Introduction:
Jews have a long history in a world which is being considered one of the ancient holy religions in the world. However, Jews became one of most people who suffer from discrimination and hate among other religious. Many Jews lose their identity and cultural because of the lock of the Jewish nationalism. On the other hand, Palestine is an consider to be very valuable in a religious aspect to Arabs Muslims. The Jew is believed that by creating a state for Jews could solve their problem and unite them under one nationalism and identity that the main ideology of Zionism movement and to establish a new state to Jewish. Therefore, The establishment of Jewish problem state has helped to solve Jews problems that they have suffered from losing identity as Haam believed and unified Jews under on the state which is Isere’s.However, creating Jews state has a high disadvantage in the Arabs region because of a merge conflict between Jews and Arabs in the Middle East region especially in Palestine. In this research paper will focusing on the problem that emerge by establishing Isere’s state and how that impact of Palestine refugee problem and their right to return.
Define of the Jewish problem:
In general prospective Jewish problem is considered to rebuild their identity and nationalism as Leo Pinsker who is a Jewish intellectual in Russia. He believes that Jews will not expect in European as part of them.Therefore, Jewish only option for freedom of the high movement against being by creating their Jewish homeland with only Jews citizen and excluded the other ethnic group (Pinsker 1882). This” Jewish problem” can define as Leo Pinsker that Jews need their own state to protect them from another state whom discrimination and hated to throw them. According to Pinsker that Judeophobia is a term that develop to become anti-Semitism that express hater against Jewish people that lead to many of state government declare war massacres in Jewish history for instance genocide of Spanish Jews in 139 (Pinsker 1882).
Jewish problem defines as Ahad Ha'am, who consider to be an early thinker of Zionist and founder of cultural Zionism which mean is that Jew identity considers being by languages and historical heritages. Moreover , Ha'am his own theory of so-called "cultural Zionism", which aims to send or update Jewish culture traditional so it can co-exist with the modern era, and could be accomplished within the framework of the national centralization .
Late into the 19th century, Zionism (a biblical name for Jerusalem) started to rise when Theodor Herzl published an article that concluded Jewish assimilation and emancipation could not work in Europe. It was this that started plans for the creation of a Jewish statehood. During this time, the population of Jews were spread out across different countries, and in each of these countries, they had represented a minority. Throughout this period, they had longed for a state in which they called Eretz Israel, the land of Israel. Herzl’s proposed solution was for the revival of a Jewish homeland where they could set up a state belonging to themselves. Following his publishings, the First Zionist Congress was held in Switzerland. The program state that “The aim of Zionism is to create for the Jewish people a homeland in Palestine secure by public law”. Much of the Jewish community at this point held mixed views about this movement but it was this time period of the late 19th ce...
The ideas of David, Reuven and other reform Jews sparked new interest in the notion of a Hebrew state in Palestine. Zionism was an idea with a long history, but it starts to involve the characters of The Chosen and picks up intensity after the Holocaust.
The Jewish State was a book written by Herzl in 1895, which gave reasons for the Jewish population to move from Europe to either Argentina or Israel and make a new Jewish state of their own. Herzl thought the Jewish people had obtained a solid national identity but lacked a nation with a political system of their own. With their own Jewish State, the Jews could be free to practice their religion and culture without the fear of anti-Semitism. In The Jewish State he wrote. Herzl suggested a plan for political action in which they would acquire the Jewish State. He believed Jews trying to assimilate into European society were wasting their time, because the majority would always decide their role in society. As the anti-Semitism in Europe grew, it became clear that the only way to solve the Jewish problem would be to create their own Jewish sta...
Zionism is a political organization that dated back in the Jewish and Judaism history; however, after 1897, Theodor Herzl is said to have redefined it the political Zionism, hence he is referred by historians as the father of political Zionism. From 1870 to 1897, the Hovevei Zion are said to have created the original 20 Jewish settlement in Palestine. Prior to the incident of the Holocaust, political Zionism main objective was to create a Jewish National Home along with a cultural center within Palestine, this was to assist in Jewish Migration; however, following the Holocaust, it changed its goals into formation of a Jewish State, with this objective being realized through the formation of Israel in 1948.
