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Effects of depression on adolescence
Effects of depression on adolescence
Effects of depression on adolescence
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A Comparison of CBT, Relaxation Training and EMDR: A Study of Adolescence. Anxiety, depression and low self-esteem have several different causes. Adolescents can develop psychological trauma caused by broken families, bullying by peers, mental, physical and sexual abuse. (Bensley, Van Eenwyk, Spieker, & Schoder, 1999). These things and many more can cause an adolescent to have low self-esteem, which has been known to create emotional problems such as anxiety and depression (Kendall-Tackett, Williams, & Finkelhor, 1993). It can prove problematic to research large groups of adolescents. Many adolescent problems are not addressed until there are legal issues from environmental issues and/or poor behavior, having developed coping mechanisms that are not healthy, adolescents can be hard to reach in therapy (Steinberg, 2009). If we recognize early warning signs, it may be possible to alter these coping mechanisms and provide them with better tools. Relaxation Training, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) are some of the tools used to decrease depression and anxiety and increase self-esteem. Relaxation Training is based on progressive muscle relaxation, a systematic technique for achieving a deep state of relaxation. Dr. Edmund Jacobson developed this technique in 1934. (McCallie, M., Blum, S., Hood, & C. M. Charlaine J., 2006) He discovered that a muscle could be relaxed by first tensing it for a few seconds and then releasing it. The idea is to do this in succession for sixteen different muscle groups of the body. Do not tense so hard that you strain. Tense muscle group for about ten seconds and then let go of the tension giving about fifteen to twenty seconds to relax. Notice ... ... middle of paper ... ...deo games, sports, school and various other activities. Wanders et al. (2008) used relaxation techniques research to treat depression and anxiety. These techniques can be applied in most instances, where time is permitting, and can be used as lifelong tools as initial anxiety tools. Addressing ones self-esteem appears to help with emotional issues such as depression and anxiety (Wanders et al., 2008). Although EMDR has been used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for many patients (e.g. Bisson et al., 2007), recent studies show it can also help children with behavioral problems (Soberman, Greenwald, & Rule, 2002). In another study the differences between the treatment effectiveness for EMDR were small, the children who originally received EMDR showed significantly larger changes in target behaviors than those in the CBT group (Wanders et al., 2008).
Within psychology adolescence is described as a period of transition from childhood to adulthood. It is a period between year twelve and late teens, when the physical growth is complete, the person becomes sexually mature and establishes identity (Nolen-Hoeksema, Friedricson, Loftus & Wagenaar, 2009). During this period of development, the individual has to face several risk factors, which are considered as a hazard on normal psychological development of an individual (Colman, 2009). This means,
Psychological Reasons of Depression A Review of the Literature In the early times, depression was called as melancholia. According to the American Psychiatric Association, there was no definition of depression back in the 18th century, not even in The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), until 1880. Humans are not robots, we have emotions. Sometimes we feel sad or blues for a short-period of time and it is normal. However, people who have depression, may suffer from it for
Adolescence is the period of life when an individual enters as a child, and then goes through major developmental changes into becoming an adult. The adolescent age ranges from 12 to 18 years old, also known as grades 6 thru 12 in middle and high school. Adolescents begin to see huge differences in their cognitive and physical development leading to puberty and maturity. During this stage, self-esteem will start to take effect into what and how an individual identifies themselves as person. Self-esteem
What is Self-Esteem... Self-esteem has recently been defined by Silverstone as "the sense of contentment and self-acceptance that stems from a person's appraisal of their own worth, significance, attractiveness, competence and ability to satisfy their aspirations" (Silverstone 1992). Self-esteem is the degree to which a person values and respects themselves, and is proud of their accomplishments. Self-esteem begins to develop in childhood, but it solidifies and gains momentum during the turbulent
adulthood have their roots in adolescence . For example , tobacco use , sexually transmitted infections including HIV , poor eating and exercise habits , lead to illness or premature death later in life (WHO, 2011). Adolescence is a distinct stage
