The Kashmir issue has been the bone of contention between Pakistan and India since the independence of the two countries in 1947 and is one of the oldest of the issues present in the agenda of the United Nations. From the Pakistan’s point of view, this issue of Kashmir is a human rather than a territorial problem, involving the lives of about 13 million Kashmiris.
Many international declarations, as well as the resolutions of the United Nations have declared the right of self determination of the Kashmiri people. The involvement of the Kashmiris in deciding their own fate is therefore must. What remains is the presence of flexible leadership of the region. Pakistan has demonstrated her maximum flexibility in this situation.
OVERVIEW OF THE KASHMIR ISSUE
Having an area of 84471 square miles, the state of Jammu and Kashmir is surrounded by India, Pakistan, China and Afghanistan. The valley of Kashmir is often referred to as “A Paradise on Earth”. Over centuries, the people of the world have been enthralled and entranced by its breathtaking and scenic beauty. However, the history of the people of this beautiful land is a woeful tale. Their lives were governed and ruled by poverty, oppression, tyranny and subjugation. The famous scholar, Vincent Smith wrote, “Few regions in the world can have had worse luck than Kashmiris in the matter of government.”
Beginning of the Kashmir Problem
The Kashmir issue is an unsolved problem that aroused from the partition of the subcontinent. The state of Jammu and Kashmir was one of the 584 princely states of the sub continent which had to be divided between the independent India and Pakistan. Keeping in concern the wishes of the people of these states and the geographical location, they were ...
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...e also stated that he was ready to forgo the UN Resolutions related to Kashmir.
vi. Provision of Full Fledge Support to the Kashmiris
Now the Kashmiris have been forced to adopt militancy to safeguard their right of self determination. Pakistan renders full ethical, moral and military support to the Kashmiri rebels.
vii. Seeking the Role of the UK
On the 20th February 2011, after talking to a delegation of the UK parliamentarian, led by Lord Nazir, Maulana Fazal stated that the talks must be meaningful between India and Pakistan for resolving the Kashmir Issue. He demanded the removal of the militants from the Line of Control. He said that the struggle of Kahmiris can’t be suppressed and their voice could never be silenced. Lord Nazir stated that they would present the issue in the UK Government and will convince it to play a role in resolving the Kashmir Issue.
The many factors that lead to the escalation of conflict, and ultimately to the brutal violence, and mass displacement in 1947, were hard for me to wrap my head around. I realized that the partition of India...
Since its independence in 1947, political stability has been a key factor which has ensured that India is the largest democracy in the world today. In spite ...
During the Cold War, many regional conflicts occurred and were noted as the significant battles which later led to decolonization. One of the regional conflicts were India and Pakistan fighting for their independence. In 1947, India was released under Great Britain’s control and gained its independence. However, the country was divided between Muslims and Hindus, which share different religions. Muslims wanted church and state to become unified while Hindus wanted a separation of these two establishments. Since these two ethnic groups disagreed, it was difficult to create a new government. Therefore, India was divided into two nations: India for the Hindus and Pakistan for the Muslims. Hindus and Muslims were racing to the border in order to get to their nation state which led to killing 500,000 people due to rioting. Although, Mohandas Gandhi, an Indian National Congressman, wanted to obtain peace between these two religions. Pakistan refused the H...
Kashmir is conflict territory after the partition of India and Pakistan. Conflict is not only between India and Pakistan but also India and the religious militants. Religious Militants are conducting a jihad to govern by the religious law. Historically, Kashmir included Sufis Muslim not orthodox Muslim. Numerous international events had influenced in the growth of Islamic fundamentalism in Kashmir. Jihad is not originally from Kashmir but they are foreign militancy bought during the end of the Soviet –Afghanistan War. Additionally, they are trained in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Pakistan Inter service Intelligence helped them to incorporate into organized militant groups. Pakistan helped Jihad group with full moral, political and diplomatically. Even though Kashmir conflict is territorial issue it has also turned into religious conflict by the foreigner militant.
For any country, in the way of development, needs cordial relations with its neighbors in political, social and global issues to create a healthy environment for development. Pakistan, one of the most important neighbor of India was once homogeneous political unit with India before independence and the struggle for freedom was fought collectively. India’s relations with Pakistan are the most complex of its ties with its neighbors and can be understand by following historical events :
In late 1947, the newly created states of India and Pakistan went to war over the valley of Kashmir. A United Nations brokered ceasefire divided the state into Indian and Pakistani controlled territories, and resolved that a referendum would be held in which the people of Kashmir would be able to choose to join either country. The referendum has not been held to this day. India granted its portion of Kashmir a special status within its constitution, allowing for a great degree of self-autonomy. However, successive Kashmiri governments have been dissolved by the government of India, and elections have only been held in the presence of its armed forces. In 1965, Pakistan and India waged a second indecisive war over Kashmir. In the 1980s, resistance within Kashmir itself against the Indian government took on a violent nature, with guerilla attacks against Indian army bases. India responded with heavy army clampdowns, and since then the situation has only escalated and get worse. It is estimated that well over 34,000 people have died within the valley, and the relations between the two countries have become increasingly acrimonious. India blames Pakistan for the militant uprising, claiming Islamabad is supporting cross border terrorism. Pakistan responds that it merely provides diplomatic and moral support arguing, furthermore, that India’s history of human rights abuses in the valley is to blame. With both countries now in possession of nuclear arms; the recent war in KARGIL and the increasing number of civilian deaths, refugees, and other human rights issues within Kashmir, the conflict seems to be taking on a more serious nature. In this paper I will discuss the Kashmir conflict in some depth, examining the problem in...
