The Bobo Doll experiment was conducted in 1961 by Bandura and his colleagues at Stanford University, to investigate if social behavior is learned through observing adult like aggressive behavior in the child’s environment. Bandura designed the Bobo doll experiment to see whether children would copy adult-like behaviors. In addition, whether children acted aggressively towards objects were either learned or inherited (Bandura, 1961). The theory being tested is social cognitive learning. Social cognitive learning is “how people acquire and maintain certain behavioral patterns, while also providing the basis for intervention strategies” (Bandura, 1997). Basically, it is evaluating the person’s behavioral action/ reaction depending in the environment, …show more content…
Secondly, the female children in the aggressive model were more physically aggressive if the model was a male but, verbally aggressive if the exemplary was a female. Thirdly, the male children would mimic same-sex model than female children. However, girl’s imitating same-sex models were not firm. Lastly, the group of boys imitated a physical violent behavior than, girls. There was a partial difference in the verbal aggression between female and male children (2011. McLeod). It can be stated that Bandura predicted correctly of children being exposed to aggressive model behavior were likely to imitate that behavior on themselves. Another, prediction that was proved correct was that boys were more likely to imitate aggressive behavior than girl (Shuttleworth, 2008). However, the study was inconclusive on its findings because, there was no accurate answer what leads children to have that aggression like …show more content…
However, it is certain that children that observe and learn these type of aggressive/violent like behaviors at school, home, or on television or prone to imitating these acts. According to an article “Bobo Doll Experiment” the author states “Bandura found that girls were much less likely to be physically violent, but were equally as prone to verbal aggression as boys... encountered in society, where bullying at school, by boys, is more often of a physical nature; intimidation amongst girls tends to be more verbal and social” (Shuttleworth, 2011). Bandura in this finding observed that girls were not as physically violent as boys, but were verbally aggressive just as boys. It is more likely of male to get into a physical altercation with another male individual than a female. However, there were criticism that the dolls springs was a strong possibility “that children saw it as playful game than, something else. This study was very important to the field of psychology because it wanted to prove that what children see or imitate can affect the way they behave in society. In addition, children were chosen to be picked as the subject because they were less exposed to
Rothbart and Maccoby (1966) studied parents’ reactions to specific child behaviors, especially those regarded as sex-typed, like dependency and aggression, in hopes of understanding what accounts for sex differences in behavior. Social-learning theory addresses the finding, that girls display more dependent behaviors than boys, and boys display more aggressive behaviors than girls. And that dependent behaviors are less rewarded for males, just as aggressive behaviors are less rewarded for females (Rothbart and Maccoby 1966). Using social-learning theory, and assuming that the family constitutes the “culture” into which a young child is exposed, Rothbart and Maccoby (1966) predicted that both parents would reinforce dependency more strongly in girls, and aggression more strongly in boys.
Social domain helps interact with other classmates. There are many activities that promote the social skills. According to Berger (2015), Social learning theory is the behaviorism that emphasizes the influence that other people have over a person’s behavior. The individuals learn without an enforcement. The individual learns through observation and imitation of other people. This theory is also called observational learning. Children model their behavior from their parents, peers, and famous people. Social learning occurs through modeling in which the child copies what they see on other people they admire. However, there are some children that do the opposite of what a role model is doing. On April 19, 2016, I noticed that Charlotte played with a baby doll. Charlotte was experience social learning Charlotte covers the baby doll with a blanket and surprisingly removes the blanket from the baby doll. When Charlotte took out the blanket, she laughs at the baby doll. It seems like Charlotte was playing peek-a-boo with her doll. By Charlotte plays with her doll, it shows that she learned that activity with her mom/dad. Also, there was an infant called Loui and was playing with Charlotte. Loui laid down on the carpet and moving his hips side to side. When Charlotte saw Loui, she laid down on the carpet and started to do the same thing. They were playing this new game and they were interacting with one
Simmons, R. (2002). The odd girl out: The hidden culture of aggression in girls. Orlando, FL:
What was it that caused the aggression and dominance exhibited by the boys of Lord of the Flies? Was it some metaphysical, spiritual force, or perhaps their genetic makeup? Could it have been the influence of their peers or families, or was it the media that inspired this dangerous pattern? Conceivably, their gender had something to do with this appalling trait. It all begs the question, would the same experiences have occurred had females been stranded on the island instead of males? Had females been in a similar situation as the boys in Lord of the Flies, they would have fared abundantly better. Initially, this paper will address society’s role in encouraging males’ violent behavior, as well as females’ politeness and passivity. Secondly, it will be discussed how family socialization influences females’ gentle natures and males’ aggressive temperaments. Finally, this research will explore both gender’s leadership styles, and scientific perception behind these differences.
In the early 1960’s Stanley Milgram (1963) performed an experiment titled Behavioral Study of Obedience to measure compliance levels of test subjects prompted to administer punishment to learners. The experiment had surprising results.
Children learn aggressive behavior by watching others behave aggressively, and acting on or imitating those observed behaviors, such as a young child bullying another to get a...
Working-class children, minority children, unpopular children and children doing poorly in school seem to be the ones more susceptible to imitating the aggression that they see on television. This may be partly because they watch more hours and are exposed to more television violence…Television may or may not contribute to their aggressive behavior, but their aggressive nature does play a major role in what they choose to watch.
