PLASTIC PAVEMENT
Prepared for
M. C. Vautour
Technical Writing and
Research Instructor
NBCC Moncton and Jocelyn Martin
Technical Practices Instructor
NBCC Moncton
Prepared by
Nuthalakanti Venugopal Ashish
Civil Technician
NBCC Moncton
December 1, 2014
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iii
INTRODUCTION 1
Background 1
Purpose 1
Scope 1
REASON TO USE PLASTIC WASTE 2
Chemical reason 2
Environmental reason 2
METHODOLOGY 3
Dry process 3
Method 3
ADVANTAGES OF METHOD 3
CASE STUDY 5
FUTHURE STUDY REQUIRED 7
CONCLUSION 8
SOURCE CITED 9
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Plastic Pavement
By
Nuthalakanti Venugopal Ashish
The major process to reduce plastic waste into a useful product is by reusing plastic waste in pavement
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Modification of natural or ordinary bitumen is done by adding one or more polymer with this. Plastic wastes are high density polyethylene. Research shows, by controlling the temperature within the range of 1700C – 1800C, plastic waste can be blended with bitumen. With certain temperature molten plastic waste inhibits good binding property, and hence used as a binder. It can also be mixed with binder like bitumen to enhance their binding property(Puttaraj mallikarjun hiremanth).
Environmental reason
Environment and Plastics Industry Council of Canada shows that in 2002, 235,086 tonnes of plastic bottles were generated and about 84,744 tonnes were recovered and recycled based on available data. This is a recovery rate of 36%. Same year Quebec generated 63,987 tonnes and recycled 20,482 tonnes, recovery rate was 32%. Use of plastic waste as pavement material could substantially increase the recovery rate(Clarissa Marawski). A statistics (Puttaraj mallikarjun hiremanth) shows that, per capita plastic consumption is highest in North America comparing to other countries in the world. Average plastic consumption in the world is 25 kg/year, but in North America the consumption is 90 kg/year. West Europe 65 kg/year, China 24 kg/year and in India it is only 6kg/year. So it is more important in North America to recycle the plastic waste than other countries.
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Traditional bitumen surfaced pavement needs to improve its property against freeze thaw, rain water, water stagnant etc. Plastic waste including bags, bottle and electronic waste can be a good option to use this with regular asphalt, and thus consume it within pavement from a hazardous situation. At the same time, it will improve the pavement quality with an easy and safe construction process, and save the environment from plastic hazards. SOURCE CITED
Amit Gawande, G. Zamare, V.C. Renge, Saurabh Tayde, G. Bharsakale. "An Overview On Waste Plastic Utilization In Asphalting Of Roads." Jounal of Engineering Research and Studies 3.2 (2012). Document.
Andy. Green Energy Saving Tips. 19 December 2012. <http://www.greenenergysavingtips.com/the-3rs-reduce-reuse-recycle-recycled-plastic-asphalt/>.
Clarissa Marawski, Melissa Felder. An Overview of Plastic Bottle Recycling. Thesis. Toronto: The Environment and Plastics Industry Council (EPIC) , 2004. Document.
CPIA, Canadian Plastic Industry Association. Plastic Waste Denominator Study For Canada. Thesis. Toronto: Environmental, Kelleher, 2012.
The recycling process of plastic begins at the recycling department wherever it may be located. The plastics are categorized according to plastic type. Plastic is then separated by color, the plastic is sterilized then crushed and chopped into plastic flakes. The plastic flakes are then melted and stirred. As a result of the stirring and melting a thick liquid is produced. This thick liquid is processed and spun into fiber strands that could be used for making fleec...
Currently in Canada, the amount of waste generated by households is increasing. As Canadians continue to consume more, the amount of waste created as a result increases as well and between 2000 and 2004, household waste increased by 19% (Statistics Canada, 2008, para. 8). While this is appears to be a frightening statistic for landfills across Canada, recycling is actually increasing as well, and at a faster rate. Over the same time period (2000-2004), household recycling increased by 65% in Canada (Statistics Canada, 2008, para. 9). This is a positive sign as it is clear that Canada’s increase in trash is being offset by a much stronger effort with regards to recycling.
