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most important events , people, and terms for the sudanese civil war.
the genocide of darfur research paper
the genocide of darfur research paper
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The conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan killed over 400,000 people, as much as 20 percent of the regional population. The region of Darfur is located on the West side of Sudan. (Ali) The size of the region is around the size of France. (council) The population is around 6,165,000 people. 75% of the people in Darfur are farmers and the other 25% are nomads and these people of Darfur are all Muslim (Ali) . Darfur is a non-Arab population. Sudan is the third largest country in Africa; the country covers 8% of Africa’s continent. The population of Sudan is to be estimated to be around 41 million. The country has a mixed population; it is mixed within four groups, divided by religion, ethnicity, tribal differences and economic disparities. Sudan has a natural resource which is oil which was discovered in 1978, the oil is found in the South. (History)
After Sudan gained independence from Britain on the 1st January 1956, the country has been at war more than it has been at peace with other neighbouring countries. (Team) Since 1970 Sudan was fighting against the Islamic central government in the North and the Christian and Animist population of the South. This was called the 1st civil war of Sudan. War began again in the early 1980’s because Khartoum the capital of Sudan enforced the Sharia (the Islamic law) over the country and its official language became Arabic. Sudanese People's Liberation Army (SPLA) wanted Sudan to become a multi-ethnic, multi-cultural, multi-religious state. The war went on for the next few years. (History) Darfur was and still is a dominant Black African state. The state has never been treated the same as the rest of the country because of the colour of the people. The rest of the country thinks that they can...
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..., crimes my government has concluded are genocide” The United Nations General Assembly, President George Bush promised that he would do everything to stop the genocide going on in Sudan. But after three years, the genocide had continued. The United Nations General Assembly declared that President George Bush had not kept his promise. (Stand)
The African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS) is an African Union (AU) operating from the western part of Darfur. This organisation was created to keep peace between Sudanese government and Darfur. The African Union Mission in Sudan was founded in 2004, and there were around 150 troops. By 2005 the organisation had gown, so in total there were around 7,000 troops. The African Union Mission in Sudan was the only organisation based in Darfur, but the people were not strong enough to stop the conflict between Sudan and the government.
The Darfur case however, revealed that both of these strategies are not effective. Responding to the genocide in Darfur, the US officials declared the label genocide to be occurring. Thereafter, a politically civil-society coalition emerged so as to lobby the administration. The net outcome of these two scenarios however was the same in the absence of effective policies that could halt the genocide. The Rwandan genocide has always acted as the point of reference for similar genocides taking place around the world. Since the 2003 crisis in Darfur, a lot of comparisons have been made to Rwandan genocide. Observers have likened the Darfur genocide to what happened in Rwanda and of course giving it two connotations. First, the violence in the western parts of Sudan has been referred to another Rwanda, by basing their arguments on the nature of the violence. Since whatever was happening in Darfur is similar t...
As of February 2003 more than four-hundred thousand Darfuri citizens have been found slaughtered on the side of the streets of their home town. Prior to 2003, Darfur, Sudan has a population of six million people. In 2003, two rebel groups came to the conclusion of the government’s neglect in decision to rise against the government of Sudan. As a result, the Sudanese government unleashed the forces of Arab militias (also known as the Janjaweed). With blood on their hands, the Janjaweed have been the accused for the misplacing of many villages and people. As the war seems to expand, the Sudanese government seems to oppose any association with the Janjaweed. In spite of continuing a limited amount of humanitarian aid, many are still in contact with dreadful food shortages and disease. The U.N. (United Nations) has ventured in sending humanitarian aid repeatedly, but the Janjaweed have reused all help. Despite the ignorance of the Janjaweed, the U.N. is in the process of securing the comfort of all Darfur citizens, and not only for the foreigners, but for the road that lies ahead of Sudan as well (Reeves).
After the withdraw of Egypt and Britain, Sudan has been run by a number rickety / unstable government groups and milit...