On November 29, 1947, the United Nations voted for a partition resolution that led to the establishment of the nation of Israel in May, 1948. This was great news for Jews in Palestine and the diaspora as it meant the fulfillment of the quest for the rebirth of their nation in their previous homeland after many years of wandering (Pappe, 2006, p. 12). However, their Palestinian Arab counterparts opposed to the establishment from the start felt cheated by the international community and remained categorical that the final answer to the Jewish problem would only be solved in blood and fire (Karsh, 2002, p. 8).
Theodor Herzl is often referred to today as the Father of Zionism, a man known for his role in the establishment of a homeland for the Jewish people. His most famous pamphlet, The Jewish State, inspired thousands of Jewish men and women from across the world, although particularly in Europe, to leave their homes to realize the glory of creating their own homeland in Palestine. While Herzl was originally a believer in the gradual assimilation of German and Austrian Jews into the European cultural world, the growing anti-Semitism within Europe led him to believe that the only solution to Jewish ostracism was the creation of a separate state for Jews in Palestine. Although Theodor Herzl became, over the course of his lifetime, a man who held a crucial role in the creation of a state that Jews across the world could take pride in and refuge from the prejudice they faced throughout the European world, he was never truly a believer in the traditions of Judaism and was primarily concerned with the necessity for the “reformation” of the Jewish culture instead of the founding of a prejudice-free environment.
The transition of Jews through history is one, which is complex and took place over a long period. There are many factors, which contributed to the change of the status of Jews within their world and changes in their status as well; these changes affected the religious and cultural values of European Jews, which lead to an alteration in their own perception, as well as the surrounding populace. There are several opinions as to how non- Jews perceive the issues that led to Emancipation of Jewish people. Prior to the period of Emancipation there were three main characteristics which defined the traditional Jewish communities of Europe. These three aspects are community, autonomy and torah (religion). In relation to Torah, there is a common yearning to return to their homeland in Eretz Yisrael. As it is known from the Greek era, the purpose of a state or community was to glorify one's own religion and as a result, Jews could not be members of a Christian state. Therefore, they had no choice but to form their own communities within the larger Christian State. A Jew is a member of the Jewish nation and people and religion is what defined your life and place in society. Virtually everything revolved around the community; decisions were made with the impact of the community in mind. An essential aspect of this community was the conceptions of ghettos; Jews lived, worked, and played in these ghettos. These ghettos kept the Jewish community contained, and also provided a sense of separatism from outside influences. "The point can also be made that separation was in fact a contributing factor to healthy relations (between Jews and non- Jews)" with their concern for l...
Since the inception of an Israeli nation-state in 1948, violence and conflict has played a major role in Israel’s brief history. In the Sixty-One year’s Israel has been a recognized nation-state, they have fought in 6 interstate wars, 2 civil wars, and over 144 dyadic militarized interstate disputes (MIDs) with some display of military force against other states (Maoz 5). Israel has been involved in constant conflict throughout the past half century. Israel’s tension against other states within the Middle East has spurred vast economic, social, and political unity that has fostered a sense of nationalism and unity in Israel not seen in most other states. Over the next several pages I will try and dissect the reasons for why the nation state of Israel has been emerged in constant conflict and how this conflict has helped foster national unity and identity among the people of Israel.
It all started almost 80 years ago and the history of it will never be forgotten. The Holocaust was the mass murder of approximately six million Jews that took place during World War II. There were nine million Jews who lived in Europe before the Holocaust, that means approximately two-thirds of them were killed. There were over one million Jewish children that were killed in the Holocaust, and there were almost two million Jewish women and three million Jewish men were also killed in the Holocaust. The Holocaust was controlled by a man named Adolf Hitler and his army of men who helped him. They were called the National Socialist German Workers, also known as “The Nazi Party” for short.
...ment of the Israeli culture with religious Jewishness. Because of the diversity in the different religiosity categories’ exigencies from the social order, one may speak in this respect of the Israeli society as an example of conflictual multiculturalism. This notion designates this kind of multiculturalism where the dominant culture conditions the insertion of groups on their acceptance of exigencies which, in given respects, contradict their own self-perceptions. Religiosity in Israel is bound to multi-sided conflicts, which is conjunctively articulated through a continuum of approaches. This religious convictions stand behind the stage explains the sharpness that conflictedness may eventually take on. Yet, as we have seen, in this case, religiosity does not divide this society dichotomously and actors remain bound by common references, albeit unevenly.