The stage of adolescence contains major changes which can bring stress, confusion, and anxiety. Feelings of self-consciousness, low self esteem and comparison with peers start occurring during this time. Along with the physical changes there is also hormonal and brain changes that affect the adolescent physically, mentally, emotionally, and psychologically. During this time a person can feel tremendous pressure to find their place in the world among a great deal of confusion (“Eating Disorders
The Effects of Low Self Esteem on Children What is Low self-esteem? In most cases, children with low self-esteem feel that the important adults and peers in their lives do not accept them, do not care about them very much, and would not go out of their way to ensure their safety and well-being. Negative self-esteem is related to low self-confidence, insecurity, underachievement, anxiety, depression, acting-out behavior, sleep problems and being a loner (Yarnell, 1999). During their early years
the relationship between self-esteem and external behavior. Most people feel that self-esteem is important. It is difficult, if not impossible, for people to remain indifferent to information that bears on their own self-esteem, such as being told that they are incompetent, attractive, untrustworthy, or lovable. In-creases and decreases in self-esteem generally bring strong emotional reactions (Baumeister, Campbell, Krueger & Vohs., 2003). Multiple studies state self-esteem has a significant effect
psychology, the term self-esteem is used to describe a person's overall sense of self-worth or personal value. Self-esteem is often seen as a personality trait, which means that it has the need to be stable and enduring. Self-esteem can involve a variety of idea about the self, such as the appraisal of one's own appearance, beliefs, emotions and behaviors. The need for self-esteem plays an important role in psychologist Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs (1970), depicting self-esteem as one of the basic
Americans that were diagnosed with a mental illness have admitted to substance abuse during adolescence. Substance abuse weakens the teenage brain and allows the brain to become open to mental illnesses. There is a variety of drugs in arms reach of teenagers that could potentially cause harm to their brain in adulthood. Several studies have shown that there is a link between drug abuse and mental illness. Adolescence is a time of change. A teenagers’ bodies are constantly developing and changing and so
According to Erikson adolescence is an age of struggle to gain a positive role identity (Erikson, 1963; Gross, 1987; Rasmussen, 1964). Being an adolescent can be very difficult and stressful at times; not only for parents but also for individuals, because it is during this stage where ones self-esteem begins to deteriorate. Individuals begin to compare their grades, their appearances to their friends and to their favorite celebrities. Self-esteem remains to be one of the most commonly researched
behavioral decisions. Adolescence is a prime time for brain development/growth and based on what someone has been through that development can be stunted. Santrock (2016) expresses how adolescence quality of life decreases because there is such a dramatic change going on with their bodies and mind including: puberty, body image, increased responsibility, hormone fluctuations, and many other factors. Psychopathology is the scientific study of mental disorders. There are many studies out there about all
teens are suffering from depression, low self esteem, and suicide/suicidal thoughts everyday. First, Children who are ostracized by their peers and bullied often become depressed, but new research suggests that the relationship may work the other way around as well. For example, Children’s depressive symptoms during childhood may cause some kids and teens trouble focusing in school, their health deteriorating, and good decision making (Healthy Children). In fact, a study published in 2007 by the
differences from their parents and each other tolerated and encouraged.”, this is Anthony Storr opinion about parenting. Compared to early childhood, during adolescence there are greater chances that parents will worry more because the problems are bigger. Parents who tend to overprotect their children cause them to grow dependant, have low self esteem, and have relationship issues. Therefore, parents and children should have more meaningful communications and healthy parenting boundaries should be reinforced
concentrates the reParents play the most important role in the development of children from his childhood to adolescence. The emotional relationship between the parents and adolescence shape their personality and also have strong impact on mental and physical development. Positive parenting like emotional warmth, involvement with the activities of the adolescents, and consistency have a strong impact on their development and growth (Karavasilis, Doyle, & Markiewicz, 2003). Children who remain under