Sickle Cell Disease
Sickle Cell Disease is an illness that affects people all across the globe. This paper will give a description of the sickness through the discussion of the causes, symptoms, and possible cures. Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a "group of inherited red blood cell disorders."(1) These disorders can have various afflictions, such as pain, damage and a low blood count--Sickle Cell Anemia.
The overall incidence of SCD is eight out of 100,000 people. However, it is much more widespread in some people. "One out of 600 African Americans and one out of 1,000 to 1, 400 Hispanic Americans" are affected. (2). However, there are other populations who are especially affected, as well. These include, but are not limited to "Arabs, Greeks, Italians, and people from India."(1) As it is plain to see, the disease can affect many different types of people.
Now that we know whom this illness should concern, we must discuss what exactly the disease is. "The genetic defect that causes sickle cell anemia affects hemoglobin." (3). Hemoglobin is a constituent of red blood cells. Its job is to take oxygen to all the cells and tissues in the body. "Red blood cells that contain normal hemoglobin are soft and round. Their soft texture enables them to squeeze through the body's small blood vessels."(3) People with SCD, however, have a type of irregular hemoglobin. "A genetic error makes the hemoglobin molecules stick together in a long, rigid rods after they release oxygen. These rods cause the red blood cells to become hard and sickle-shaped, unable to squeeze through tiny blood vessels. The misshapen cells can get stuck in the small blood vessels, causing a blockage that deprives the body's cells and tissues of b...
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...ealthy and fulfilling lives. Treatments such the ones mentioned make this a possibility. Also, people affected by the disease can help themselves by living a healthy life which includes eating a proper diet, getting adequate exercise, and reducing stress. As people who are not afflicted by the disease we can do something to help. We can donate blood and bone marrow in hopes of being a match to a suffering patient. This disease does not only affect the African American community, as is popular known, it affects us all.
Internet Sources:
1)Sickle Cell Anemia
http://www.pediatrics.emory.edu/SICKLE/sicklept.htm
2) Sickle Cell Anemia
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000527.htm
3)New Hope for People with Sickle Cell Anemia ,
http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/496_sick.html
4)Sickle Cell Anemia,
http://www.mamashealth.com/Sickle_Cell.asp
Currently there are over 25 million children in the United States of America who are in the susceptible age group for getting Osgood-Schlatter Disease (Therapy).
In sporadic CJD, the disease occurs even though the affected does not have any known risk factors that would cause an occurrence of the disease. This sudden occurring CJD is indisputably the most frequently diagnosed type of Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease. This statistically accounts for at least 85 percent of CJD cases. Due to that there are some fifty to sixty deaths per year due to sporadic CJD in the United States alone. Similar figures are seen in other countries such as Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom.
The first of these stories, “The Bloody Chamber” is based on the Bluebeard tale in which his wife is forbidden from entering a particular room in the castle and when she does discovers the dead bodies of his former wives. In this story, the Marquis finds out that his wife has entered the room and decides to kill her but with the help of her mother and the blind piano tuner the Marquis is killed and the heroine inherits all of his money. She gives the estate away and lives the rest of her life with her mother and the blind piano tuner.
1. Sickle Cell Disease is life-threatening and has a risk of of causing depression. In this study I examine the experiences that Sickle Cell patients go through specifically at emergency healthcare facilities to find out if there are any negative stigmatizations surrounding this disease. There may be judgments that are made about these patients from healthcare professionals when they seek drugs for their pain relief that may cause the stigmatization to occur. I will also investigate why individuals that have Sickle Cell Disease experience longer waiting times at emergency healthcare facilities and the lack of control they may have over their care regime.
What is Sickle cell disease? Sickle cell affects a disease; that disease is called which affects the hemoglobin when the red blood cells that send oxygen through the body are killed off and weakened. Sickle cells can be found in every 1 and 1000 African Americans, it is affecting about 70,000 to 80,000 Americans in the United States. Sickle cell is a death threatening disease, and the severity of symptoms can vary from person to person (Sickle cell disease (SCD), 2015). Some people have light conditions, but others can have severe conditions, which, mean they could be hospitalized. Characteristics of this disease are caused by a minimum of low blood cells, which is called anemia.
