A Review of Inhibiting Polyphenol Oxidase Activity in Apples Introduction: Many people have probably heard the expression, “an apple a day keeps the doctor away”. With an expression such as that, suppliers should have a hard time keeping apples in stock due to the influx of sales. However, according to agricultural resource marketing center, “the consumption of fresh market apples in 2012 accounted for 16 pounds” (www.agmrc.org). Some may say this is due to the fact of the presence of an apple after it has been cut or bitten into. Apples undergo an enzymatic or oxidative activity that causes browning when bruising, slicing, or even biting into an apple occurs. When shopping at a grocery store, most consumers pick apples that appeal to them. The apples that appeal to them would be ones that are without bruises since they happen to look more fresh. Perhaps if we could lessen or get rid of this activity causing the browning, apple sales would increase. ‘Anti-browning agents such as ascorbic acid is used widely in the industry but only prolongs shelf life another three to seven days’ (www.fruitandvegetable.ucdavis.edu). One company, Okanagan Specialty Fruits, is taking a step further and …show more content…
The second advantage of RNAi is its ability to accomplish gene knockdown efficiently considering it is able to target many genes that are complementary to RNAi. With that being said, a major disadvantage of RNAi is that it is only a gene knockdown. It silences the gene but does not completely knock out the gene otherwise known as a gene knockout. Futhermore, according to genengnews.com, “Researchers have demonstrated the RNAi sequences do not only bind to one target” (www.genengnews.com). In other words, it may target erratically or unaimed genes. With that being said, RNAi could be dangerous and
apples and pears and peaches were very fresh- and very deadly, their insides injected with
In today’s world Global Corporate Social Responsibility is a pressing Topic. In most cases a collaboration between a buyer and a seller or supplier must collaborate and participate in the makeup of Corporate Social Responsibilities. According to the Business Dictionary Ethics are the proper Business Policies and practices regarding potentially controversial issues such as corporate governance insider trading, bribery, discrimination, corporate and social responsibility.
It will then inform the reader of the effects it will have on our society. Diseases like cancer, AIDS, cardiovascular disease, cystic fibrosis and Alzheimer’s could potentially be cured (American Medical Association). However, serious risks can be associated with gene therapy. If a gene is added to the DNA, there is a possibility it may be inserted in the wrong place, which can lead to other harmful effects (Gene Therapy and Children). However, it also has the ability to positively affect patients lives.
In today 's era, there are a lot of companies that provide services all around the world that benefit everyone. Some of those companies provide only internet, while others provide that and/or the device used with the internet. One of the most popular companies that exists as of today is the Apple Company. The Apple Company was founded back in 1976 and its main thing was to create and produce computers and other electronics such as music players, cellular phones, and other merchandises. But the company became quite known, and as of today, it sells from just phone cases to televisions.
Apple Inc. went from rags to riches in becoming the largest company in the world by market cap and making $108 billion in 2011 (Heather). Apple Inc. was an underdog and Microsoft was ruling the technology world. Then Apple made the iPod and the iPhone and with that they took over the technology world. Apple sold one million iPhones in the first three months of releasing of the first iPhone in 2007 (Heather). Since the beginning of Apple, Apple’s
Apple Inc. is a worldwide company that is one of the most valuable brands to ever be founded. As of today, the company is worth a staggering $786 billion! The reasons behind this giant company’s success is through their products that they sell. All their products are very well made and the customer loyalty is very stable. Apple was founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak in 1976. They incorporated the company in 1977. For more than three decades, Apple was predominantly a company that sold personal computers including the Apple II, Macintosh, and the Power Mac. Steve Jobs was fired from the company in 1985 because of the poor sales and low market share that the company was facing. During that time, Apple started to be more of the innovators. Because Apple was starting to make enough money to start acquiring smaller companies that benefited the company, Steve Jobs’
...s of gene therapy is that the mortality rate is very high. This is because Immune system may attack cells and cells may attack vital organs. Furthermore, ethical issues should be dealt in a positive way. The technological institute has to reduce the unnecessary expenses of the treatment. I highly suggest the government investing more money on the development of gene therapy.
In 1976 college dropouts Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, assisted by Ron Wayne embarked on a path to start a tech company that would create new innovative products by connecting people all over the world. This company came to be known as Apple Computers which has become a global leader in Technology and cultural innovation. The rise of Apple computers did not come easy and along with the major success obtained their failures have not gone without notice. Yet, through the joy of success and the agony of defeat, Apple has continued to reinvent its brand over four decades.
General dangers of the techniques of gene therapy are a large concern. One problem is that the new gene may be inserted in the wrong location in the DNA. Experiments with rats showed this could cause cancer or other damage. In addition, when DNA is directly injected into a tumor there is a chance that the DNA could be introduced by mistake into reproductive cells, producing changes in offspring. The consequences of this are discussed in more detail later on. Another disturbing thing to think about when pondering the safety of gene therapy is the fact that once gene therapy has taken effect it cannot be stopped and is irreversible. It is not like drugs, the genes cannot be stopped from multiplying.
When this happens the cell tries to repair the cut but the repair process is error prone leading to mutations that can disable the gene allowing the researchers to understand its function. These mutations are random but sometimes the researchers need to be more precise for example by replacing a mutant gene with a healthy copy. This can be done by adding another piece of DNA that carries the desired sequence. Once the CRISPR system has made the cut, this DNA template can pair up with the cut ends recombining and replacing the original sequence with the new version. All this can be done in cultured cells including stem cells that can give rise to many different cell types. It can also be done in a fertilized egg allowing the creation of transgenic animals with targeted mutations. A major advantage of CRISPR is that, it can be used to target many genes at once. It is a big advantage for studying complex human diseases that are caused not by a single mutation but by many genes acting together. These methods are being improved rapidly and will have many applications in basic research in drug development, in agriculture and perhaps for eventually treating human patients with genetic
In summary, gene therapy clearly has benefits if it successfully treats diseases and allows people to lead normal and productive lives. There are still some problems associated with gene therapy but hopefully research can overcome these problems and make gene therapy more reliable and cheaper.
Today, Apple keeps coming out on top with their exceptional and award winning items and administrations. Apple is additionally credited with driving the advanced media upheaval with their iPod compact music and feature players and iTunes online media store, making the first supportable music-downloading plan of action ever. (Jakab,
Everyone knows Android and Apple have been rivals for years now. Each company has been developing new software and technology each year to prove who’s worthy of the #1 title. They have been competing with each other messenger, price difference, app store, product line, restrictions, and even marketing strategies. In 2012, Samsung, an Android represent, was forced to pay Apple $548.2 million for copyright infringement. This gives society a general idea of the rivalry between the two companies. I personally, along with many other consumers prefer Apple products due to its reliance and simplicity in design of software, iOS.
Gene therapy enables patients to survive incurable diseases. In the field of genetic diseases, ADA-SCID, CGD and hemophilia are three main ones. ADA-SCID is known as the bubble boy disease. CGD is related to immune system that would lead to fungal infections which are fatal. Patients with Hemophilia are not able to induce bold bleeding (Gene therapy for diseases, 2011). Gene therapy also has good effects on cancer treatment and neurodegenerative diseases, which include Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease. Viral infections, including influenza, HIV and hepatitis can also be treats by it (Gene therapy for diseases, 2011). According to the Science Daily in 2011, gene therapy now can apply to heart failures and neurologic diseases as well.
Success is the result of very long travel to objective but in right drection and right speed. Every successful person or entity knows how much effort is required and sometimes a minor slip can throw you miles away but that would be a big tragedy. However here we are talking about Apple that has achieved success through ingenuity and decades of hard work.