He has also been focused on the on the ways that people influence behavior, thoughts, and learning of others. His early work; modeling learning through the observation of others. His classic doll experiment in the early 1960s demonstrated that children could mimic novel actions just by seeing an adult engage in them. This challenged existing beliefs that most learning occurred through conditioning or a system of reinforcement or punishment. The finding that learning could occur through simple observation has had significant implications, particularly for the development of children.
It is my belief that aggressive behavior in children is linked to the media, but also to the behavior portrayed by the people around them. Many studies have been targeted toward the link between aggression and viewing violence in the media. One well-known study was conducted by Albert Bandura and is known as the Bobo doll experiment. Research has shown that a child will mimic the actions of others if the actions are reinforced. “Albert Bandura argued that aggression in children is influenced by the reinforcement of family members, the media, and the environment” (Bandura, 1976).
My choice of research was in the play behaviors of children as well as aggression. Breaking the topic down more, behavior relates to the psychology and the psyche of each individual. The definition of psychology is “science of mind and behavior” (Clavijo, 2013). After reading the article by Clavijo, I have realized that psychology can be defined in three ways such as the study of the mind, the study of behavior, and the study of the mind and behavior. In the text “The Developing Person” by Berger, behavior is learned through social learning. Children learn different behaviors through the observation of others, others being children and adults. Different people have affects on a child’s life that can affect their behavior. A child’s behavior is heavily influenced by their parents. A son may speak aggressively and without respect towards his mother because this is the way that his father speaks to her therefore he feels that is how to communicate with his mother (Berger, 200, 2012). Moving into play behaviors, children learn from other children in how to play. Most believe cognitive growth relies on child’s play time. Vygotsky and Piaget both believe that when children play it is beneficial, but according to Vygotsky, playing enables a child to think outside the box and create their own meaning from objects, using their imagination. Piaget believes that child benefit from playing together because children and sharing their knowledge and making it more concrete ideas and thoughts. There are four stages of plays, with the fourth stage being the highest most complicated play which consists of rules and guidelines for the game. The lowest level or play would be functional play being infants shaking rattles, clapping their hands, or blow...
The desire of the participants to please adults or behave for them based on rewards is another concern with Bandura et al. (1961) findings. According to Ferguson (2010) children’s innate desire to please their elders may have been a major influence in determining the participant’s aggression towards the Bobo Doll. Given the children were aware of the adult’s expectation to punch or push the Bobo Doll back, the motivation for the children to comply with this expectation was a strong influence in deciding the outcome of their behaviour and hence their aggressive conduct. Ferguson also argues that aggression is distinctly different to violence. He explains the intention of the Bobo Doll to bounce back gave the test subjects the impression that
Girls are supposed to play with dolls, wear pink, and grow up to become princesses. Boys are suppose to play with cars, wear blue, and become firefighters and policemen. These are just some of the common gender stereotypes that children grow up to hear. Interactions with toys are one of the entryway to different aspects of cognitive development and socialism in early childhood. As children move through development they begin to develop different gender roles and gender stereotypes that are influenced by their peers and caregivers.
Boys reported using significantly more physically aggressive behaviors at school than girls and higher overall exposure to physically aggressive programs than girls. They also reported higher overall television exposure than girls but this data fell short of significance. Girls reported higher overall exposure to socially aggressive programs than did boys, but there was no significant sex difference in the perpetration of socially aggressive behaviors (Martins & Wilson, 2011, p. 59).
Albert Bandura has come out with social learning theory which support aggression is a learned behavior. Bandura stated that aggression can be learned through 2 ways which is by direct and vicarious experience. (Hogg & Vaughan, 2011) Learning by direct experience means an individual learn aggressive behavior because he or she were receive reinforcement from it. For example, Adam grabs a candy from the other kid, but no one stop him or he did not receive any punishment for doing this, he will most properly do it next time. This is because he receives the reinforcement (candy) from bullying other kid and nobody stop him and tell him not to do that. In the other hand, learning by vicarious experience means an individual will learn aggressive behavior when he or she saw others receiving reward by behave in that way. For example, when James saw his brother hit a dog and his parent didn’t stop James’s brother from doing that action but give his brother some reward, James will be encouraged by this and will do the same thing next time because he think that he will receive reward by doing that action. In addition, aggression also can be learned through observation. For example, when parent always argue and fight in front of their children, their child will learn all this behavior and imitating those action. Some research also found out that children who exposed to violent in family are likely to grow up become aggressive themselves. This theory illustrated in the famous Bobo Doll Experiment by Bandura. Based on the experiment, Bandura found out when compare to those children who did not exposed to the aggressive model, the children who exposed to the aggression model are more likely to act in psychically aggression. (McLeod,
In this era, males and females both uphold household duties. Children watch and learn from their environment. A boy watching his father care for an infant is going to want to imitate his father. Playing with a doll is simply following what he has seen his father do. Taking away the doll is taking away that child’s future as a nurturing father (Gioia, 2010). Many men feel that their male child playing with a doll is not teaching him to be tough and will negatively impact their future, when in fact the boy will learn how to care and use their imagination by playing with dolls (Epand). Females are often praised when they are gentle and nurturing, while boys are not- causing boys to r...