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder that erythrocytes tolerate sickle shape red blood cells. These red blood cells are easy to damage, which leads to hemolytic anemia. Abnormal hemoglobin is fragile to low oxygen conditions within the body. It loses the blood solubility, and then forms thick strands called polymers. This gives the abnormal shape, called Sickle cell.
There are people in America that make us wonder why there is a world to begin with. There are people who represent the greater good of the world, and there are others who are unfortunately not for the greater good of the world. We have to constantly deal with those whose only goal in life is to bring the lives of others down to the ground; to shatter and to break them. This is what is happening now in the world, and this most likely will never change. As a result of trying to change the ways in which we live and interact with these people, there was a movement that wanted to change the lives of African-Americans, as well as other races.
Sickle cell anemia occurs when an abnormal form of hemoglobin (HbS) is produced. HbS molecules tend to clump together, making red blood cells sticky, stiff, and more fragile, and causing them to form into a curved, sickle shape. Red blood cells containing HbS can go back and forth between being shaped normally and being sickle shaped until they eventually become sickle shaped permanently. Instead of moving through the bloodstream easily, these sickle cells can clog blood vessels and deprive the body's tissues and organs of the oxygen they need to stay healthy.
The African American have certain support groups such as the N.A.A.C.P., Domestic Violence support Groups, Kinship Care and many church groups whom have food banks and shelter services. There is a continuing struggle to end poverty within the African American Communities.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AIDS weakens the immune system hampering the body’s defense mechanisms. AIDS is known to be a deadly disease, especially if it is not treated in a timely manner. AIDS and HIV is an epidemic that is increasing among the African American population with roots tracing back to Africa, AIDS and HIV needs greater exposure and more awareness within the African American community and in the homosexual community.
According to Garris L. Christian (2006) he describes the six characters of families, which are based on their own unique beliefs, cultural context, and family tradition. Three of the six characteristics that strongly resonate to me are role, rule, and hierarchy. Role family can be described as never good enough, peacemaker, everyone feels responsible within the family, a lot of activities, over worked, helpful at home, and/or outside. Each role has certain behavioral expectations. Those characteristics of the families’ role are very positive behavior, but there can also be negative consequences. The rule families follow the tradition of the oldest person in the family setting the standards and loyalty to the parents, brothers or sisters. The term of hierarchy family structure in male and older family members occupy a higher status. This would include the children obeying their parents strict family rules and carrying out a higher status attitude.
Vince Lombardi once said, “Leadership is not just one quality, but rather a blend of many qualities; and while no one individual possesses all of the needed talents that go into leadership, each man can develop a combination to make him a leader.” A person needs many qualities to become a great leader. Throughout history, four qualities have remained constant: vision, communication, fixed principles, and confidence.
Despite the understanding of the outdated messages of the stories in question, fairytales still to endure when it comes to the test of time, taking responsibility in upbringing gender stereotypes and identities when it comes to gender. They argue the fairytales educate youngster’s girls in transforming themselves to a great woman in concern with cultural standards prevailing.
Prenatal genetic screening in particular is a polarizing topic of discussion, more specifically, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). PGD is one of the two techniques commonly used to genetically screen embryos in vitro; it is usually done at the eight-cell stage of division. PGD is most often performed when there is the risk that one or both parents carry disease-causing mutations. It is extensively used by high-risk individuals trying to conceive babes who will be free of particular mutations. PGD can test for over 50 genetic conditions and even allows for sex selection if there are underlying gender-associated medical conditions. When the results are satisfactory, the selected embryo is implanted into the mother’s uterus. While a controversial technique, preimplantation genetic diagnosis is one example of some of the good genetic testing can do, more benefits will be furthe...
GSD I is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder with the incidence being 1 in 100,000. Parents may be heterozygote carriers, making them asymptomatic, however they have a 25% chance of having a child that is affected by GSD I. Prenatal diagnosis can be made by completing a liver biopsy at 18-22 weeks but no fetal treatments are currently available and standard newborn screening tests are not able to detect GSD I.