Not everybody believes in genocides, other may have a different opinion or thoughts. Sometimes people don’t realize its genocide because they believe in what they are doing and they think there is no harm done because it’s not affecting them. To be taken away from your family, to go live somewhere else or to be killed can have a huge impact on your life. Genocides play a huge role in the world; it has and will affect many people. In Darfur there is a genocide going on, it has been going on for a few decades now. Genocide is the mass killing of a race. The people of Darfur and the Government of Sudan didn’t really get along. The Government wanted to do oil exploration where the citizens lived. There was and still is a lot of tension between the government of Sudan and the people of Darfur. (Sudan Backgrounder, United to End Genocide) This genocide didn’t make much since to me at first, because I didn’t know why the people of Darfur didn’t leave. Not everybody believes in genocides, other may have a different opinion
...nge the Horn of Africa and The United States to work toward a promise by looking for ways to stop and prevent violence against groups based on religion, race, ethnicity or nationality. Bottom line the U.S. will continue to play a role in the Conflict of Darfur, President Obama is currently urging a “softer approach”, and the US is expected to unveil a policy to resolve conflict in Sudan. Many critics say it won’t resolve anything and truthfully only time will tell. My only question of concern is what part will Libya and Egypt have in the Darfur conflict? It should be very interesting given the recent actions taking by Libya.
The atrocities in Darfur are being conducted by an assembly of government funded and heavily armed militants who are known as the Janjaweed. These groups of Arab radicals destroy the people of Darfur by pillaging and burning their villages, robbing them of their economic assets, contaminating their water supplies by dumping dead bodies into the wells, slaughtering, raping, and tormenting them. The attacks on the villages range from a variety of approaches but the most typical start with bombings from the Sudanese Air Force, followed by the raids of the Janjaweed. A recent estimate by UNICEF has the death toll in Darfur at an astonishing 300,000. Out of the total population of 6.2 million people, 4.7 million are affected by the conflict. Half of the directly affected people are children; of these children, almost 700,000 have lived their entire life knowing nothing more than the violent lifestyle that has overtaken the region (Sudan: Darfur Overview).
In conclusion, the events that occurred in Sudan from 2003-2011 can be defined as genocide due the evidence of rape, murders of ethnic groups and destruction of their livelihood to deliberately inflict on a their condition of life calculated to bring apart their physical destruction. However, if the Sudanese government didn’t organize and arm the Janjaweed militia to destroy the non-Arabs of Sudan, then the mass killings would be defined as civil war. The international community Is also to be blamed for not getting involved in the events leading up to the genocide as well as not doing as much as they could to stop the mass killings before they got to the extent that they did. Hundreds of thousand killed, millions displaced and/or affected either directly or indirectly, in a world that said “ Never Again”.
The conflict in Darfur was caused by a rebellion. The people of Darfur felt neglected and took up arms against the government in an effort to gain more recognition. The most disturbing part of this story might just be how extreme the government’s reaction to this rebellion was. This act of rebellion
Throughout Northern and Central Africa ethnic fighting and mass genocide has run rampant. Clashes between, diverse ethnic and cultural people has caused instability, these mass humanitarian disasters that can no longer be ignored. With the help of other nations South Sudan can go from another mass genocide waiting to happen, to a region supplier of much needed resources, with the help of other nations. In the 1990’s Rwanda genocide was basically ignored by the United States government and because of this hundreds of thousands were either killed or injured in the area. In the early 2000’s the war in Darfur, created a campaign of ethnic cleansing against Darfur's non-Arabs. Again thousands of Africans were killed and the United States government and the American people ignored genocide.
Civil wars have occurred throughout the world since its earliest days and continue to occur even today. These wars often pose many threats to a country such as economical degradation and negative effects on people such as displacement, death, and a loss of cultural identity. Although many countries fell to civil war early in their histories, Sudan avoided falling to civil war until after its independence in 1956. However, when the Second Sudanese Civil War erupted in Sudan, it came with a plethora of negative effects on both the countries economy and the citizens of Sudan.
