rule and make India independent. The British created unfair laws that created a nationalist movement
276). Curtin’s Coculturation (2010) combats this hegemonic discourse by stating, “everyone is continually engaged in social and political processes of identification” (p. 283). Thus, one’s identity can consist of multiple cultures and they can in fact coincide. The idea that one group “belongs” in a particular imagined community is a myth, there is no single response or adaption. The theory of Coculturation ultimately accommodates to a more realistic approach to cultural adjustment where a newcomer can adopt some behavior of the host culture while still maintaining the conciliatory and subconscious aspects of their native
Cultural assimilation is one’s intention or nation in dominating another group or society. The pace can either be quick or gradual, depending on the community being referred to and from what history can tell, it often leads to dispute from both members of the group to a degree that it often causes war. Assimilation of the Native Americans and the Europeans during the seventeenth century are described as a cruel and a horrific period. As John M. Murrin states “the discovery of America was an evil. Never can the advantages it brought about (no matter how one considers or depicts them) compensate for the harm it has caused.” Although this may be true, the cantankerous and domineering Europeans depended on the economic, political and societal gains from the Natives. However, Europeans attempt to change the Natives beliefs on social issues such as religion and
The final factor that I will discuss is the place of residence. Kayla lives in Glendale, California and has been in the same apartment complex since she moved to the United States. The main reason for the move to Glendale was for them to be in a good neighborhood (Kayla, pg.13). She describes the city to populated by Armenians, Koreans, Mexicans, and Caucasians. This fits the classical assimilation model because they didn’t chose to migrate to a neighborhood that was similar to their culture, instead they immersed themselves with different groups.
A lot of cultures fit in to the United States dominant culture because as an assimilationist,
Assimilation means adapting to a society or culture by learning there ways of life. In this case, for the immigrants based in the United States, assimilation is the key to being accepted as an American. In the early 1960s the U.S had formed strategies that limited the amount of immigrants coming into the country; this mostly favored the Europeans from the North. Later, the Immigration and Nationality Act was approved and this allowed more Asians, Africans and Latin Americans into the U.S. this resulted to an increase in influx of both illegal and legal immigrants allowed in the country.
Acculturation and assimilation are treated as complex, multifaceted phenomena. The acceptance of new cultural traits or social associations and retention of traditional cultural traits and social associations are viewe...
According to the article “Assimilation and ethnic identity,” the author explains that there are connections between assimilation and ethnic identity. The author emphasizes that we should distinguish the forms of assimilation and how they can affect assimilation outcomes (C.N, 2014, p.2). For example, he explains the concept of behavioral assimilation. The latter happens when newcomer immigrants absorb the cultural norms of the host society, such as the language, the way of clothing, and so on. Also, the author argues that the child-parents relationship play a key role in the child’s assimilation to a certain culture (C.N, 2014,p.3). The author continues and writes that if child-parent relationship is strong and sane, the child is more likely assimilate to his parents’ culture (C.N, 2014, p.4). For instance, if the child is of Mexican parents, he will indentify himself as simply Mexican or American-Mexican. Nevertheless, if the child has problems with his patents, the child will unconsciously indentify differently from his parents, and more likely assimilate to the host country’s culture. Therefore, assimilate can lead to the person’s detachment from his or her culture of origin and embrace the culture of his or her host
One of the most important concepts that I have learned from class is Assimilation Theory. This theory is based on the adaptation that a certain ethnic group goes through in order to fit in and survive in the new dominant society. For example, according to the book the United States in known to be a predominantly white cultural society, therefore many ethnic groups from all over who choose to come to the U.S often have to assimilate and adapt to the social and cultural norms. Assimilation theory affects many ethnic groups in sense that it can change the way they behave and live in a society. Whenever another ethnic group immigrates to a place where there is a dominant ethnic group they often have to assimilate to the dominant group’s social, economic, and cultural behaviors and customs to survive. For example in the U.S, there are many minority groups from all over the globe who immigrated to this country and they often have to go through various changes and adaptations to fit into society and gain citizenship in the country. These changes can be a challenge for them because they have to choose between their own cultural values, beliefs, and behaviors and assimilate to the U.S’ cultural values and customs. In the book it states that “their cultural ancestry is English, Scottish, Dutch and German which is the Anglo-Saxon core.” Therefore, the culture that immigrants in the U.S. have to adapt to is the Anglo-Saxon culture/ “American culture.” For most minorities immigrating to the U.S, one of the major factors that affected them is language barrier. In the United States English is the dominant language, many ...
Owing to India’s diversity, these identities are determined by caste, ancestry, socioeconomic class, religion, sexual orientation and geographic location, and play an important role in determining the social position of an individual (Anne, Callahan & Kang, 2011). Within this diversity, certain identities are privileged over others, due to social hierarchies and inequalities, whose roots are more than a thousand years old. These inequalities have marginalized groups and communities which is evident from their meagre participation in politics, access to health and education services and
...an HDI of 0.36. These discrepancies in levels of development have led to an exodus of people, from less developed areas to the areas that have been benefitted by development. This situation seems to depict that predicted by the Dependency theory in which the developed countries progressed due to the exploitation of peripheral nations; the same seems to be happening in India. The states that are wealthier are exploiting the poorer states. It would be difficult to imagine India having the economic status that it now has, if it was not for the terrible working conditions and wages at which the Indians are willing to work and the massive work force available in the country. Now that India has seen economic growth the government should start taking care of its citizens by implementing policies that protect the labor rights of the workforce.
The history of tribal oppression in India is an old one. “The Sanyasi Revolt”, “The Wahabi Movement”, and “The Naxalbari Rebellion”, are evidence of the tribal outcry that appropriately foregrounds their requirement for fundamental rights as citizens of the country. Even after sixty six years of independence, India’s rural poor and tribals are lamenting under the curbing effects of destitution, unemployment, undernourishment, illiteracy and human trafficking. For these people, the notions of liberty, equality and democracy have no meaning at all. Though the country is free from the bondage of foreign rule, their repression and prejudices still continue leaving them dependent on their new masters.
V. S. Naipaul, the mouthpiece of displacement and rootlessness is one of the most significant contemporary English Novelists. Of Indian descent, born in Trinidad, and educated in England, Naipaul has been placed as a rootless nomad in the cultural world, always on a voyage to find his identity. The expatriate sensibility of Naipaul haunts him throughout his fiction and other works, he becomes spokesman of emigrants. He delineates the Indian immigrant’s dilemma, his problems and plights in a fast-changing world. In his works one can find the agony of an exile; the pangs of a man in search of meaning and identity: a dare-devil who has tried to explore myths and see through fantasies. Out of his dilemma is born a rich body of writings which has enriched diasporic literature and the English language.
The term “Diaspora” is used to refer either to singular person or ethnic population forced or induced to leave their traditional ethnic homelands being dispersed throughout other parts of the world, and the ensuing developments in their dispersal and culture. In the beginning, the term was used by the Ancient Greeks to refer to citizens of a grand city who migrated to a conquered land with the purpose of colonization to assimilate the territory into the empire. A large number of Indians migrated to Far East and South East Asia to spread Buddhism during the ancient times. The migration was a history of misery, deprivation and sorrow during the colonial period. In this century the migration was mainly due to the industrialized and