This article was written by the San Jose Mercury News in 2010, which talks about the city of San Jose was considering to boycott the state of Arizona due to the immigration law, which is going get in the way of business for both parties. San Jose spended millions of dollars in business with companies that are located in Arizona, such as a stun-gun company called Taser International, and a commercial trash hauler named Allied Waste. There is a split decision on whether to go forward with the boycott, since there were some arguments that was mention in the article, and was the reason for the boycott delayed. The majority of the city council members wanted to send a message, a message that they do not support the immigration law, yet the other
National Center for Manufacturing Sciences. (2004, August 11). Environmental Roadmapping Initiative. Retrieved October 14, 2011, from Plastics Impacts, Risks and Regulations: http://ecm.ncms.org/ERI/new/IRRPlastics.htm
The bottles that are sent to recycling go through an interesting process to get reused. After you place your bottle in a recycling bin, the bottles are collected and sorted at a MRF, a material recovery facility. Here the bottles are sorted, separated and situated into bundles, each scaling up to 1200 pounds and some consisting of more than 7200 bottles. These bundles are then transported to a facility that rips them apart using a machine known as a bale breaker. A magnet is also used to discard certain metal bits that may have mistakenly come along the journey. The bottles are then put through a cleaning machine that uses soapy water to remove the labels and dirt. Bottles and caps are then separated based on types of plastic using a quite efficient method. The PET bottles and their caps are then cut into small flakes and placed in water. Since different types of plastic have different densities, the bottle flakes sink, while the caps float, which separates them for recycling. The dried plastic flakes of bottles and caps are then warmed into a gooey liquid and forced out into long strands. The strands are cooled and toughened in water, and chopped into tiny pea-sized pellets, which are transported to companies that make a variety of new plastic
Every year, an estimated 8 million tons of plastic waste enters our environment, severely polluting oceans, beaches, forests, and even the towns and cities we live in. In the ocean alone, it is believed that 5.25 trillion pieces of plastic pollutes the waters (“Plastic Statistics”, Ocean Crusaders).The majority of plastic pollution can be traced back to single-use items, such as grocery bags, bottles, and plastic packaging. According to United Nations Environment, “At the rate we are dumping items such as plastic bottles, bags and cups after a single use, by 2050 oceans will carry more plastic than fish…” (“UN Declares War on Ocean Plastic”, UN Environment). This pollution is a major problem and endangers not only the environment, but human
Ironically, plastic, which is a material designed to last forever, is generally used for things we tend to throw away. Every year, about one hundred to two hundred billion pounds of plastic are manufactured. Only 31% of that plastic is actually recycled. Biomass packaging estimates 10% of that plastic ends up in the ocean annually. About 20% of it coming from ships and other platforms, and the other 80% coming from land derived sources, such as international garbage dumping, winds or tides, either way it finds its way to the ocean.
The US Container Recycling Institute estimates that 67 million plastic water bottles are discarded every day, enough plastic water bottles to wrap around the planet 149 times each year. Indeed, plastic water bottles should be banned from use by the public. The usage of water bottles should be suppressed because they are unimaginably dangerous, wasteful, expensive, and rarely recycled.
TRASH – Bottles and Cans Did you know that used bottles and cans can be recycled and can turn into something else that can actually be useful for your or for other people? One thing you can actually make use of your bottles is when you need pots for your plants. You can use plastic bottles from juices and sodas. Just cut them in half and there you go, you
... converting plastic waste into useful products are being affected by pollution; this contamination is found within containers where plastics are collected. But the same risk of pollution carries downside consequences in which workers and people responsible for cleaning and disinfecting the plastic materials are not doing the best to eliminate plastic waste, and to disinfect the infected bacteria and microorganisms from the atmosphere and environment. Organizations from China and India are the largest in the world, they collect and purchase used plastic from United States, Europe, Asia and Latin America (Minguez 2013). These companies do not bother to sanitize the products before the recycling process; for this reason the planet earth is getting a worse environmental condition, and it is destroying lives of living beings, and natural resources as well (Uddin 2014).
Many people believe that we should not recycle anymore, but this is not the case. We, the people of the world, need to continue to recycle because we do not want our children to grow up in a world where there are no certain species of animals due to recycling failures. We also do not want our children to grow up thinking that it is okay that they throw their garbage on the ground, and not have to pick it up. We need to teach our children that they need to take care of the earth that they are living on, because they only get one. Recycling is one of the most beneficial environmental issues that we have here on this earth. Recycling saves energy, limits pollution and supports several environmental factors of the economy. “In 2003, the savings from recycling 54 billion aluminum cans exceeded the energy equivalent of 15 million barrels of crude oil- or the amount of gas the U.S. uses in one day,” according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The EPA estimates that 200 million gallons of used oil are not disposed of properly, and if we were to dispose the oil properly then we could keep the oil from polluting the ground and the fresh water source. According to E. Takatori, “… While on-going societal regulation treats material recycling as the dominant cycle, the properties of recycled plastic remain the most port
Renee Cho, a journalist for the State if the Planet, studied what occurs to all the plastic after consumers throw their plastic products out, "It's estimated that there are also hundreds of millions of plastic debris floating around in the oceans threatening the health and safety of marine life." Landfills are increasingly gaining size because of the amount of plastic we use to create out products as it is not biodegradable. Plastic can take more than one thousand years to degrade and can only be recycled through a lengthy expensive process. There also are large islands of plastic waste currently in our oceans, collected together by ocean gyres. Marine wildlife mistake these plastic products as food and ingest them, either killing or injuring themselves. The plastic pollution causes harm and endangers our
are required and less energy is needed to make recycled plastic products than to make
Being convenient enough for everyday use and even tasting better to some, plastic bottles are a popular way of consuming beverages. They are convenient and to some people, can even taste better. However, the process of manufacturing and transporting the millions of bottles produced is detrimental to the environment. Continued use of plastic bottles could exponentially hurt the planet.
Plastic is good for a few reasons. The use of plastic provides convenience, efficiency, and flexibility to consumers and manufacturers. Even though plastic has its pros, there are a few reasons why it is becoming a problem for the environment. Through overuse, harmful chemicals are slowly coming into contact with our bodies, and the lack of recycling is what is causing problems for the environment. The negative effect of current plastic use worldwide outweighs the positives, and therefore we should reduce, educate, and recycle...