The Republic of South Sudan is a landlocked country in northeast Africa. After multiple internal conflicts in Sudan, it gained its independence in 2011 following a referendum in the region controlled by the Autonomous Government of Southern Sud...
South Sudan’s battle for independence stems back from the era of British Imperialism. Fighting to remain and gain their independence since the late 1800’s, Sudan finally became fully independent in 1956, freeing itself from combined Egyptian-British rule. A poorly assembled constitution began the long history of violence that continues to define Sudan and South Sudan today. The constitution ignored several essential issues that divided the country. The first issue being the state religion; whether Sudan would be and Islamic state or if it would remain secular. With the northern part of Sudan being comprised mostly of Muslims and the south being predominantly Christians and animists, this division quickly erupted into the first of 2 major civil wars. Between 1955 and 1972, southern fighters, called the Anya Nya, clashed with the mostly the Arab-led government over southern autonomy. Gaining control over a large portion of southern Sudan by 1960 and merging forces with the Southern Sudan Liberation Movement by 1971, the government of Sudan and the SSLM signed the Addis Ababa Agreement, giving southern Sudan greatly increased autonomy. The agreement also said that the Abyei region, which is on the boarder of the north and south, was allowed to vote which region it would be a part of.
This killing began in 2003, and is still going on today, being considered the first genocide in the 21st century. The genocide is being persuaded by government-armed Arab militias called the Janjaweed, ‘devils oh horseback’. These groups of people destroy darfurians by burning their homes, polluting their water system and murdering, raping and torturing them. The militias are are enemies with the main rebel groups, “Sudanese lineation movement” and the: justice and equality movement. In 1956, Sudan gains its independence from Britain , Sudan got involved in two civil wars for the remainder of the 20th century. These conflicts started with the northern economic, political and social domination of non- Muslim, and non-Arab southern Sudanese. There was much competition for scarce resources, in fact, this played a large role. Nomads began to compete for grazing land, due to this, traditional reconciliation were no longer helpful enough to settle disputes. This caused the region to become militarized. In 1980s there was a rise of regional tension due to desertification and the civil war. In western Sudan, oil was being discovered and therefore, the Sudanese government and the international contributors became interested in lands in Darfur. There were two civil wars, the first ended in 1972 but broke out again in 1983. The second war resulted in more than 4 million people being “misplaced” and over more than 2 million deaths in the period of two decades. When the civil war between north and south reached its peak, around the 1990s, the government decided to ignore the signs of rising violence in Darfur. in addition to the comprehensive peace agreements’ failure to take into account the effects of the civil war in Darfur, it remained underdeveloped and marginalized a the federal level. The government was preparing Arab tribesmen assault non- Arab villages. The Arabs decided to
South Sudan, officially The Republic of South Sudan country created by spliting Sudan, as the world’s newest and youngest country, where it's said to be there's more than 50 etnic groups alongside with almost 90 local languages, was created, or announced as an independent state on the 9th of July 2011, while a referendum passed with over 98% population being for its independence . The population is about 12,340,000 inhabitans.Diversions and distinctions of etnicity, languages, different religions, social classes, rural ways of life divided the society into variable gender relationships even within same groups. Most of people living in South Sudan are surprisingly Christians, but there are also Muslims and many South Sudanese people practice traditional animist beliefs. State is a Federal presidential republic with a leader/president Salva Kiir Mayardit.
... and trying to make them cooperate was the biggest flaw of the British colonialism. Then when that didn’t work out, the British developed the North far more than the South, thus creating resentment in the South. With the end of colonialism the British left a nation that was unstable politically and culturally. The region, culture, language, and historical differences between the South and North leads to two civil wars for independence. Which further leads into an ethnic conflict in South Sudan. If no action is taken to bring peace between the two. There is a threat of those ethnicity fighting over resources, which could then potentially lead into a territorial conflict. And if South Sudan further divides there could be a possibility of a power vacuum happening, creating more chaos. All it takes is a single spark to trigger a series of unfortunate events.