After its “raj” for three centuries (1757-1947), in 1947, the British power was “transferred” to the two dominions, India and Pakistan. The former land was as the successor state of British India and Pakistan a second successor state. The price of the independence was the partition of continental India on the idea of communal majority principle of the “two-nation” theory theorized by the Muslim League. The partition of British India was a turning point because it left many questions unanswered and many conflicts unresolved. One question left elusive was, “Why did indepen...
Wirsing, Robert. India, Pakistan, and the Kashmir Dispute: on Regional Conflict and its Resolution. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994. Print.
The most threatening conflict between Hindus and Muslims is the province of Kashmir. This is where the decision to divide India into India and Pakistan seems to have been a terrible mistake. Kashmir, which is the only Muslim majority city in India, lies between the divided India and Pakistan. After India’s independence in the 1940’s, Kashmir had to choose to either unite with India or Pakistan. The Prince of Kashmir chose India but Pakistan invaded the province soon after and have occupied part of Kashmir since then. Controversy still surrounds the province today because naturally, Muslims want to control it. While many Muslims relocated to Pakistan and the Hindus to India, half of the Muslim population was left in India and their relations did not improve after being partially separated.
Hindus of India and Muslims of Pakistan have fought for land and power over the centuries, as each culture has attempted to spread their beliefs. This has led to India and Pakistan violently attempting to take control of the Kashmir region to reap the benefits of its vital resources. The conflict between these two countries has been tense since the Partition of British India in 1947, creating an independent India. As borders were determined, the Muslim and Hindu region of Kashmir was an area that India and Pakistan both wanted to control, making it nearly impossible to come to a peaceful solution. The situation has carried over to present day, as people struggle to survive in a war that should not be fought. In modern society, there should be a way to solve the issue, but the situation continues to become more complex with increa...
Athwass in its spirit and essence mirrors the ethos of Kashmir, which, for centuries, has represented peace, nonviolence and brotherhood of man (Kaul, 2012). Since 1989, the low-intensity conflict in Jammu and Kashmir has been the most important issue in India's internal security scenario. Possession of the State of Kashmir has been an issue of dispute since 1947 starting with India and Pakistan. After tw...
Trauma is severe in Pakistan, Pakistan's meltdown. Two nation theory was discovered and established the theoretical basis of Pakistan--were brutally questioned, and the support of Pakistan's foreign policy is not morally be found anywhere, including her longtime allies, especially the United States and the people's Republic of China from collapse. She has since its inception, Pakistan's physical and moral existence is in great danger. In front of the internal, Baloch, Sindhi, Pashtun nationalism, at its peak, to urge them to independence from Pakistan. From this, we can clearly see Zulficar · Ali · Bhutto, despite its limited resources, to begin running the country, and great work in a State of confusion after 1971. Despite torture and torment, the shell · Bhutto had faced, but the incredible courage, with smiling face looking like a real thinker Punjab Muhammad Muslim Muslims · The Iqbal case referred to by
Lawrence Auster wrote an eye-opening blog excerpt titled India and Pakistan: Why the Mass Killing Occurred. The content of this excerpt explore the fundamental issues of identity and religion that led to the violence in 1947. The author makes his point by utilizing current event such as the train massacre in 2002, in which 50 Hindu women and children were burned alive. The blog is for an audience with some prior knowledge on the topic and continues to expand upon that knowledge. The blog is a secondary source because it introduces its own unique ideas regarding the issue and was written after the time of the event. It was very helpful to my research because it simplifies the wordy information often found on scholarly sites and condenses it into something comprehensible and relatable to the reader.
Pakistan’s position in the global environment, it is known as an ally of the United States. After the attack on 9/11, Pakistan denounced its previous support of the Taliban regime and became a key player in the fight against terrorism. However, despite Pakistan’s efforts to maintain control over the Taliban-linked militants along their borders, the growing hostility has caused constant turmoil within the country. The Sunni extremists have been launching attacks against minority groups in Pakistan. Since 2009, Pakistan’s government has waged war against these militants in effort to flush them and their influence out of the country (BBCnews.com 2014).
In his book “India and Pakistan – Continued Conflict and Cooperation?”, Wolpert gives his latest analysis by briefly tracing the history of the conflict and by emphasizing on the issue of Kashmir for which, after more than six decades, there is no solution in sight. He also mentions the various national and international initiatives to solve this conflict and explains why these initiatives have always failed. The most realistic and pragmatic solution to the problem, according to Wolpert, is for Pakistan and India to agree on the current Line of Control (LoC) in Kashmir as International border, because he believes that no attempt to hand over