Herzl and his supporters believe the Jewish civilization in the Diaspora is now condemned either to disappear or to be assimilated, and that an urgent solution is required. In the years previous to 1897, Jewish identity survived unscathed thanks to its unshakable religious beliefs and to Jewry isolation from competing narratives, kept at bay by the thick walls of the ghetto. But now it's being menaced by secularization and emancipation. More alarmingly, a new wave of anti-Semitism is rising in eastern Europe and driving hundreds to migrate so as to escape discrimination. Herzl Zionists can`t possibly see what impending horrors await in the first half of the twentieth century but they are certain the only way to save Jewish civilization from extinction is for it to settle again in its ancient homeland, now Palestine.
The Holocaust was a sad period in our history where the corrupt moral code of a nation took the lives of Six million people. Germany under rule of Hitler’s Nazi party killed and incapacitated anyone who didn’t fit into the Nazi’s idea of an ideal society. Hitler inherited a decrepit nation; in the 1920s Germany was plunged into a depression, which left many citizens unemployed, hungry and homeless. Living in conditions of hopeless poverty the country was overwhelmingly starving for economical and social reform. Just as they thought their prayers for a new leader weren’t heard; Hitler emerged inspiring and charming the beaten down people of Germany with nationalism, giving them a new found since of unity. The nation of Germany so
The Jewish people have been in exile for thousands of years. When Jews speak fondly of “Eretz Israel,” the Land of Israel, they are not referring to the contemporary political borders of the state of Israel, but rather nostalgically to the hallowed place of their origin, which is more or less located within the same geography. It is from Eretz Israel that the Temple was destroyed and the Jewish people were expelled by the Babylonians in the 6th century BCE, never to reclaim their homeland. The State of Israel, and its backing concept of Zionism, the idea that Jewish people require a national homeland, are actually products of nineteenth century Enlightenment ideas of utopia, coupled with the Cold War politics of the major world powers. Great Britain was preeminent among the influential powers in the creation of the State of Israel. The influence of this major power began as an ideologically and morally empathetic helping hand and degenerated into a complicated and violent political faux pas. The key events in the history of Great Britain and Zionism, leading to the establishment of the nation of Israel, are the founding of Zionism by Theodor Herzl in 1986-7 and the 1917 Balfour Declaration. Later, the British make a curtain call with their role in the Battle of Jaffa in the 1948 War for Israeli Independence, and their final withdrawal from the Mandate of Palestine in 1976. This paper will not only touch upon these moments as key to understanding the history of England’s complex entanglement with Zionism and the creation of a Jewish homeland, but it will also unpack the philosophical concept of Zionism versus the political manifestation of the concept.
Despite the fact that Judaism overall is thought of as one integral faith, it is actually made up of a few denominations that include Reform Judaism, Orthodox Judaism, and Conservative Judaism. These denominations have formed over time due to the fact that, like many other religious followings, Judaism over time has been through many challenges and tribulations that have cause it to both lose and gain followers. One of those challenges for the Judaism faith includes the Hasidic movement of the 18th century. Throughout this paper, I will be discussing the Hasidic movement and how it related to the development of the denominations of Judaism that include: Reform Judaism, Orthodox Judaism, and Conservative Judaism.
“There is no such thing as a Palestinian.” Stated former Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir after three fourths of one million Palestinians had been made refugees, over five hundred towns and cities had been obliterated, and a new regional map was drawn. Every vestige of the Palestinian culture was to be erased. Resolution 181, adopted in 1947 by the United Nations declared the end of British rule over Palestine (the region between the eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River) and it divided the area into two parts; a state for the Jewish and one for the Arab people, Palestine. While Israel was given statehood, Palestine was not. Since 1947, one of the most controversial issues in the Middle East, and of course the world, is the question of a Palestinian state. Because of what seems a simple question, there have been regional wars among Israel, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq, terrorist attacks that happen, sometimes daily, displacement of families from their homes, and growing numbers of people living in poverty. Granting Palestinian statehood would significantly reduce, or alleviate, tensions in the Middle East by defining, once and for all, the area that should be Palestine and eliminating the bloodshed and battles that has been going on for many years over this land.